• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.295-318
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to analyze the intellectual structure of reading studies by using Co-Word Analysis based on the mixed weight in which the level of academic journals and the position of keywords are calculated. To achieve it, 838 academic articles relating to reading studies from KCI during the period from 2003 to 2012 were retrieved and 56 keywords were extracted. The results of clustering analysis, MDS, network analysis are that the network based on the mixed weight has a better performance in above three methods and reading studies can be divided into 4 bigger divisions and 11 subdivisions. Finally, the result of document analysis shows reading studies changes its research tendency from theoretical studies to empirical studies.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.289-296
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• 2010

Aldose reductase (AR), the principal enzyme of the polyol pathway, has been shown to play an important role in the development of the diabetic complications. Evaluating natural sources for ARI potential may lead to the development of safer and more effective agents against diabetic complications. Sixty four Chinese herbal medicines have been investigated for inhibitory activities on AR. Among them, thirteen herbal medicines, Inula helianthus-aquatilis C. Y. Wu ex Ling. (whole plant), Erigeron breviscapus (Vant.) Hand. Mazz. (whole plant), Lonicera hypoglauca Miq. (leaf, stem), Scutellaria orthocalyx Hang. Mazz. (whole plant), Berchemia floribunda Brongn. (leaf, stem), Michelia alba DC. (flower), Oroxylum indicum (seed), Punica granatum L. (peel), Elsholtzia capituligera (whole plant), Trachelospermum jasminoides (Lindl.) Lem. (whole plant), Elsholtzia strobilifera Benth. (whole plant), Agrimonia pilosa var. nepalensis (D. Don) Nakai (whole plant) and Aster poliothamnus Diels (whole plant) exhibited a significant inhibitory activity against AR. Particularly, Inula helianthus-aquatilis C. Y. Wu ex Ling. showed seven times more potent inhibitory activity than the positive control, 3,3-tetramethyleneglutaric acid (TMG).

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2014

Objectives : We can discover 'Madohyeobyeong(馬刀挾癭)' and 'Madohyeobyeong(馬刀挾纓)' in LingShu(靈樞). But the meaning of them are not clear. Especially mean of 'Mado(馬刀)' is thoroughly confused. Someone had regarded 'Mado' as a neck region of human body, someone had regarded 'Mado' as a lump of neck region, the others had regarded that mean of 'Mado' is 'longish'. So we would like to find out clear mean of 'Maso'. Methods : We have found out examples of 'Mado' from ancient books and recent research. We have used books in the field of acupuncture, moxibustion and surgery(YangYiDaQuan(瘍醫大 全), WaiKeDaCheng(外科大成), HuangDiNeiJingLingShu(黃帝內經靈樞), ZhenJiuDaQuan(鍼灸大全), ZhenJiuDaCheng(鍼灸大成), WaiKeLiLi(外科理例), ZhenJiuWenDui(鍼灸問對), WaiKeQuanShengJi (外科 全生集), etc.). Results & Conclusions : Generally part of speech of 'Mado' is adjective. So 'Mado' plays the role of modifying shape of lump and abscess. In some cases, 'Mado' had used as abbreviation of longish shaped skin disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6729-6734
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• 2015

Background: To analyze the mortality distribution of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in China from 1991 to 2013, to predict the mortality in the ensuing five years, and to provide evidence for prevention and treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Mortality data for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma in China from 1991 to 2013 were used to describe its epidemiological characteristics, such as the change of the standardized mortality rate, sex and age differences, urban-rural differences. Trend-surface analysis was used to study the geographical distribution of the mortality. Curve estimation, time series, gray modeling, and joinpoint regression were used to predict the mortality for the ensuing five years in the future. Results: In China, the standardized mortality rate of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma increased with time from 1996, reaching the peak values of $1.45/10^5$ at the year of 2002, and decreased gradually afterwards. With males being 1.51 times higher than females, and the city had a higher rate than the rural during the past two decades. The mortality rate increased from age 40. Geographical analysis showed the mortality rate increased from middle to southern China. Conclusions: The standardized mortality rate of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma is falling. The regional disease control for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma should be focused on Guangdong province of China, and the key targets for prevention and treatment are rural men, especially after the age of 40. The mortality of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma will decrease in the next five years.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6391-6396
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• 2015

