• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.293-298
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• 2010

목적: 주관절은 굴곡 구축 40도 이상 굴곡 제한 105도 이하일 경우 일상 생활에 상당한 장애를 일으킬 수 있는 관절로 그 치료의 정도 및 시기를 결정하기가 상당히 어려운 것으로 알려져 있다. 이에 이 종설에서는 현재까지 인정된 주관절 구축의 수술적 접근법에 대하여 고찰하여 보도록 하겠다. 대상 및 방법: 환자의 병력을 포함하여 충분한 임상적 조사를 하는 것이 중요하다. 그리고 방사선학적 방법을 이용하여 환자의 주관절 구축에 대한 원인 및 상태를 정확히 파악하고 그에 적합한 수술법을 선택한다. 수술법으로는 관절경적 유리술 (arthroscopic release) 및 관혈적 유리술 (Open release), 견인 관절 성형술 (Distraction Arthroplasty), 인공관절 치환술 (Total elbow replacement)이 있으며 관혈적 유리술은 4가지 기본 도달법 -전방 도달법 (anterior approach), 내측 도달법 (medial "over the top" approach), 제한된 외측 도달법 (limited lateral approach: column procedure) 광범위 후방 도달법 (posterior extensile approach)-으로 분류될 수 있다. 결과 및 결론: 현재 주관절 구축의 수술은 관절경의 발달로 인한 최소 침습적인 방법이 대두되고 있으나 그 경과의 판정은 아직 미미하며 그에 대한 문헌 보고가 많지 않은 상태로 고식적인 개방성 접근법을 이용하는 것을 원칙으로 하고 있으며 접근법에 따른 분류를 사용하고 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.697-708
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• 2016

최근 기업과 개인 및 그 외 다양한 분야에서 고속 무선 통신기술의 수요가 증가함에 따라 최적화된 서비스를 계획하기 위해 전파의 도달범위에 관한 많은 연구들이 진행되고 있으나, 접근이 제한되는 고지대의 경우는 전파를 실측하고 도달범위를 분석하는데 많은 제한이 되고 있다. 신규 서비스들의 원활한 통신 서비스를 제공하기 위해서는 다양한 전파 환경에서 폭넓은 주파수 대역을 바탕으로 하는 조건(전파 모델의 선택, 주파수 대역에 따른 보정 값 등)이 고려되어야 한다. 특히 전파 환경이 복잡해짐에 따라 각 주파수 대역에 대한 지역별 전파 환경의 측정, 조사를 통하여 실시간 전파 스펙트럼의 변화 등을 조기에 감지함으로써 적절한 대책을 수립할 수 있어야 한다. 이를 위해서는 실시간 스펙트럼 분포 상태 조사를 통해 지역별 전파 환경 기초 자료의 확보가 필요하며, 전파 측정 데이터의 저장 및 분석을 통한 추후 문제 발생 시 빠른 대책 수립이 가능해야한다. 본 논문에서는 신뢰성 있는 전파도달범위를 분석 및 예측을 위해 HTZ Warfare를 이용하여 접근이 제한되는 국내 각 고지대 지역에서 실측 전파데이터를 수집하고, 예측된 데이터와 비교하여 상관관계 분석을 수행하였다. 또한 주파수별, 전파모델별 분석 및 시뮬레이션 실험을 통해 각 고지대에서 가장 적합한 전파 모델들을 비교 평가하였다.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.135-156
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• 2020

Purpose - This study investigates whether the internationalization process of traditional industry firms can be categorized as born global, early internationalization, or gradual internationalization, and examines what factors promote internationalization in traditional industries using a case study of two firms, one each in China and Korea. Design/methodology - This study elects to use case study methodology to determine the "how" and "why" of internationalization process of traditional industry firms. Taking into consideration that factors that impact the internationalization process of firms are diverse and unclear in terms of causality, this study utilizes exploratory case study methodology. This research performs a comparative two-case study of two firms in traditional industries, one each in China and Korea, to examine similarities and differences of study subjects in order to improve the validity and suitability of research results. Findings - The findings of this research are as follows: First, traditional industries are more likely go through early and rapid internationalization rather than being born global; born globals are far more likely to appear in high tech industries. Second, the internationalization process of companies that go through early and rapid internationalization differs from what is indicated by traditional internationalization theories, and are not limited by factors like psychological distance and lack of experiential knowledge. Third, international entrepreneurship, international market orientation, and imitation and learning are important internal driving factors for early and rapid internationalization. Fourth, conditions within the domestic market, policy support from the government, and pilot effect from industry leaders are external driving factors for early and rapid internationalization. Originality/value - This study shows that the internationalization process of traditional industry firms is more likely to be early and rapid internationalization rather than being born global and suggests answers to why this may be the case. In addition, through an examination of case studies, it reveals that the internationalization process of traditional industry firms that undergo early and rapid internationalization is different from traditional internationalization theory, in that they are not limited by the lack of psychological proximity and empirical knowledge, and are driven by international entrepreneurship, international market orientation, imitation and learning, competitive pressure within the domestic market, government's policy support, and the pilot effect of industry leaders. Therefore, this study contributes to literature by expanding the scope of application of born global theory to traditional industries, making born global theory more generalizable and identifying driving factors to internationalization of traditional industry firms.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.29-41
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• 1993

