• Title/Summary/Keyword: Linkage Model

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Further Evidence of Linkage at the tva and tvc Loci in the Layer Lines and a Possibility of Polyallelism at the tvc Locus

  • Ghosh, A.K.;Pani, P.K.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.18 no.5
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    • pp.601-605
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    • 2005
  • Three lines of White Leghorn (WL) chickens (IWJ, IWG and IWC) maintained at Central Avian Research Institute, Izatnagar (UP), were used for chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and liver tumour (LT) assay. Eleven-day-old embryos of each line were partitioned into three groups and inoculated with 0.2 ml of subgroup A, subgroup C and an equal mixture of subgroup A and C Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). Subgroup virus receptor on the cell surface membrane for subgroup A is coded for by tumour virus a (tva) locus and for subgroup C by tumour virus c (tvc) locus. The random association of the genes at the tva and tvc loci in IWJ and IWC line was assessed and the $x^2$-values for phenotypic classes were found to be significant, indicating the linkage between the tva and tvc loci. The linkage value was estimated to be 0.09 on pooled sex and pooled line basis. On the basis of four subclass tumour phenotypes a 4-allele model was proposed for tva locus having $a^{s1}$, $a^{s2}$, $a^{r1}$ and $a^{r2}$ alleles and the frequencies were calculated as 0.47, 0.13, 0.13 and 0.27 for IWJ line, 0.31, 0.33, 0.14 and 0.22 for IWG line and 0.44, 0.11, 0.21 and 0.24 for IWC line, respectively. Similarly, for tvc locus the frequencies of four alleles i.e. $c^{s1}$, $c^{s2}$, $c^{r1}$ and $c^{r2}$ were calculated as 0.42, 0.20, 0.21 and 0.17 for IWJ line, 0.42, 0.17, 0.27 and 0.14 for IWG line and 0.30, 0.21, 0.16 and 0.33 for IWC line, respectively. The $x^2$-values for all classes of observations were not significant (p>0.05), indicating a good fit to the 4-allele model for the occurrence of 4-subclass tumour phenotypes for tva and tvc loci. On the basis of the 2-allele model both tva and tvc locus carries three genotypes each. But, on the basis of the 4-allele model tva and tvc locus carries 10 genotypes each. The interaction between A-resistance and C-resistance (both CAM and LT death) was ascertained by taking the 10 genotypes of tva locus and 3 genotypes of tvc locus by pooling the lines and partitioning the observations into 3 classes. The $x^2$-values for the genotypic classes of CAM (-) LT (+) and CAM (-) LT (-) phenotypes to mixed virus (A+C) infection were found to be highly significant (p<0.01), indicating increased resistance, which indicates the joint segregation of $a^r$ and $c^r$ genes, suggesting the existence of close linkage between the tva and tvc loci. Therefore, an indirect selection approach using subgroup C viruses can be employed to generate stocks resistant to subgroup A LLV, obviating contamination with the most common agent causing LL in field condition.

Instantaneous Torque Control of Brushless Direct Drive Motor With Linkage Flux Estimation (쇄교자속 추정에 의한 브러쉬없는 직접 구동용 전동기의 순시 토오크제어)

  • Kim, Hyun-Soo;Chung, Se-Kyo;Kim, Kyeong-Hwa;Youn, Myung-Joong
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1996.07a
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    • pp.574-577
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    • 1996
  • In order to reduce the torque pulsation caused by non-sinusoidal flux distribution of the brushless direct drive motor(BLDDM), a new torque control technique is proposed. The linkage flux of the BLDDM is first estimated by using the model reference adaptive system (MRAS) technique and the instantaneous torque of the BLDDM is then estimated from the mathematical model including this estimated linkage flux. By using the estimated instantaneous torque of the BLDDM, the minor torque control loop to suppress the undesirable torque pulsation is designed. To show the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, the simulations and experiments are carried out for the DSP-based BLDDM drive system with a power rate of 120W. It is well demonstrated from these results that the torque and speed control performance of the BLDDM is much improved by employing the proposed control scheme.

