• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• no.6
• /
• pp.38-44
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this paper is to show that a shape pro-duced by natural factors such as weather, environments, etc., can be introduced into the emotion of a design, and to make a design process by planning a Korean image and characterizing its concept. Human beings, nature, man-made objects, and society have their own functions in an environmental structure. When all their functions are kept in working order, human beings come to discover orderliness out of which they can absorb pleasure. They cannot look into their own inside but they can trace back in their memories a variety of panoramic experiences which have been embed-ded onto their identity during their lifetime interactions with an empirical world. Children first acquire a way of cognition in the space, a comprehensive premise, connecting a specific place and an object of cognition. Such subconsciousness forms sky-lines of mountains, seas, and trees under the sky, and produces axis lines and beehived domes under the influ-ence of natural, cultural, and social factors, forming a folk culture. A subconscious composition of existential space is extended. A subconscious composition of existential space is extended to the areas of environmental design, product design, and fashion design. The development of a concept of place and space as a system is a necessary condition for discovering an existential foothold.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.192-196
• /
• 2005

Abstract Oligotrophic microbial fuel cells (MFCs) were tested for the continuous monitoring of low biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) by using artificial wastewater, containing glucose and glutamate, as check solution. Ten times diluted trace mineral solution was used to minimize the background current level, which is generated from the oxidation of nitrilotriacetate used as a chelating agent. The feeding rate of 0.53 ml/min could increase the sensitivity from 0.16 to 0.43 ${\mu}$A/(mg BOD/l) at 0.15 ml/min. The dynamic linear range of the calibration curve was between 2.0 and 10.0 mg BOD/l, and the response time to the change of 2 mg BOD/l was about 60 min. The current signal from an oligotroph-type MFCs increased with the increase in salts concentration, and the salt effect could be eliminated by 50 mM phosphate buffer.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.35 no.4B
• /
• pp.637-646
• /
• 2010

For 40 Gb/s data transmission through electrical backplane trace up to 40 inch length on four layer fire-resistant (FR-4), we have designed the 40 Gb/s backplane channel model consisting of four channel 10 Gb/s. Simulation results show an enhancement of backplane channel characteristics excellent more than requirements specified in IEEE P802.3ba at 10 Gb/s. This paper provides a review of the structures and algorithms used in receive and adaptive equalization for 40 Gb/s backplane Ethernet. The use of this backplane channel model could achieves better receive equalizer at great data rate than 10 Gb/s.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
• /
• v.11 no.2
• /
• pp.217-226
• /
• 1990

This paper presents a new algorithm that extracted lung region in X-ray and enhanced the region. With a lung region that was extracted by histogram threshold value, it was diffi cult to detect perfect lung boundary. Therefore we presented perfect lung boundary detection method using apex detection and apex region restoration. Also, by applying modified equalization algorithm and presented function to inside of lung region, we want to give help to automatic diagnosis In X-ray chest image. Presented main line trace algorithm gave good result in detection of lung boundary And, as apex detection method using lung row and column gray level average value found more correct place of lung than the rpethod of prior algorithm, we succeeded perfect lung region detection, Also, presented function that had lung region's gray level distribution characteristic was very effective to image enhancement.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
• /
• 2012.02a
• /
• pp.370-370
• /
• 2012

Feature size of Cu interconnects keep shrinking into several tens of nanometer level. For this reason, the Cu interconnects face challenging issues such as increase of electro-migration, line-width dependent electrical resistivity increase, and gap-filling difficulty in high aspect ratio structures. As the thickness of the Cu film decreases below 30 nm, the electrical resistivity is not any more constant, but rather exponential. Research on alloying with other elements have been started to inhibit such escalation in the electrical resistivity. A faint trace of Al added in Cu film by sputtering was reported to contribute to suppression of the increase of the electrical resistivity. From an industrial point of view, we introduced cyclic metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) in order to control Al concentration in the Cu film more easily by controlling the delivery time ratio of Cu and Al precursors. The amount of alloying element could be lowered at level of below 1 at%. Process of the alloy formation was applied into gap-filling to evaluate the performance of the gap-filling. Voidless gap-filling even into high aspect ratio trenches was achieved. In-depth analysis will be discussed in detail.