A prevalence study was carried out on 847 CMD patients who had visited the Department of Oral Medicine in Pusan National University from 1990 to 1993. To obtain the same type of information, all subjects were interviewed and examined clinically using a standardized examination form, The ratio of women to men was about 3:1 and all subjects were divided into acute and chronic groups on the basis of 6 months of duration. Diagnostic groups consisted of muscle disorder, joint disorder and muscle-joint disorder. As related to gender, duration and diagnosis subjective and objective symptoms in CMD were studied. The obtained results were as follows : 1. Muscle-joint disorder had the highest percent, followed by muscle disorder and joint disorder. 2. The most common reasons for CMD treatment were pain, joint noise and limited opening, while headache and neckache were relatively often reported as associated symptoms and dizziness, ringing in the ears also reported as secondary CNS excitatory effects. 3. Pain was more ofter seen in women, acute group and muscle-related disorder groups (p<0.05, p<0.01). Noise was significantly frequent in chronic group and joint-related groups (p<0.01). 4. Analysis of contributing factors presented that macrotrauma was found frequently in men (p<0.05), and that muscle-related groups were more related to stress than joint disorder grop (p<0.05). 5. Hard end feel was seen significantly often in joint-related disorder group (p<0.05). On the other hand, soft end feel was frequent in muscle disorder. 6. Reciprocal clicks and crepitation increased with chronicity. Subjects with joint-related disorder groups significantly often reported all kinds of noises (p<0.01). 7. Tender muscles and joints were more often reported in women and chronic group. Whereas muscle-related disorder groups revealed significantly more tender muscles (p<0.01). joint-related disorder groups presented significantly more tender joints (p<0.01).

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제73권4호
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• pp.234-238
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• 2012

Recently, interferon gamma releasing assay has been recommended to compensate the tuberculin skin test (TST) for screening for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). Although it improved the detection of LTBI before treatment with tumor necrosis factor blocker, its application to immune suppressed patients is limited. We report a case of peritoneal tuberculosis (TB) developed in a patient who tested positive for TST and QuantiFERON-TB Gold (QFT-G) before infliximab therapy, to emphasize the importance of monitoring during treatment. A 52-year-old woman presented with abdominal distension. She had been diagnosed with seropositive rheumatoid arthritis six years ago. She had started taking infliximab six months ago. All screening tests for TB were performed and the results of all were negative. At admission, the results of repeated TST and QFT-G tests were positive. Histopathological examination confirmed peritoneal TB. The patient started anti-TB therapy and the symptoms were relieved.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2003

This study aims to discuss the characteristics on marketing distribution of landscape materials after consideration in the side of cognition on the present condition of marketing which is important factors for analysis in understanding the market of landscape materials. To do this, the investigation of marketing distribution are to collect data refer to purchases and sales reports and questionnaires, these results are used to analyzed the operative factor of forming market structure and problematic, improvement spot of marketing distribution. The periodic range of this paper is limited on 609 landscape materials and examination was performed from 21.Feb. to 15.Mar, in 2002. The results of the whole prices trends and marketing distribution survey can be summarized as follows : 1. Differences of cognition on marketing distribution among four group toward problematic spot on product and marketing of landscape materials was summarized as follows : 1) Group of landscape design : Interest of government, Various articles. 2) Group of landscape construction : Communication of marketing information, Role of intermediary ecc. 3) Group of landscape materials and cooperation between company and university : Interest of government ecc, 2. Differences of cognition on marketing distribution among four group toward improvemental spot on product and marketing of landscape materials was summarized as follows : 1) Group of landscape design and construction : Network of marketing distribution on landscape materials, Criterion of articles, Quality adiministration through establishment of sale level ecc.. 2) Group of landscape materials : Employment of specialist education program ecc.. 3) Group of cooperation between company and university : Conscious reformation of comsumer ecc.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2012