Background: To analyze cervical cancer mortality trends in China from 1991-2013 and forecast the mortality distribution in future five years (2014-2018), and provide clues for prevention and treatment. Materials and Methods: Mortality data for cervical cancer in China from 1991 to 2013 were used to describe the epidemiological characteristics and distribution, including the trend of the standardized mortality rate, urban-rural differences, and age variation. Trend-surface analysis was used to analyze the geographical distribution of mortality. Curve estimation, time series, gray modeling, and joinpoint regression were performed to predict and forecast mortality trends. Results: In recent years, the mortality rate of cervical cancer has increased, and there is also a steady increase in the incidence from 2003 to 2013 in China. Mortality rates in rural areas are higher than in urban areas. The mortality dramatically increases in the 40+ yr age group, reaching a peak in the >85 yr age group. In addition, geographical analysis showed that the cervical cancer mortality increased from the southwest to west-central and from the southeast to northeast of the country. Conclusions: The incidence rate and the mortality rate are increasing from 1991 to 2013, and the predictions show this will continue in the future. Thus, implementation of prevention and management programs for cervical cancer are necessary in China, especially for rural areas, young women in urban areas, and high risk regions (the west-central).

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7553-7558
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• 2014

The Piwi subfamily comprises two argonaute (Ago) family proteins, which are defined by the presence of PAZ and Piwi domains, with well known roles in RNA silencing. Hiwi, a human Piwi subfamily member, has been shown to play essential roles in stem cell self-renewal and gametogenesis. Recently, accumulating reports have indicated that abnormal hiwi expression is associated with poorer prognosis of multiple types of human cancers, including examples in the breast. However, little is known about details of the oncogenic role of hiwi in breast cancers. In present study, we confirmed overexpression of hiwi in breast cancer specimens and breast cancer cell lines at both mRNA and protein levels. Thus both RT-qPCR and Western blot data revealed significantly higher hiwi in intratumor than peritumor specimens, overexpression being associated with tumor size, lymph node metastasis and histological grade. Hiwi overexpression was also identified in breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, and gain-of-function and loss-of-function strategies were adopted to identify the role of hiwi in the MCF-7 cell growth. Results demonstrated that hiwi expression in MCF-7 cells was significantly up- or down-regulated by the two strategies. We next evaluated the influence of hiwi overexpression or knockdown on the growth of breast cancer cells. Both cell count and colony formation assays confirmed promoting roles of hiwi in MCF-7 cells, which could be inhibited by hiwi specific blockage by siRNAs. In summary, the present study confirmed overexpression of hiwi in breast cancer specimens and breast cancer cell lines, and provided e vidence of promotion by hiwi of cell growth. The results imply an oncogenic role of hiwi in breast cancers.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.18
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• pp.7611-7615
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• 2014

Aims: To prepare 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) nanoparticles with higher encapsulation efficiency and drug loading, and then investigate interaction with the SGC-7901 gastric cancer cell line. Materials and Methods: Prescription was optimized by orthogonal experiments, the encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity were tested by high-performance liquid chromatography, and inhibition of proliferation by 5-Fu nanoparticles and 5-Fu given to cells for 24, 48 and 72 hours was investigated by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay (MTT). In addition, 5-Fu nanoparticles were labeled by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), and absorption into cells was tested by flow cytometry. Results: The optimal conditions for preparation were concentrations of 5-Fu of 5mg/ml, of $CaCl_2$ of 60 mg/ml and of chitosan of 2 mg/ml. With a stirring speed of 1200rpm, encapsulation efficiency of 5-Fu nanoparticles was $55.4{\pm}1.10%$ and loading capacity was $4.22{\pm}0.14%$; gastric cancer cells were significantly inhibited by 5-Fu nanoparticles in a time and concentration dependent manner, and compared to 5-Fu with slower drug release, in a certain concentration range, inhibition with 5-Fu nanoparticles was stronger. 5-Fu nanoparticles were absorbed by the cells in line with the concentration. Conclusions: 5-Fu nanoparticles can inhibit growth of gastric cancer cells in vitro to a greater extent than with 5-Fu with good adsorption characteristics, supporting feasibility as a carrier.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.165-170
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• 2016

