• 한국기록관리학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.76-90
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• 2004

기록되는 정보가 축적되어 다양한 지식이 되고, 이를 원하는 사람에게 제공하는 전 과정이 기록관리이다. 호주의 기록관리 절차에 대한 정형화 및 표준화에 대하여 시드니 주립기록보존소(Sydney Records Center) 및 연방기록보존소를 포함한 각계각층의 사람들이 모여 개발한 기록관리 지침이 호주기록관리(Australian Standard Records Management, 이하 AS 4390이라 한다)이다. AS 4390을 기초로 하여 국제 기록관리 표준(ISO 15489)이 만들어졌다. 이 논문은 AS 4390을 모태로 하여 호주에서 활발하게 진행 중인 레코드키핑 시스템의 정의, 체제, 설계 및 실행지침, 메타데이터 항목개발 프로젝트 동향을 소개하면서, 아울러 호주 기록관리의 현안 사항인 시드니 주립기록보존소의 타뷰렘(Tabularium), 캔버라 연방기록보존소의 소장기록물 데이터베이스시스템인 CRS(Commonwealth Records Series) 및 호주정부 정보소재서비스(Australian Government Locator Service)등 각 시스템을 연동시키기 위하여 표준화의 중요성을 살펴보고자 한다. 한편 우리나라의 경우는 2005년부터 <공공기관의기록물관리에관한법률>에 의하여 의무적으로 자료관시스템과 전문관리기관 시스템을 사용하고 있으며, 각 시스템간 자료의 호환성을 갖추기 위해 국제 표준을 따르는 것이 바람직하다. 아울러 정부 부처별로 수행하는 업무 영역과 하위 업무에 대한 어휘통제용어사전을 하루바삐 만들어 자료 검색 시 효율성을 높여야 할 것이다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2015

본 논문에서는 디지털 논리회로의 개념학습을 위한 교육용 자바 애플릿을 설계방법을 제안하고 그에 대한 교육적인 유효성을 입증하기 위하여 학생 만족도 조사를 실시하였다. 제안된 교육용 자바 애플릿을 통하여 학습자들은 디지털 논리회로 실험과 관련된 개념과 원리, 가상실험장비, 그리고 가상 브레드 보드의 동작방법을 학습할 수 있다. 제안된 교육용 자바애플릿은 5개의 주요한 요소 즉, 디지털 논리회로의 동작에 대한 개념과 원리를 설명하는 원리학습실, 학습자들에게 웹기반 시뮬레이터를 제공하는 시뮬레이션 학습실, 오프라인 실험교육의 강의계획서에 대한 상호작용성이 있는 자바 애플릿을 제공하는 가상실험 학습실, 평가와 관리시스템으로 구성되어 있다. 모든 학습실은 학습효율의 극대화를 위하여 서로 유기적으로 결합되어 있다. 마지막으로 높은 학습에 대한 기준, 전체 실험시간의 단축, 실험장비의 손상율의 감소와 같은 긍정적인 결과를 얻었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.177-186
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• 2015

Until Mandelbrot introduced the concept of fractal geometry and fractal dimension in early 1970s, it has been generally considered that the geometry of nature should be too complex and irregular to describe analytically or mathematically. Here fractal dimension indicates a non-integer number such as 0.5, 1.5, or 2.5 instead of only integers used in the traditional Euclidean geometry, i.e., 0 for point, 1 for line, 2 for area, and 3 for volume. Since his pioneering work on fractal geometry, the geometry of nature has been found fractal. Mandelbrot introduced the concept of fractal geometry. For example, fractal geometry has been found in mountains, coastlines, clouds, lightning, earthquakes, turbulence, trees and plants. Even human organs are found to be fractal. This suggests that the fractal geometry should be the law for Nature rather than the exception. Fractal geometry has a hierarchical structure consisting of the elements having the same shape, but the different sizes from the largest to the smallest. Thus, fractal geometry can be characterized by the similarity and hierarchical structure. A process requires driving energy to proceed. Otherwise, the process would stop. A hierarchical structure is considered ideal to generate such driving force. This explains why natural process or phenomena such as lightning, thunderstorm, earth quakes, and turbulence has fractal geometry. It would not be surprising to find that even the human organs such as the brain, the lung, and the circulatory system have fractal geometry. Until now, a normal frequency distribution (or Gaussian frequency distribution) has been commonly used to describe frequencies of an object. However, a log-normal frequency distribution has been most frequently found in natural phenomena and chemical processes such as corrosion and coagulation. It can be mathematically shown that if an object has a log-normal frequency distribution, it has fractal geometry. In other words, these two go hand in hand. Lastly, applying fractal principles is discussed, focusing on pulp and paper industry. The principles should be applicable to characterizing surface roughness, particle size distributions, and formation. They should be also applicable to wet-end chemistry for ideal mixing, felt and fabric design for papermaking process, dewatering, drying, creping, and post-converting such as laminating, embossing, and printing.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권7호
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• pp.509-517
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• 2013