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Comparison between Atmospheric Chemistry Model and Observations Utilizing the RAQMS-CMAQ Linkage, Part II : Impact on PM2.5 Mass Concentrations Simulated

  • Lee, DaeGyun
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.8 no.2
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    • pp.108-114
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    • 2014
  • In the companion paper (Lee et al., 2012), it was showed that CMAQ simulation using a lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) derived from RAQMS-CMAQ linkage, compared to the CMAQ results with the default CMAQ LBCs, improved ozone simulations in the conterminous US domain. In the present paper, the study is extended to investigate the influence of LBCs on PM2.5 simulation. MM5-SMOKE-CMAQ modeling system was used for meteorological field generation, emissions preparation and air quality simulations, respectively. Realtime Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) model assimilated with satellite observations were used to generate the CMAQ-ready LBCs. CMAQ PM2.5 simulations with RAQMS LBCs and predefined LBCs were compared with U.S. EPA Air Quality System (AQS) measurements. Mean PM2.5 lateral boundary conditions taken from RAQMS outputs showed strong variations both in the horizontal grid and vertical layers in the northern and western boundaries and affected the results of CMAQ PM2.5 predictions. CMAQ with RAQMS LBCs could improve CMAQ PM2.5 predictions resulting in the improvement of index of agreement from 0.38 to 0.63.

Input-Output Analysis of Service Robot Industry (서비스 로봇산업의 산업연관분석)

  • Seong-eun Ryu;In-Jae Jeong
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.45 no.4
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    • pp.142-149
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    • 2022
  • This study attempts to analyze the economic impact of the service robot industry using Input-Output analysis, which is conducted based on Demand-driven model, the Leontief price model, the Backward and Forward Linkage Effects, and the Exogenous Methods. In a Demand-driven model analysis, we can conclude that the service robot industry contains characteristics of both the manufacturing industry and the service industry, which causes a positive impact on the overall industry by compensating for the weaknesses of the two industries. The Leontief price analysis indicates when wages in the service robot industry increase, prices related to robot manufacturing also increase. Also, when profits in the service robot industry increase, prices related to service provision increase, too. The Backward and Forward Linkage Effects analysis shows that the service robot industry is highly sensitive to the current economic condition and has a great influence on the service industry. The service robot industry can highlight the aspect of service characteristics when the manufacturing industry is in recession and vice versa. In addition, the service robot industry can be regarded as a value-adding and domestic economy promoting industry which utilizes knowledge of information and communication technologies. It is important to foster the service robot industry in South Korea, which is in economic recession to provide an opportunity to stimulate the growth of both service and robot industries.

Multiple Linkage Disequilibrium Mapping Methods to Validate Additive Quantitative Trait Loci in Korean Native Cattle (Hanwoo)

  • Li, Yi;Kim, Jong-Joo
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.28 no.7
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    • pp.926-935
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    • 2015
  • The efficiency of genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) depends on power of detection for quantitative trait loci (QTL) and precision for QTL mapping. In this study, three different strategies for GWAS were applied to detect QTL for carcass quality traits in the Korean cattle, Hanwoo; a linkage disequilibrium single locus regression method (LDRM), a combined linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis (LDLA) and a $BayesC{\pi}$ approach. The phenotypes of 486 steers were collected for weaning weight (WWT), yearling weight (YWT), carcass weight (CWT), backfat thickness (BFT), longissimus dorsi muscle area, and marbling score (Marb). Also the genotype data for the steers and their sires were scored with the Illumina bovine 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) chips. For the two former GWAS methods, threshold values were set at false discovery rate <0.01 on a chromosome-wide level, while a cut-off threshold value was set in the latter model, such that the top five windows, each of which comprised 10 adjacent SNPs, were chosen with significant variation for the phenotype. Four major additive QTL from these three methods had high concordance found in 64.1 to 64.9Mb for Bos taurus autosome (BTA) 7 for WWT, 24.3 to 25.4Mb for BTA14 for CWT, 0.5 to 1.5Mb for BTA6 for BFT and 26.3 to 33.4Mb for BTA29 for BFT. Several candidate genes (i.e. glutamate receptor, ionotropic, ampa 1 [GRIA1], family with sequence similarity 110, member B [FAM110B], and thymocyte selection-associated high mobility group box [TOX]) may be identified close to these QTL. Our result suggests that the use of different linkage disequilibrium mapping approaches can provide more reliable chromosome regions to further pinpoint DNA makers or causative genes in these regions.

Analysis of the Linkage Effect by Component Technology in Low Impact Development Facilities (저영향개발 시설의 요소기술별 연계 효과 분석)

  • Baek, Jongseok;Lee, Sangjin;Shin, Hyunsuk;Kim, Jaemoon;Kim, Hyungsan
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.35-42
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    • 2019
  • Urbanization has led to extreme changes in land use on urban watersheds. Most cities are becoming residential, commercial and industrial areas, making infiltration and storage of rainfall less favorable. The demand for LID (Low Impact Development) technology is increasing in order to mitigate this water cycle distortion and return to existing hydrological conditions. The LID technique is effective in reducing runoff by permeating the urban impervious area. However, considering the limit of the installation area and the financial requirement of the installation, there is not much research on the linkage of each LID component technology for optimum efficiency according to the appropriate scale. In this study, the effects of the LID facilities applied to the target site were simulated using the SWMM model, suggesting the optimal linkage method considering interconnectivity, and applying the effects as an existing installation of individual facilities. The water balance at the time of application of the LID technology, short-term and long-term rainfall event were compared. Also, the individual application and the linkage application were compared with each other. If each component technology has sufficient processing size, then linkage application is more effective than individual application.

