• 한국습지학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.38-43
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• 2022

스마트(Smart) 하수처리장은 하수처리 전 과정에 대한 ICT 기반의 실시간 모니터링, 원격 제어 관리 및 지능화 체계를 구축하여 안전하고 깨끗한 물환경을 조성하는 것을 의미한다. 이러한 스마트 하수처리장의 핵심이 되는 기술이 계측기를 활용한 운전제어 기술이라 할 수 있다. 본 연구진은 국내에서 진행중인 하수처리장 지능화 연구사업들을 참고하여 지능화사업 구축 시 필요한 운전제어 기술들을 분석하고 제시하였다. 분석 결과 규모별 제어, 반류수 제어, 연계처리수 제어, 약품량 제어, 동절기 운영제어, 총 유기탄소 제어까지 총 6개의 제거 기술에 대해 제시하였다. 규모별로는 소규모와 중규모 대규모로 구분할 수 있는 기준을 제시하였고, 반류수 제어의 경우 반류수를 관리할 수 있는 수질 및 유량 센서의 위치를 제시하였다. 연계처리수 제어의 경우 연계처리수가 하수처리장에 미치는 영향과 제어 지점을 제시하였으며, 약품주입량 제어의 경우 지능형 하수처리장 도입에 따라 약품 주입량을 최적화할 수 있는 시스템을 제시하였다. 동절기 운영의 경우 수온 저하에 따른 질산화 저하를 고려하였을 때 제어해야 하는 센서와 펌프를 제시하였다. 총 유기탄소 제어의 경우 향후 오염총량제를 고려한 연동 시스템을 제시하였다. 이러한 운전제어 시나리오들은 향후 지능형 하수처리 알고리즘과 시나리오에 사용될 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.723-731
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• 2006

Purpose: Collagen is the principal structural biomolecule in cartilage extracellular matrix, which makes it a logical target for cartilage engineering. In this study, porous type I collagen scaffolds were cross-linked using dehydrothermal(DHT) treatment and/or 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl aminopropyl) carbodiimide(EDC), in the presence and absence of chondroitin-6-sulfate(CS) for cartilage regeneration. Methods: Cartilage defects were created in the proximal part of the ear of New Zealand rabbits. Four types of scaffolds(n=4) were inserted. The types included DHT cross-linked(Group 1), DHT and EDC cross- linked(Group 2), CS added DHT cross-linked(Group 3), and CS added DHT and EDC cross-linked(Group 4). Histomorphometric analysis and cartilage-specific gene expression of the reconstructed tissues were evaluated respectively 4, 8, and 12 weeks after implantation. Results: The largest quantity of regenerated cartilage was found in DHT cross-linked groups 1 and 3 in the 8th week and then decreased in the 12th week, while calcification increased. Calcification was observed from the 8th week and the area increased in the 12th week. Group 4 was treated with EDC cross-linking and CS, and the matrix did not degrade in the 12th week. Cartilage-specific type II collagen mRNA expression increased with time in all groups. Conclusion: CS did not increase chondrogenesis in all groups. EDC cross-linking may prevent chondrocyte infiltration from the perichondrium into the collagen scaffold.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.175-183
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• 2011

The present study compared the developmental potential, telomerase activity and transcript levels of X-linked genes (ANT3, HPRT, MeCP2, RPS4X, XIAP, XIST and ZFX) in the bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) embryos derived from different age and cell cycle of female donor nucleus. In experiment 1, the fusion rate, cleavage rate to 2-cell stage, developmental rate to blastocyst stage, and the mean number of total and ICM cells was slightly increased in embryos cloned with fetal fibroblasts compared to those with adult fibroblasts, but there was no significantly (p<0.05) differences. Telomerase activity was also similar in blastocysts cloned with fetal and adult fibroblasts. Up-regulated RPS4X and down-regulated MeCP2, XIAP, and XIST transcript level were observed in blastocysts cloned with adult fibroblasts, compared to those with fetal fibroblasts. In experiment 2, the fusion rate, cleavage rate to 2-cell stage, developmental rate to blastocyst stage, and the mean number of total and ICM cells was significantly (p<0.05) increased in embryos cloned with fetal fibroblasts at early G1 phase of the cell cycle, compared to those of fetal fibroblasts at late G1 phase. DNMT1 transcript was observed to significantly (p<0.05) increased in the fetal fibroblasts at 3 hrs after trypsin treatment of confluent culture. Further, level of telomerase activity and transcribed X-linked genes was also significantly (p<0.05) higher in the early G1 SCNT blastocysts than those of late G1. The results imply that fetal fibroblasts at early G1 phase induces the enhanced developmental potential and up-regulated telomerase activity and X-linked gene, but aberrant transcript pattern of X-linked genes may be displayed in the SCNT embryos.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.12-22
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• 2013