본 연구의 목적은 도심지역 중소하천의 효율적인 수질정화를 위해 물리화학적, 생물학적 처리공정을 결합한 장치형 하천수질정화공법의 적용성을 평가하는데 있다. 본 연구의 하천정화시설은 TSS 및 TP 제거를 위한 가압부상(Micro Bubble Process, MBP)공정과, BOD 제거를 위한 관로형 미생물 부착(Attached Microbial Pipe System, AMPS)공정으로 구성하였다. 각 장치의 실험 조건은 MBP 공정의 부상조 체류시간 및 초미세기포 주입량 변화와 AMPS 공정의 체류시간의 변화를 설정하였다. 또한 계절 변화에 따른 각 공정의 오염원 제거효율을 평가하였다. 각 공정의 연속운전 결과 MBP 공정에서는 최대 TSS 83.69%, TP 95.15%의 처리효율을 나타냈으며, AMPS 공정의 TBOD5 제거효율은 최대 53.0%를 나타냈다. 또한 각 공정의 순환운전 결과 MBP 공정에 의해 최대 TSS 69.75%, TP 70.17%의 처리효율을 나타냈으며, AMPS 공정에 의해 TBOD5 제거효율은 최대 68.58%를 나타냈다. 따라서 본 하천정화시설은 도심지역 내 오염된 하천의 수질을 개선하는데 효과적이라고 사료된다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.766-777
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• 2012

The 13 genre paintings by Junkeun Kim in the book "Korean Games(by Stewart Culin 1858~1929)" were used to study the late $19^{th}$ century's basic costumes and Games style in Korea. The people who appear in the paintings are 26 adult males, 2 minor males, 2 adult females and 3 kisaengs. Typical men wore 'Jeogori' which had various colors and white linings with a reached hip line, and knotted with a 'go-rum' on the right side. They also wore, white colored 'Baji' with colorful sash that were knot below knee or ankle together with 'Hang-jun' or 'Daenim'. They wore 'Beoseon'. Some men wore 'Po' whose colors were blue, green, indigo, white. The general women wore 'Jeogori' in deep green and light pink, indigo, green, red, and they matched with colors for 'Kit' and, 'Go-rum', 'Kut-dong' and its 'Go-rum' was short and narrow. It was so fit and short with narrow sleeve. It had 'Dunggun-kit'(round head collar) with white 'Dong-jung' and so it fit at neck. They wore 'Chi-ma' whose color was red, light green, or light indigo. It contrasted with 'Jeogori'. The width of 'Chi-ma' was big enough. Then white inner slacks came out under the skirt. Traditional Korean games can be classified according to age and gender. Then the games can be further classified into three categories : men's games, women's games, and games for all. The games for adult are an archery practice, hunting, shovel work with a karae, making a bow, drawing Jongkung-chart, Korean chess, playing paduk, and the Korean card game. A swing is a game for women. Games for both men and women are dice play, and domino game. Games for both adult and minor males are sledge, and tightrope walking. Through genre paintings in the $19^{th}$ century, I reached a conclusion that basic costumes are similar to 'Hanbok' at the present time and the method of wearing them has not changed much. It appears that the originality of traditional costumes has been maintained.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2019