A Study About Distribution Automation System Based on CIM (CIM 기반의 Distribution Automation System에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Hee-Joo;Seo, Jeong-Il;Han, Ju-Hyun
    • The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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    • v.60 no.5
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    • pp.913-920
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    • 2011
  • Distribution systems for operating the various systems should be operated organically. Distribution systems for organic operations extend the functionality of the system and system integration for the extension is doing. However, in systems integration for each unique non-standard definition of linkage and exchange systems are used. Non-standard definition of a unique linkage and exchange systems in the maintenance and expansion will result in many negative results. To solve these problems, the system and the exchange of information about the links between systems should define standards. IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) power to solve these problems in the field of the Common Information Model (Common Information Model, CIM) standard (IEC61970, IEC61968) is defined as the transmission and distribution system integration and standardization for the exchange of information. In this paper, standardized system for building CIM-based distribution automation system should describe the process of building. In addition, the process of establishing a common information model needed (CIM) defined and associated services for a defined set of models is proposed in the standardization process.

A Operation Characteristic Analysis of SRM with Nonlinear Magnetic Circuit Effect (자기회로의 비선형성을 고려한 SRM의 운전 특성 해석)

  • Choi Kyeong-Ho;Baik Won-Sik;Kim Dong-Hee;Kim Min-Huei
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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    • 2004.07b
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    • pp.940-943
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    • 2004
  • This Paper analysis variable characteristics of inductance profiles and basic magnetic fields for Switched Reluctance Motors(SRM). The varying Inductance and flux linkage on operating control condition are very important for developing control algorithm and SRM accurate drive system. Therefore, we have analytical model for varying inductance and flux linkage with simulation and experimental method, and to find an analytical expression for the SRM coenergy. There are shown some good results that comparison of simulated and analytical inductance, flux linkage and current waves.

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What Drives the Stock Market Comovements between Korea and China, Japan and the U.S.?

  • Lee, Jinsoo;Yu, Bok-Keun
    • KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.45-66
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    • 2018
  • This paper measures the extent of comovements in stock returns between Korea and three major countries (China, Japan and the U.S.) using industry-level data for Korea from 2003 to 2016 in the spirit of the international capital asset pricing model. It also examines what drives the comovements between Korea and the three countries. We find that the comovements of Korean stock returns with those of the U.S. and Japan became smaller after the global financial crisis. In contrast, the comovement in stock returns between Korea and China became larger after the crisis. After an additional analysis, we conclude that trade linkage is the main driver of the comovements between Korea and the three countries.

Detection of QTL on Bovine X Chromosome by Exploiting Linkage Disequilibrium

  • Kim, Jong-Joo
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • v.21 no.5
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    • pp.617-623
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    • 2008
  • A fine-mapping method exploiting linkage disequilibrium was used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) on the X chromosome affecting milk production, body conformation and productivity traits. The pedigree comprised 22 paternal half-sib families of Black-and-White Holstein bulls in the Netherlands in a grand-daughter design for a total of 955 sons. Twenty-five microsatellite markers were genotyped to construct a linkage map on the chromosome X spanning 170 Haldane cM with an average inter-marker distance of 7.1 cM. A covariance matrix including elements about identical-by-descent probabilities between haplotypes regarding QTL allele effects was incorporated into the animal model, and a restricted maximum-likelihood method was applied for the presence of QTL using the LDVCM program. Significance thresholds were obtained by permuting haplotypes to phenotypes and by using a false discovery rate procedure. Seven QTL responsible for conformation types (teat length, rump width, rear leg set, angularity and fore udder attachment), behavior (temperament) and a mixture of production and health (durable prestation) were detected at the suggestive level. Some QTL affecting teat length, rump width, durable prestation and rear leg set had small numbers of haplotype clusters, which may indicate good classification of alleles for causal genes or markers that are tightly associated with the causal mutation. However, higher maker density is required to better refine the QTL position and to better characterize functionally distinct haplotypes which will provide information to find causal genes for the traits.