Objective: We investigated the norepinephrine transporter (NET) expression in normal and pre-eclamptic placentas and analyzed the invasion activity of trophoblastic cells based on norepinephrine (NE)-NET regulation. Methods: NET and NE expression levels were examined by western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Trophoblast invasion activity, depending on NE-NET regulation, was determined by NET-small interfering RNA (siRNA) and NET transfection into the human extravillous trophoblast cells with or without NE treatment and invasion rates were analyzed by zymography and an invasion assay. Results: NET mRNA was expressed at a low level in pre-eclamptic placentas compared with normal placentas and NE concentration in maternal plasma increased significantly in pre-eclamptic women compared to normal pregnant women (p<0.05). NET gene upregulation and NE treatment stimulated trophoblast cell invasion up to 2.5-fold (p<0.05) by stimulating matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity via the phosphoinositol-3-kinase/AKT signaling pathway, whereas NET-siRNA with NE treatment reduced invasion rates. Conclusion: NET expression is reduced by inadequate regulation of NE levels during placental development. This suggests that a complementary balance between NET and NE regulates trophoblast cell invasion activities during placental development.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.248-254
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• 2008

Purpose: Human acellular dermal matrix(ADM) is widely used in the treatment of congenital anomalies and soft tissue deficiencies. But it is rapidly degraded in the body and does not provide satisfactory results. There is a need to improve collagen fiber stability through various methods and ultimately regulate the speed of degradation. Methods: The ADMs were added with various cross-linking agents called glutaraldehyde, dimethyl 3,3'-dithiobispropionimidate to produce cross-linked acellular dermal matrices. 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether solution was applied with a pH of 4.5 and 9.0, respectively. The stability of cross-linked dermal matrix was observed by measuring the shrinkage temperature and the degradation rates. The cross- and non-cross linked dermis were placed in the rat abdomen and obtained after 8, 12 and 16 weeks. Results: The shrinkage temperature significantly increased and the degradation rate significantly decreased, compared to the control(p<0.05). All of cross-linked dermises were observed grossly in 16 weeks, but most of non-cross linked dermis were absorbed in 8 weeks. Histologically, the control group ADM was found to have been infiltrated with fibroblasts and most of dermal stroma were transformed into the host collagen fibers. However, infiltration of fibroblasts in the experiment was insignificant and the original collagen structure was intact. Conclusion: Collagen cross-linking increases the structural stability and decreases degradation of acellular dermis. Therefore, decrease in body absorption and increase in duration can be expected.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 1994

심장사상충 자충이 합성한 당단백의 분지(분지) 역할을 하는 N-linked high mannose 타입 올리고당의 구조에 대한 조사를 수행하였다. 사상충 자충을 방사선 표식 2-[$^3H$] mmannose를 함유한 배지에서 24시간 배양하였다. 자충으로부터 분리 정제한 당단백을 pronate로 소화시킨 다음. concanavalin A-Sepharose 크로마토그라피하여 분획하였다. 37%의 mannose가 자충 대사에 이용되었으며 pectin chromatography를 사용하여 high mannose 타입의 올리고당을 회수하였다. 이 올리고당을 $endo-{\beta}-N-acetylglucosaminidase$ H 효소로 소화시킨 후 HPLC를 사용하여 highmannose 타입 올리고당의 구성을 분석하였다. 심장사상충 자충이 합성한 high mannose 타입 올리고당의 형태는 $Man_5GIcNAc_2,{\;}Man_6GIcNAc_2,{\;}Man_7GIcNAc_2과{\;}Man_8GlcNAc_2$로 확인되었다. 이와 같이 심장사상충 자충이 체내 합성한 high mannose 타입 올리고당이 일반 척추동물이 체내 합성한 high mannose 타입 올리고당과 구조적으로 일치하였다.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.520-524
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• 2006