본 연구는 소방대원들이 화재현장에서 진압 및 구조 업무 활동 시 필수로 착용하고 있는 SCBA 시스템에 팀원 간 의사소통이 가능하도록 다자간 동시 양방향 통신이 적용된 SCBA 면체용 무선통신 모듈을 설계·제작하여 그 성능을 확인하였다. 본 시험 조건에서 팀 통신모듈 성능평가결과 가시거리(LOS)에서 500 m 이상 통신이 가능하며, 건축물 내부 수평 통신거리는 1:1로 최소 36 m에서 최대 51 m까지 측정되었다. 또한, Ad-hoc 기능을 구현하여, 3 hoc 자동중계로 통신거리가 128 m 까지 확대되었다. 건축물 내부 수직 통신거리는 오픈된 계단실의 경우 5층까지, 구획된 계단실의 경우 3층까지 통신되었고, 2 hoc 자동중계를 통해 5층까지 모든 통신이 가능하였다. 화재상황을 가정한 통신 성능실험결과 별도의 PTT 키 조작 없이도 소방무선통신 표준약어를 5명의 팀원이 정확히 인지하는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 추가적으로 불꽃저항성 실험결과 950 ± 50 ℃의 불꽃에 5 s간 노출 후 즉시 소화되어 내염성을 지닌 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.1666-1672
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of an alumninosilicate clay, marketed under the trade name Biotite V, to improve growing-finishing pig performance and to determine its effects on nutrient digestibility and excretion. Sixty crossbred pigs (22.3${\pm}2.7kg$, Camborough 15 Line female${\times}$Canabred sire) were assigned on the basis of sex, weight and litter to one of four dietary treatments in a $2{\times}4$ (two sexes and four treatments) factorial design experiment. The experimental diets were based on barley and soybean meal and contained 0, 0.25, 0.5 or 0.75% biotite during the growing period (22.3-60.5 kg) and 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5% biotite during the finishing period (60.5-110.3 kg). Each pig was allowed access to its own individual feeder for 30 min twice daily (07:00 and 15:00 h). Individual pig body weight, feed consumption and feed conversion were recorded weekly. The pigs were slaughtered at a commercial abattoir when they reached an average weight of 110.3 kg. Carcass weight was recorded and dressing percentage calculated. Carcass fat and lean measurements were obtained with a Destron PG 100 probe between the 3rd and 4th last ribs, 70 mm of the midline. Total tract digestibility coefficients for dry matter, energy, nitrogen and phosphorus were determined using three males and three females per treatment starting at an average weight of $52.2{\pm}3.8kg$. These pigs were housed under identical conditions as those used in the growing stage and were fed the same diets modified only by the addition of 0.5% chromic oxide as a digestibility marker. Over the entire experimental period (22.3-110.3 kg), daily gain was unaffected (p>0.05) by the inclusion of biotite in the diet. There was a cubic response for feed intake (p=0.06) and a quadratic response (p=0.07) for feed conversion due to biotite. Feeding biotite produced no significant (p>0.05) linear or quadratic effects on any of the carcass traits measured. Dry matter digestibility decreased linearly (p=0.02) with increasing levels of biotite in the diet. However, digestibility coefficients for energy, nitrogen and phosphorus were unaffected (p<0.05) by biotite inclusion. Lactobacilli and enterobacteria numbers were unaffected by inclusion of biotite while Salmonella was not detected in any of the fecal samples. The overall results of this experiment indicate that biotite inclusion did not reduce fecal excretion of nitrogen or phosphorus and failed to improve nutrient digestibility. Neither growth rate nor carcass quality was improved while a modest improvement in feed conversion was observed at lower levels of inclusion. Based on the results of this experiment, it would be difficult to justify the routine inclusion of biotite in diets fed to grower-finisher pigs. Whether or not a greater response would have been obtained with pigs of a lower health status is unknown.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.772-776
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• 2004

This paper proposes an interference avoidance approach for Constraint-Based Routing (CBR) algorithm in the Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) network. The MPLS network itself has a capability of integrating among any layer-3 protocols and any layer-2 protocols of the OSI model. It is based on the label switching technology, which is fast and flexible switching technique using pre-defined Label Switching Paths (LSPs). The MPLS network is a solution for the Traffic Engineering(TE), Quality of Service (QoS), Virtual Private Network (VPN), and Constraint-Based Routing (CBR) issues. According to the MPLS CBR, routing performance requirements are capability for on-line routing, high network throughput, high network utilization, high network scalability, fast rerouting performance, low percentage of call-setup request blocking, and low calculation complexity. There are many previously proposed algorithms such as minimum hop (MH) algorithm, widest shortest path (WSP) algorithm, and minimum interference routing algorithm (MIRA). The MIRA algorithm is currently seemed to be the best solution for the MPLS routing problem in case of selecting a path with minimum interference level. It achieves lower call-setup request blocking, lower interference level, higher network utilization and higher network throughput. However, it suffers from routing calculation complexity which makes it difficult to real task implementation. In this paper, there are three objectives for routing algorithm design, which are minimizing interference levels with other source-destination node pairs, minimizing resource usage by selecting a minimum hop path first, and reducing calculation complexity. The proposed CBR algorithm is based on power factor calculation of total amount of possible path per link and the residual bandwidth in the network. A path with high power factor should be considered as minimum interference path and should be selected for path setup. With the proposed algorithm, all of the three objectives are attained and the approach of selection of a high power factor path could minimize interference level among all source-destination node pairs. The approach of selection of a shortest path from many equal power factor paths approach could minimize the usage of network resource. Then the network has higher resource reservation for future call-setup request. Moreover, the calculation of possible path per link (or interference level indicator) is run only whenever the network topology has been changed. Hence, this approach could reduce routing calculation complexity. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm has good performance over high network utilization, low call-setup blocking percentage and low routing computation complexity.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2005

