• Current Optics and Photonics
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.550-564
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• 2022

Optical microscopy is a useful tool for study in the biological sciences. With an optical microscope, we can observe the micro world of life such as tissues, cells, and proteins. A fluorescent dye or a fluorescent protein provides an opportunity to mark a specific target in the crowd of biological samples, so that an image of a specific target can be observed by an optical microscope. The optical microscope, however, is constrained in resolution due to diffraction limit. Super-resolution microscopy made a breakthrough with this diffraction limit. Using a super-resolution microscope, many biomolecules are observed beyond the diffraction limit in cells. In the case of volumetric imaging, the super-resolution techniques are only applied to a limited area due to long imaging time, multiple scattering of photons, and sample-induced aberration in deep tissue. In this article, we review recent advances in super-resolution microscopy for volumetric imaging. The super-resolution techniques have been integrated with various modalities, such as a line-scan confocal microscope, a spinning disk confocal microscope, a light sheet microscope, and point spread function engineering. Super-resolution microscopy combined with adaptive optics by compensating for wave distortions is a promising method for deep tissue imaging and biomedical applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.876-878
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• 2008

The standards of acceptable limit and compensation is one of the most important things in environmental noise and vibration disputes resolution. In this paper, review on the present acceptable limit level and compensation standard in National Environmental Dispute Resolution Commission is introduced. Discordance of standards between in the regulation law and in the dispute resolution commission and it's improvement are discussed. Abnormal reasoning for compensation standards is pointed out from a author's private view.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-45
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• 2002

It was necessary to devise new techniques to overcome and enhance the resolution limits of traveltime tomography. Waveform inversion has been one of the methods for giving very high resolution result. High resolution image could be acquired because waveform inversion used not only phase but amplitude. But waveform inversion was much time consuming Job because forward and backward modeling was needed at each iteration step. Velocity-stress method was used for effective modeling. Resolution limits of imaging methods such as travel time inversion, acoustic and elastic waveform inversion were investigated with numerical models. it was investigated that Resolution limit of waveform inversion was similar tn resolution limit of migration derived by Schuster. Horizontal resolution limit could be improved with increased coverage by adding VSP data in cross hole that had insufficient coverage. Also, waveform inversion was applied to realistic models to evaluate applicability and using initial guess of travel time tomograms to reduce non-linearity of waveform inversion showed that the better reconstructed image could be acquired.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.403.1-403.1
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• 2014

In conventional far-field microscopy, two objects separated closer than approximately half of an emission wavelength cannot be resolved, because of the fundamental limitation known as Abbe's diffraction limit. During the last decade, several super-resolution methods have been developed to overcome the diffraction limit in optical imaging. Among them, super-resolution optical fluctuation imaging (SOFI) developed by Dertinger et al [1], employs the statistical analysis of temporal fluorescence fluctuations induced by blinking phenomena in fluorophores. SOFI is a simple and versatile method for super-resolution imaging. However, due to the uncontrollable blinking of fluorophores, there are some limitations to using SOFI for several applications, including the limitations of available blinking fluorophores for SOFI, a requirement of using a high-speed camera, and a low signal-to-noise ratio. To solve these limitations, we present a new approach combining SOFI with speckle pattern illumination to create illumination-induced optical fluctuation instead of blinking fluctuation of fluorophore.. This technique effectively overcome the limitations of the conventional SOFI since illumination-induced optical fluctuation is possible to control unlike blinking phenomena of fluorophore. And we present the sub-diffraction resolution image using SOFI with speckle illumination.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.237-250
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• 2015

