• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.32 no.1C
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• pp.16-22
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• 2007

This study proposes a new wavelet watermark technique based on the Linear Bit Expansion. To ensure the security of the watermark, enlarged watermark by applying linear bit expansion is inserted in a given intensity to a low frequency subband of the image which is wavelet transformed after the Arnold Transformation. When detecting the presence of watermart F norm function is applied unlike the existing methods. The experiment results verify that the proposed watermarking technique has outstanding quality in regards to fidelity and robustness.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.167-170
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• 2006

This study proposes a new wavelet watermark technique based on the Linear Bit Expansion. To ensure the security of the watermark, it is Amold Transformed before embedding. Then the wavelet transformation of watermark and original images is processed. Since the size of the watermark image is a quarter of the original site, it uses linear bit-expansion to enlarge the watermark image. Lastly, watermark is inserted in a given intensity to the corresponding low frequency subbands of the wavelet-transformed images proposed in this paper. When detecting the presence of watermark, the similarity between extracted watermark and the original watermark is compared applying the F norm function.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics B
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• v.33B no.2
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• pp.88-94
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• 1996

In this paper, we present a half rate speech coder using trellis excitation. The coder combines code-excited linear prediction (CELP) system and trellis quantization method using the codebook expansion, and it produces higher speech quality than the typical CELP coder for the same transmission rate. A subjective comparison with 3~8 bit .$\mu$-law PCM indicates that the half rate coder provides speech quality between 5-bit and 6-bit $\mu$-law PCM .

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.1828-1834
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• 2007

This study proposes a new digital watermarking technique based on wavelet transformation on color image. First the $YC_bC_r$ coordinates obtain from RGB color space. then, the correlation of watermark is decreased by Arnold transformation. Next, watermark which has been enlarged by Linear Bit-expansion is inserted at a given intensity in Color images' low frequency sub-bands. When detecting the presence of watermark, F-norm function is applied. As a result of the various experiments on color images, the proposed watermarking technique has outstanding quality in regards to fidelity and robustness.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.2023-2032
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• 1996

In this paper, we calculate average bit error probabilities of asynchronous hybrid DS/FH-SSMA systems in AWGN chnnel and nonselective Rayleigh fading channel. We analyze and compare the performance of systems in AWGN channel and Rayleigh fading channel by using linear correlation receiver and hard limiting correlation receiver(nonlinear correlation receiver). Binary PSK scheme is considered and random spreading code sequences and random hopping patterns are used. Bit error probabilities of the systems with/without near-far problem under the same bandwidth expansion are calculated. the result shows that the performance of hard limiting correlation receiver is better than that of linear correlation receiver over nonselective Rayleigh fading channel.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2015

This paper deals with analysis of armature reaction magnetic field of linear generator with three phases coreless/cored type concentrated winding. On the basis of a magnetic vector potential and Maxwell's equations, governing equations to predict armature reaction field are derived, and current density modeling is also performed analytically by using the Fourier series expansion. The analytical method used in this paper is confirmed by comparing with finite element analysis results.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.202-209
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• 2005

The rapid development of digital media and communication network urgently brings about the need of data certification technology to protect IPR (Intellectual property right). This paper proposed a new watermarking method for embedding owner's audio signal. Because this method uses an audio signal as a watermark to be embedded, it is very useful to claim the ownership aurally. And it has the advantage of restoring audio signal modified and especially removed by image removing attacks by applying our LBX(Linear Bit-expansion) interleaving. Three basic stages of our watermarking include: 1) Encode . analogue owner's audio signal by PCM and create new digital audio watermark, 2) Interleave an audio watermark by our LBX; and 3) Embed the interleaved audio watermark in the low frequency band on DTn (Discrete Haar Wavelet Transform) of image. The experimental results prove that this method is resistant to lossy JPEG compression as standard image compression and especially to cropping and rotation which remove a part of Image.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.1-7
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• 2004

The rapid growth of digital media and communication networks has created an urgent need for self-contained data identification methods to create adequate intellectual property right(IPR) protection technology. In this paper we propose a new watermarking method that could embed the gray-scale watermark logo in low frequency coefficients of discrete wavelet transform(DWT) domain as the marking space by using our Linear Bit-eXpansion(LBX) interleaving of gray-scale watermark, to use lots of watermark information without distortion of watermarked image quality and particularly to be robust against attack which could remove a part of image. Experimental results demonstrated the high robustness in particular against attacks such as image cropping and rotation which could remove a part of image.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2004.08c
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• pp.631-635
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• 2004

The rapid development of digital media and communication network urgently brings about the need of data certification technology to protect IPR (Intellectual property right). This paper proposed a new watermarking method for embedding contents owner's audio signal in order to protect color image IPR. Since this method evolves the existing static model and embeds audio signal of big data, it has the advantage of restoring signal transformed due to attacks. Three basic stages of watermarking include: 1) Encode analogue ID owner's audio signal using PCM and create new 3D audio watermark; 2) Interleave 3D audio watermark by linear bit expansion and 3) Transform Y signal of color image into wavelet and embed interleaved audio watermark in the low frequency band on the transform domain. The results demonstrated that the audio signal embedding in color image proposed in this paper enhanced robustness against lossy JPEG compression, standard image compression and image cropping and rotation which remove a part of image.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.258-264
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• 2012

Purpose: This review aims at introducing 3 modeling approaches classified into 3 categories based on the purpose (estimation or prediction), structure (linear or non-linear) and phase (steady-state or dynamic-state); 1) statistical approaches, 2) kinetic modeling and 3) mechanistic modeling. We hope that this review can be a useful guide in the model-based approach of calcium metabolism as well as illustrates an application of engineering tools in studying biosystems. Background: The meaning of biosystems has been expanded, including agricultural/food system as well as biological systems like genes, cells and metabolisms. This expansion has required a useful tool for assessing the biosystems and modeling has arisen as a method that satisfies the current inquiry. To suit for the flow of the era, examining the system which is a little bit far from the traditional biosystems may be interesting issue, which can enlarge our insights and provide new ideas for prospective biosystem-researches. Herein, calcium metabolic models reviewed as an example of application of modeling approaches into the biosystems. Review: Calcium is an essential nutrient widely involved in animal and human metabolism including bone mineralization and signaling pathways. For this reason, the calcium metabolic system has been studied in various research fields of academia and industries. To study calcium metabolism, model-based system analyses have been utilized according to the purpose, subject characteristics, metabolic sites of interest, and experimental design. Either individual metabolic pathways or a whole homeostasis has been modeled in a number of studies.