본 논문에서는, UTMI호환 USB2.0 PHY 칩의 구조와 세부 설계 내용 전반에 대하여 기술하였다. 노이즈 채널 환경에서, 수신데이터의 유효성을 판단하기 위한 방법으로 squelch 상태 검출 회로 및 전류모드 슈미트-트리거 회로를 설계하였으며, 레플리카 바이어스 회로를 사용한 온칩 종단(ODT) 회로와, 480Mbps 데이터 송신을 위한 전류모드 차동 출력 구동회로를 설계하였다. 또한, 플레시오크로너스 클럭킹 방식을 사용하는 USB 시스템에서, 송수신단 사이의 주파수 차이를 보상하기 위하여, 클럭데이터 복원회로와 FIFO를 사용한 동기화 회로를 설계하였다. 네트웍 분석기를 이용한 손실전송선(W-model) 모델 파라미터를 측정을 통해 추출하였으며, 설계를 위한 시뮬레이션 과정에 활용하였다. 설계된 칩은 0.25um CMOS 공정으로 제작하였으며, 이에 대한 측정 결과를 제시하였다. IO패드를 제외한 칩의 코어 면적은 $0.91{\times}1.82mm^2$ 이었고, 2.5V 전원전압에서 전체 전력소모량은, 480MHz 동작 시 245mW, 12MHz 동작 시 150mW로 시뮬레이션 되었다.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.95-101
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• 2015

Purpose - This study provides evidence of the impact of the mandatory adoption of Korean equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards (K-IFRS) on accounting quality. K-IFRS uses fair value as a basis of measurement and is characterized by principle-based standards. These characteristics can lead to a decrease in conservatism. Therefore, this study aims to examine whether or not there is a change in the level of conservatism before and after the enforcement of K-IFRS (2007~2014). By comparing 2007 through 2008 and 2013 through 2014 (excluding 2009 to 2012), we test "the temporary adjustment phenomenon" and document an overall decline in the degree of conservatism after the adoption of K-IFRS. Research design, data, and methodology - Our sample is comprised of data of all listed Korea Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI) manufacturing distribution companies in Korea from 2007 to 2014, which yields the pooled sample of 4,412 (panel A) and 1,915 (panel B) firm-year observations for hypotheses 1 and 2. In line with recent literature, we adopt the Givoly and Hayn (2000) model, which recomputes the non-operating accruals, excluding two components that are most likely to capture the effect of restructuring activities: special items and gains or losses from discontinued operations. In addition, we also use these variables: SIZE, LEV, INV_CYCLE, ROA, OWN, and FOR. Results - Our sample period spans 2007 to 2014. This offers evidence on the effect of the mandatory adoption of IFRS on conservatism. Our findings can be summarized as follows. First, in panel A, for mandatory K-IFRS adoption (2011), we do not find any significant evidence of conservatism. We can guess that the "temporary adjustment phenomenon" is the reason that we do not find significant evidence of conservatism. Second, we investigate panel B from 2009 to 2012. We document an overall decline in the degree of conservatism after the adoption of K-IFRS. We can assume that these results are due to "the temporary adjustment phenomenon." Conclusions - This study finds that conservatism significantly decreased after IFRS adoption. In particular, this study makes the initial effort to elucidate "the temporary adjustment phenomenon" to analyze the effect of K-IFRS on conservative accounting. We argue that K-IFRS are conceptually conservative but that inappropriate application of the conservatism principles is likely to prevent financial reporting from reaching the level of conservatism targeted by the IASB. Overall, this paper contributes to the literature on IFRS and can be useful to capital market supervisors who are monitoring the trends of the firms implementing K-IFRS. Additionally, our results inform stakeholders of the potentially negative effect of the greater flexibility permitted by IFRS and/or lack of appropriate enforcement on key dimensions of accounting quality. This has important implications for Korean regulators and standard setters as they review the cost and benefits of IFRS. Our study also sheds light on the importance of the institutional environment in achieving the targeted objectives for improving financial reporting quality.