화재시 당면할 수 있는 위험성의 여러 인자 가운데 연소 독성 영향은 피난 및 최종 생존에 중요한 영향을 미치고 있다. 화재 독성에 지금까지 대한 대부분의 연구는 치사 측면에 국한되어 왔다. 이에 본 연구에서는 대표적인 질식성 가스인 HCN을 대상으로 가스유해성시험방법(KS F 2271)을 통하여 실험동물(흰쥐)에 직접 독성가스를 흡입시킨 후 평균행동정지시간을 측정하고, 이들 실험동물군의 내부 장기 변화, 혈액학 분석 및 단세포전기영동분석을 통해 연소 독성가스가 생체에 미치는 영향을 정량적으로 분석하고자 하였으며, 기존 가스유해성시험에서 확인할 수 없었던 접근(병리검사, 혈액검사, 혈액생화학검사, 단세포전기영동분석)을 통해 연소 독성학 분야의 생물학적 위험도를 측정하고자 하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2019

UAVs are unmanned, autonomous or remotely piloted aircraft. As UAVs become smaller, lighter and more economical, their applications continue to expand. Researches on UAVs in the field of remote sensing show development methods and purposes similar to those on satellite images, and they are widely used in studies such as 3D image composition and monitoring. In the field of environmental impact assessment(EIA), satellite information and data are mainly used. However, only low-resolution images covering long distances and large-scale data allowing for rough examination are being provided, so their uses are seriously limited. Therefore, in this paper, we construct spatial information of forest area by using unmanned aerial vehicle and seek efficient utilization and policy improvement in the field of environmental impact assessment. As a result, high-resolution images and data from UAVs can be used to identify the location status of SEIA, EIA, and small scale EIA project plans and to evaluate detailed environmental impact analysis. In addition, when provided together with infographics about Post-environmental impact investigation, it was confirmed that the possibility of periodic spatial information construction and evaluation can be used throughout the entire project contents and project post-process.In order to provide sophisticated infographics for the EIA, drone photography and GCP surveying methods were derived.The results of this study will be used as a basis for improving high-resolution monitoring and environmental impact assessment in the forest sector.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제43권6호
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• pp.498-505
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• 2016

Background Algae have traditionally been used for promotion of hair growth. Use of hair regrowth drugs, such as minoxidil, is limited due to side effects. The aim of this study was to examine a mixture of Saccharina japonica and Undaria pinnatifida (L-U mixture) on hair growth and to compare the promoting effect of hair growth by a 3% minoxidil and a L-U mixture. Methods To evaluate the hair growth-promoting activity, saline, 50% ethanol, 3% minoxidil, and the L-U mixture were applied 2 times a day for a total of 14 days on the dorsal skin of C57BL/6 mice after depilation. Analysis was determined by using a high-resolution hair analysis system, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and H&E staining. Results On day 14, the hair growth effect of the L-U mixture was the same as that of the 3% minoxidil treatment. The L-U mixture significantly (P<0.05) stimulated hair growth-promoting genes, as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and insulin-like growth factor -1. Increase of VEGF was observed in the L-U mixture group compared with minoxidil and the negative control. In contrast, the L-U mixture suppressed the expression of transforming growth factor-${\beta}1$, which is the hair loss-related gene. In histological examination in the L-U mixture and minoxidil groups, the induction of an anagen stage of hair follicles was faster than that of control groups. Conclusions This study provides evidence that the L-U mixture can promote hair growth in mice, similar to the effect from minoxidil, and suggests that there is potential application for hair loss treatments.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.433-445
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• 2015

Objectives: The major objectives of this study are to review the issues surrounding trade secret claims in the Chemicals Control Act and Amendment on Occupational Safety and Health Act(1917-227) and to propose a way of improving the reliability of chemical information in MSDSs, labels and National Chemical Survey results. Materials: To review the issues on trade secret claims, we made an analysis frame which was divided into three steps: Value and Problem Recognition; New Regulation Design; and Enforcement and Amendment. We then compared Korean issues with issues from the United States' Hazard Communication Standard and Emergency Planning & Community Right-to-Know Act, Canada's Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System and Hazardous Materials Information Review Act and the European Union's Regulation on Classification, Labelling and Packaging of substances and Mixtures. Results: The stage of right-to-know development in Korea has passed the Value and Problem Recognition phase, so efforts are needed to elaborately design new regulation. Conclusions: We recommend two ways to improve right-to-know in Korea. First, strict examination of the quality of documents for trade secret claims is very important. Second, trade secrets should be limited to less-hazardous substances.