Background: Nurses are the most visible, frontline personnel providing health education to patients. In particular, nurse experience with Pap examinations have the potential to influence women's attitudes toward screening for cervical cancer. However, nurses in Taiwan have lower rates of Pap testing than the general population. Understanding the factors predicting nurse intent to have a Pap exam and Pap exam status would inform interventions and policies to increase their Pap exam uptake. Therefore, the present study was undertaken. Materials and Methods: Data were collected by questionnaire from a convenient sample of 504 nurses at a regional hospital in central Taiwan between August and October 2011 and analyzed by descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, and logistic regression. Results: Nurse intention to have a Pap exam was predicted by younger age, less negative attitudes toward Pap exams, and greater influence of others recommendations. However, nurses were more likely to actually have had a Pap exam if they were older, married, had sexual experience, and had a high intention to have a Pap exam. Conclusions: Nurses who are younger than 34 years old, unmarried, sexually inexperienced, and with low intention to have a Pap exam should be targeted with interventions to educate them not only about the importance of Pap exams in detecting cervical cancer, but also about strategies to decrease pain and embarrassment during exams. Nurses with less negative attitudes and experiences related to Pap exams would serve as role models to persuade women to have Pap exams, thus increasing the uptake rate of Pap exams in Taiwan.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4393-4399
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• 2015

Background: To explore the independent prognostic factors for the recurrence/metastasis of patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LANPC). Materials and Methods: A total of 604 patients initially diagnosed as LANPC by pathohistology in Fujian Provincial Cancer Hospital were selected to analyze the relationship between the clinical pathological patterns, therapeutic protocols and clinical stages with the recurrence/metastasis of LANPC. Results: The 1-, 3- and 5-year locoregionally recurrent rates of LANPC patients were 2.0%, 9.5% and 12.9% respectively, with average recurrent period being 78 months. Univariate analysis results indicated that clinical stages had certain influence on the recurrent period of LANPC patients. However, COX regression models showed that ages, genders and clinical stages were not the independent prognostic factors influencing the recurrence. The 1-, 3- and 5-year metastatic rates of LANPC patients were 6.6%, 17.5% and 18.8% respectively, with average metastatic period of 73 months. Univariate analysis results demonstrated that ages, N stages, clinical stages, locations of lymph node, retropharyngeal lymph node and extracapsular invasion of lymph node had certain influence on the metastatic period of LANPC patients. Additionally, further COX regression analysis results suggested that T stages, reduction protocols and extracapsular invasion of lymph node were the independent prognostic factors influencing the metastasis of patients with LANPC, in which T stages and extracapsular invasion of lymph node were the pestilent factors while reduction protocols the protective factor. Conclusions: Induction chemotherapy is beneficial to LANPC patients with initial treatment, and the metastatic rate decreases greatly after the application of reduction chemotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.2031-2037
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• 2012

Background: Analysis of gene-gene and gene-environment interactions for complex multifactorial human disease faces challenges regarding statistical methodology. One major difficulty is partly due to the limitations of parametric-statistical methods for detection of gene effects that are dependent solely or partially on interactions with other genes or environmental exposures. Based on our previous case-control study in Chongqing of China, we have found increased risk of colorectal cancer exists in individuals carrying a novel homozygous TT at locus rs1329149 and known homozygous AA at locus rs671. Methods: In this study, we proposed statistical method-crossover analysis in combination with logistic regression model, to further analyze our data and focus on assessing gene-environmental interactions for colorectal cancer. Results: The results of the crossover analysis showed that there are possible multiplicative interactions between loci rs671 and rs1329149 with alcohol consumption. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis also validated that loci rs671 and rs1329149 both exhibited a multiplicative interaction with alcohol consumption. Moreover, we also found additive interactions between any pair of two factors (among the four risk factors: gene loci rs671, rs1329149, age and alcohol consumption) through the crossover analysis, which was not evident on logistic regression. Conclusions: In conclusion, the method based on crossover analysis-logistic regression is successful in assessing additive and multiplicative gene-environment interactions, and in revealing synergistic effects of gene loci rs671 and rs1329149 with alcohol consumption in the pathogenesis and development of colorectal cancer.