Ibuprofen-loaded gelatin microcapsule, a solid form of microcapsules simultaneously containing ethanol and ibuprofen in water-soluble gelatin shell was previously reported to improve the dissolution of drug. In this study, to retard the initial high dissolution of ibuprofen from gelatin microcapsule, the ibuprofen-loaded cross-linked gelatin microcapsule was prepared by treating an ibuprofen-loaded gelatin microcapsule with glutaraldehyde and its dissolution was evaluated compared to ibuprofen powder and gelatin microcapsule. The ibuprofen-loaded crosslinked microcapsule treated with glutaraldehyde for 10 and 60 sec gave significantly higher dissolution rates than did ibuprofen powder. Furthermore, the dissolution rate of ibuprofen from the cross-linked microcapsule treated for 10 sec was similar to that from gelatin microcapsule. However, the dissolution rate of ibuprofen from the cross-linked microcapsule treated for 60 sec decreased significantly compared to gelatin microcapsule, suggesting that the treatment of gelatin microcapsule with glutaraldehyde for 60 sec could cross-link the gelatin microcapsule. Furthermore, the cross-linking of gelatin microcapsule markedly retarded the release rate of ibuprofen in pH 1.2 simulated gastric fluid compared to gelatin microcapsule. However, the cross-linking of gelatin microcapsule with glutaraldehyde hardly changed the size of gelatin microcapsules, ethanol and ibuprofen contents encapsulated in gelatin microcapsule. Thus, the ibuprofen-loaded cross-linked gelatin microcapsule could retard the initial high dissolution of poorly water-soluble ibuprofen.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.83-86
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 수처리 시설용 광대역 통합망 연계 실시간 계측관리 시스템 UI 개발을 제안한다. 수처리시설용 광대역 통합망을 통해 서버로 수신된 센서 및 영상 데이터를 Web과 연동하기 위한 프로그램을 개발하며, 이와 별도로 독립적으로 운영이 가능한 UI를 개발한다. 전송된 센서 및 영상데이터를 원격 모니터링 하기 위한 웹 서버를 구축하며 센서 데이터, 영상 데이터를 Web기반의 UI를 통해 감시 및 제어가 가능하도록 개발하였다. 제안하는 수처리 시설용 광대역 통합망 연계형 실시간 계측관리 시스템을 통하여 센서를 통한 측정시간, 농도, 수심 계면 등의 현재 상태를 파악할 수 있으며 영상 모니터링을 통하여 실시간으로 수처리 시설의 정상적인 동작여부와 보안 및 화재 등의 인명피해 여부를 확인 할 수 있다. 뿐만 아니라 실시간 계측 관리 시스템을 실시간으로 모니터링 할 수 있는 UI 개발로 인해 실시간으로 정보를 한눈에 볼 수 있다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.87-104
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• 2015

Purpose: To assess real-world treatment patterns, health care utilization, costs, and survival among Medicare enrollees with locally advanced/unresectable or metastatic gastric cancer receiving standard first-line chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database (2000~2009). The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) first diagnosed with locally advanced/unresectable or metastatic gastric cancer between July 1, 2000 and December 31, 2007 (first diagnosis defined the index date); (2) ${\geq}65$ years of age at index; (3) continuously enrolled in Medicare Part A and B from 6 months before index through the end of follow-up, defined by death or the database end date (December 31, 2009), whichever occurred first; and (4) received first-line treatment with fluoropyrimidine and/or a platinum chemotherapy agent. Results: In total, 2,583 patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean age at index was $74.8{\pm}6.0years$. Over 90% of patients died during follow-up, with a median survival of 361 days for the overall post-index period and 167 days for the period after the completion of first-line chemotherapy. The mean total gastric cancer-related cost per patient over the entire post-index follow-up period was United States dollar (USD) $70,808{\pm}56,620$. Following the completion of first-line chemotherapy, patients receiving further cancer-directed treatment had USD 25,216 additional disease-related costs versus patients receiving supportive care only (P<0.001). Conclusions: The economic burden of advanced gastric cancer is substantial. Extrapolating based on published incidence estimates and staging distributions, the estimated total disease-related lifetime cost to Medicare for the roughly 22,200 patients expected to be diagnosed with this disease in 2014 approaches USD 300 millions.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.253-262
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• 2022

We aimed to review the current data composition of the Korean Tuberculosis and Post-Tuberculosis Cohort, which was constructed by linking the Korean Tuberculosis Surveillance System (KNTSS; established and operated by the Korean Disease Control and Prevention Agency since 2000) and the National Health Information Database (NHID; established by the National Health Insurance Service in 2012). The following data were linked: KNTSS data pertaining to patients diagnosed with tuberculosis between 2011 and 2018, NHID data of patients with a history of tuberculosis and related diseases between 2006 and 2018, and data (obtained from the Statistics Korea database) on causes of death. Data from 300 117 tuberculosis patients (177 206 men and 122 911 women) were linked. The rate of treatment success for new cases was highest in 2015 (86.7%), with a gradual decrease thereafter. The treatment success rate for previously treated cases showed an increasing trend until 2014 (79.0%) and decreased thereafter. In total, 53 906 deaths were confirmed among tuberculosis patients included in the cohort. The Korean Tuberculosis and Post-Tuberculosis Cohort can be used to analyze different measurement variables in an integrated manner depending on the data source. Therefore, these cohort data can be used in future epidemiological studies and research on policy-effect analysis, treatment outcome analysis, and health-related behaviors such as treatment discontinuation.