This paper describes a hardware-oriented algorithm and its conceptual implementation in a real-time speed limit traffic sign detection system on an automotive-oriented field-programmable gate array (FPGA). It solves the training and color dependence problems found in other research, which saw reduced recognition accuracy under unlearned conditions when color has changed. The algorithm is applicable to various platforms, such as color or grayscale cameras, high-resolution (4K) or low-resolution (VGA) cameras, and high-end or low-end FPGAs. It is also robust under various conditions, such as daytime, night time, and on rainy nights, and is adaptable to various countries' speed limit traffic sign systems. The speed limit traffic sign candidates on each grayscale video frame are detected through two simple computational stages using global luminosity and local pixel direction. Pipeline implementation using results-sharing on overlap, application of a RAM-based shift register, and optimization of scan window sizes results in a small but high-performance implementation. The proposed system matches the processing speed requirement for a 60 fps system. The speed limit traffic sign recognition system achieves better than 98% accuracy in detection and recognition, even under difficult conditions such as rainy nights, and is implementable on the low-end, low-cost Xilinx Zynq automotive Z7020 FPGA.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.409-419
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• 2013

In this study, the analytical method for 27 residual pharmaceuticals in raw water was developed. Online sample preconcentration/extraction and analysis with high resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/Orbitrap MS) were performed. The calibration curves showed good linearities (above $r^2$ = 0.998) in the range of 5 ~ 1,000 ng/L. The method detection limit and the limit of quantification were 1.1 ~ 10.0 ng/L and 3.4 ~ 31.7 ng/L, respectively. Recoveries of the target compounds were between 70.1% and 115.8% (except cefadroxil, cefradine, vancomycin, and iopromide (50.2 ~ 67.0%)). The optimized analytical method can be useful to determine the residual pharmaceuticals in raw water.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.943-949
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• 2009

Many studies for measuring vibration using image signal are suggested. These methods can measure vibration of multi-points simultaneously. However, it has the disadvantage that is very sensitive to an environment. If the measured environment is not good, image signals can be measured including much background noise. So, it is difficult to obtain accurate vibration from the measured image signals. Another problem is that camera imaging has a resolution limit. Because the resolution of the camera image is relatively much lower than that of a data acquisition system, accurate measuring vibration cannot be performed. In this paper, we proposed the enhanced technique for measuring vibration using camera signal. The key word of this paper is a curve fitting. The curve fitting can exactly detect the measurement line of interested object. So, we can measure the vibration in noisy environment. Also, it can overcome the resolution limit.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.901-907
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• 2000

As the minimum feature size for making ULSI approaches the wavelength of light source in optical lithography, the aerial image is so hardly distorted because of the optical proximity effect that the accurate mask image reconstruction on wafer surface is almost impossible. We applied the Optical Proximity Correction(OPC) on isolated patterns assuming Attenuated Phase Shift Mask(APSM) as well as binary mask, to correct the widening of isolated patterns. In this study, we found that applying OPC to APSM shows much better improvement not only in enhancing the resolution and fidelity of t도 images but also in enhancing the process margin than applying OPC to the binary mask. Also, we propose the OPC method of APSM for isolated patterns, the size of which is less than the wavelength of the ArF excimer laser. Finally, we predicted the resolution limit of optical lithography through the aerial image simulation.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers A
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• v.48 no.7
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• pp.824-831
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• 1999

This paper presents new methods to resolve the important limits in the decoupled UPFC model for power flow, by which conventional power flow program can be performed with addition of two buses per one UPFC. In order to operate UPFC to the desired value, the series voltage and shunt current of UPFC should be computed. So a method of calculating these by simple equations after power flow is derived. However, the calculated magnitude of series voltage and/or shunt current of UPFC may not be allowed because of the UPFC limit \ulcorner to the ratings of inverters. In this case, the active power and the reactive power (or the voltage magnitude) of UPFC buses should be revised to resolve the limit. This paper proposes the Newton Raphson method to resolve these limits. Particularly, when resolving the series voltage magnitude, three strategies are proposed according to the priority of the active power and the reactive power (or the voltage magnitude).

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.6
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• pp.497-502
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• 2013

In this paper, we aim to evaluate the performance of the digital signal processing (DSP) algorithm used in [8] in order to improve the resolution of spectrometers with fixed number of low-cost, non-ideal filters. In such spectrometers, the resolution is limited by the number of filters. We aim to demonstrate via new experiments that the resolution improvement by six times over the conventional limit is possible by using the DSP algorithm as claimed by [8].