• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 합성보의 부착슬립 효과를 고려할 수 있는 유한요소 수치모델을 제안하고자 한다. 전단연결재가 설치된 슬래브와 거더 경계에서 선형 전단력-슬립 관계를 가정하여, 부착슬립 거동을 해석할 수 있는 수치모델이 구현되었다. 본 수치모델을 통하여 축 방향의 자유도를 부가하지 않고 2절점의 보 요소를 적용하여 합성보 경계에서의 슬립 거동을 고려하는 것이 가능하다. 선형 부분전단 연결이론을 토대로 한 슬립 거동의 지배방정식은 슬래브와 거더 경계에서 힘의 평형상태와 단면 내에서 상수로 가정된 곡률을 바탕으로 결정된다. 또한, 지배방정식 구성에 있어서 요소 양 절점에서의 휨 모멘트 값을 필요로 하기 때문에 유한요소 해석으로 도출되는 상수 모멘트를 요소 내에서 선형으로 분포시켰다. 제안된 수치모델을 적용한 해석결과를 기존 연구의 수치해석 결과 및 실험결과와 비교하였으며, 하중-처짐 곡선의 비교를 통하여 본 모델의 성능을 검증하였다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.820-824
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• 2002

It is of importance to know that the bonding strength and interfacial stress of SOI wafer pairs to meet with mechanical and thermal stresses during process. We fabricated Si/2000$\AA$-SiO$_2$ ∥ 2000$\AA$-SiO$_2$/Si SOI wafer pairs with electric furnace annealing, rapid thermal annealing (RTA), and fast linear annealing (FLA), respectively, by varying the annealing temperatures at a given annealing process. Bonding strength and interfacial stress were measured by a razor blade crack opening method and a laser curvature characterization method, respectively. All the annealing process induced the tensile thermal stresses. Electrical furnace annealing achieved the maximum bonding strength at $1000^{\circ}C$-2 hr anneal, while it produced constant thermal tensile stress by $1000^{\circ}C$. RTA showed very small bonding strength due to premating failure during annealing. FLA showed enough bonding strength at $500^{\circ}C$, however large thermal tensile stress were induced. We confirmed that premated wafer pairs should have appropriate compressive interfacial stress to compensate the thermal tensile stress during a given annealing process.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.77-84
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• 2011

연속보를 대상으로 한 재료비선형 전달행렬법을 제시하였으며, Gauss-Lobatto 적분법을 사용하여 보의 강성행렬로부터 전달행렬을 도출한다. 전달행렬법에서는 유한요소해석법과는 달리 각 절점의 자유도 수에 상관없이 일정한 미지값만을 가지게 되므로 선형해석뿐만 아니라 비선형해석에서도 빠른 연산속도를 보인다. 연속보에 대한 비선형 해석의 적용 예를 통한 비교 결과, 재료비선형 전달행렬법이 변위-모멘트, 변위-하중, 곡률-모멘트의 관계에서 유한요소해석법에 비해 효율적인 것으로 평가되었다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.539-550
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• 2018

Concrete is highly non-linear material which is originating from the transition zone in the form of micro-cracks, governs material response under various loadings. In this paper, the constitutive models published by many researchers have been used to generate novel stiffness parameters and constitutive curves for concrete. Following such linear material formulations, where the energy is conservative during the curvature, and a nonlinear contribution to the concrete has been made and investigated. In which, nonlinear concrete elastic modulus modeling has been developed that is capable-of representing concrete elasticity for grades ranging from 10 to 140 MPa. Thus, covering the grades range of concrete up to the ultra-high strength concrete, and replacing many concrete models that are valid for narrow ranges of concrete strength grades. This has been followed by the introduction of the nonlinear Hooke's law for the concrete material through the replacement of the Young constant modulus with the nonlinear modulus. In addition, the concept of concrete elasticity index (${\varphi}$) has been proposed and this factor has been introduced to account for the degradation of concrete stiffness in compression under increased loading as well as the multi-stages micro-cracking behavior of concrete under uniaxial compression. Finally, a sub-routine artificial neural network model has been developed to capture the concrete behavior that has been introduced to facilitate the prediction of concrete properties under increased loading.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.527-538
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• 2018

Buckling of longitudinal bars is a brittle failure mechanism, often recorded in reinforced concrete (RC) structures after an earthquake. Studies in the literature highlights that it often occurs when steel is in the post elastic range, by inducing a modification of the engineered stress-strain law of steel in compression. A proper evaluation of this effect is of fundamental importance for correctly evaluating capacity and ductility of structures. Significant errors can be obtained in terms of ultimate bending moment and curvature ductility of an RC section if these effects are not accounted, as well as incorrect evaluations are achieved by non-linear static analyses. This paper presents a numerical investigation aiming to evaluate the engineered stress-strain law of reinforcing steel in compression, including second order effects. Non-linear FE analyses are performed under the assumption of local buckling. A role of key parameters is evaluated, making difference between steel with strain hardening or with perfectly plastic behaviour. Comparisons with experimental data available in the literature confirm the accuracy of the achieved results and make it possible to formulate recommendations for design purposes. Finally, comparisons are made with analytical formulations available in the literature and based on obtained results, a modification of the stress-strain law model of Dhakal and Maekawa (2002) is proposed for fitting the numerical predictions.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.95-110
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• 2019