• International Journal of Control, Automation, and Systems
• /
• v.4 no.3
• /
• pp.372-381
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to develop a process management system to manage ingot fabrication and improve ingot quality. The ingot is the first manufactured material of wafers. Trace parameters were collected on-line but measurement parameters were measured by sampling inspection. The quality parameters were applied to evaluate the quality. Therefore, preprocessing was necessary to extract useful information from the quality data. First, statistical methods were used for data generation. Then, modeling was performed, using the generated data, to improve the performance of the models. The function of the models is to predict the quality corresponding to control parameters. Secondly, rule extraction was performed to find the relation between the production quality and control conditions. The extracted rules can give important information concerning how to handle the process correctly. The dynamic polynomial neural network (DPNN) and decision tree were applied for data modeling and rule extraction, respectively, from the ingot fabrication data.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.50.2-50.2
• /
• 2013

In the process of star formation, the density and temperature of associated material, which are the physical conditions for the molecular chemistry, vary dramatically. As a result, the connection between physical and chemical conditions has been used to trace the evolutionary stages in star formation. One chemical tracer for the physical conditions in star forming material is the [HCN]/[HNC] abundance ratio since the ratio strongly depends on the kinetic temperature in molecular clouds. Here we investigate the [HCN]/[HNC] abundance ratios in objects related to the massive star formation. For the investigation, we carried out $H^{13}CN$ and $HN^{13}C$ line observation toward objects in three different evolutionary stages of massive star formation: Infrared dark clouds (IRDCs), High-mass protostellar object (HMPOs), and Ultra-compact HII regions (UCHIIs). According to our observational results, both $H^{13}CN$ and $HN^{13}C$ lines have been detected toward 19 IRDCs, 25 HMPOs, and 31 UCHIIs. We will discuss about the [HCN]/[HNC] abundance ratios in different evolutionary stages of massive star formation and associate the results with the physical conditions of the targets.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartA
• /
• v.17A no.5
• /
• pp.213-220
• /
• 2010

In this paper, a mechanism connecting all input edges with minimum length through Steiner tree is proposed. Edges are convertible into communication lines, roads, railroads or trace of moving object. Proposed mechanism could be applied to connect these edges with minimum cost. In our experiments where input edge number and maximum connections per edge are used as input parameters, our mechanism made connection length decrease average 6.8%, while building time for a connecting solution increase average 192.0% comparing with the method using minimum spanning tree. The result shows our mechanism might be well applied to the applications where connecting cost is more important than building time for a connecting solution.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
• /
• v.16 no.3
• /
• pp.102-110
• /
• 1998

The horizontal fillet welding is prevalently used in heavy and ship building industries to fabricate the large scale structures. A deep understanding of the horizontal fillet welding process is restricted, because the phenomena occurring in welding are very complex and highly non-linear characteristics. To achieve the satisfactory weld bead geometry in robot welding system, the seam tracking algorithm should be reliable. The number of seam tracker was developed for arc welding automation by now. Among these seam tracker, the arc sensor is prevalently used in industrial robot welding system because of its low cost and flexibility. However, the accuracy of arc sensor would be decreased due to the electrical noise and metal transfer. In this study, the signal processing algorithm based on the neural network was implemented to enhance the reliability of measured welding current signals. Moreover, the seam tracking algorithm in conjunction with the signal processing algorithm was implemented to trace the center of weld line. It was revealed that the neural network could be effectively used to predict the welding current signal at the end of weaving.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.96-102
• /
• 2011

Simultaneous measurements using a scanning spectrograph system and transmissometer were performed for the first time over an urban site in Gwangju, Korea, to derive the ambient $NO_2$ volume mixing ratio. The differential slant column densities retrieved from the scanning spectrograph system were converted to volume mixing ratios using the light traveling distance along the scanning line of sight derived from the transmissometer light extinction coefficients. To assess the performance of this system, we compared the derived $NO_2$ volume mixing ratios with those measured by an in situ chemiluminescence monitor under various atmospheric conditions. For a cloudless atmosphere, the linear correlation coefficient (R) between the two data sets (i.e., data derived from the scanning spectrograph and from the in situ monitor) was 0.81; the value for a cloudy atmosphere was 0.69. The two sets of $NO_2$ volume mixing ratios were also compared for various wind speeds. We also consider the measurement errors, as estimated from an error propagation analysis.