The semi-active impact damper (SAID) is proposed to improve the damping efficiency of traditional passive impact dampers. In order to investigate its damping mechanism and vibration control effects on realistic engineering structures, a 20-story nonlinear benchmark building is used as the main structure. The studies on system parameters, including the mass ratio, damping ratio, rigid coefficient, and the intensity of excitation are carried out, and their effects both on linear and nonlinear indexes are evaluated. The damping mechanism is herein further investigated and some suggestions for the design in high-rise buildings are also proposed. To validate the superiority of SAID, an optimal passive particle impact damper ($PID_{opt}$) is also investigated as a control group, in which the parameters of the SAID remain the same, and the optimal parameters of the $PID_{opt}$ are designed by differential evolution algorithm based on a reduced-order model. The numerical simulation shows that the SAID has better control effects than that of the optimized passive particle impact damper, not only for linear indexes (e.g., root mean square response), but also for nonlinear indexes (e.g., component energy consumption and hinge joint curvature).

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제82권4호
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• pp.477-490
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• 2022

This article investigates the nonlinear behavior of two-directional functionally graded materials (TDFGM) doubly curved panels with porosities for the first time. An improved and effectual approach is established based on the improved first-order shear deformation shell theory (IFSDST) and von Karman's type nonlinearity. The IFSDST considers the effects of shear deformation without the need for a shear correction factor. The composition of TDFGM constitutes four different materials, and the modified power-law function is employed to vary the material properties continuously in both thickness and longitudinal directions. A nonlinear finite element method in conjunction with Hamilton's principle is used to obtain the governing equations. Then, the direct iterative method is incorporated to accomplish the numerical results using the frequency-amplitude, nonlinear central deflection relations. Finally, the influence of volume fraction grading indices, porosity distributions, porosity volume, curvature ratio, thickness ratio, and aspect ratio provides a thorough insight into the linear and nonlinear responses of the porous curved panels. Meanwhile, this study emphasizes the influence of the volume fraction gradation profiles in conjunction with the various material and geometrical parameters on the linear frequency, nonlinear frequency, and deflection of the TDFGM porous shells. The numerical analysis reveals that the frequencies and nonlinear deformations can be significantly regulated by changing the volume fraction gradation profiles in a specified direction with an appropriate combination of materials. Hence, TDFGM panels can overcome the drawbacks of the functionally graded materials with a gradation of properties in a single direction.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.337-346
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• 2017

Sandwich shells made of composite materials are the main focus on recent literature parallel to the requirements of industry. They are commonly chosen for the modern engineering applications which require moderate strength to weight ratio without dependence on conventional manufacturing techniques. The investigations on hyperbolic paraboloidal formed sandwich composite shells are limited in the literature contrary to shells that have a number of studies, consisting of doubly curved surfaces, arbitrary boundaries and laminations. Because of the lack of contributive data in the literature, the aim of this study is to present the effects of curvature on hyperbolic paraboloidal formed, layered sandwich composite surfaces that have arbitrary boundary conditions. Analytical solution methodology for the analyses of stresses and deformations is based on Third Order Shear Deformation Theory (TSDT). Double Fourier series, which are specialized for boundary discontinuity, are used to solve highly coupled linear partial differential equations. Numerical solutions showing the effects of shell geometry are presented to provide benchmark results.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2001년도 춘계학술대회논문집E
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• pp.576-581
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• 2001

When a liquid is supplied through a nozzle onto a relatively nonwetting inclined solid surface, a narrow rivulet forms. This work provides novel physical insights into the following phenomena in the rivulet flow that have not been well understood to date. Firstly, the fundamental mechanism behind the transition of a linear rivulet to a droplet flow is investigated. The experiments show that the droplet flow emerges due to the necking of a liquid thread near the nozzle. Based on the observation, it is argued that when the retraction velocity of a liquid thread exceeds its axial velocity, the bifurcation of the liquid thread occurs, and this argument is experimentally verified. Secondly, a discussion on the curved motion of a meandering rivulet is given. This study proposes the contact angle hysteresis as a primary origin of the centripetal force that enables the rivulet's curved motion A simple scaling analysis based on this assumption predicts a radius of curvature which agrees with the experimental observation.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2001년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.102-105
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• 2001

In this paper, the solution of two dimensional deflection of circular wavy elastica beam was obtained for one end clamped boundary and concentrated load condition. The beam was regarded as a linear elastic material. Wavy shape was described as a combination of half-circular arc smoothly connected each other with constant curvature of all the same magnitude and alternative sign. Also load direction was taken into account. As a result, the solution was expressed in terms of a series of integral equations. While we found the exact solutions and expressed them in terms of elliptic integrals, the recursive ignition formulae about the displacement and arc length at each segment of circular section were obtained. Algorithm of determining unknown parameters was established and the profile curve of deflected beam was shown compared with initial shape.