• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.440-445
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• 1999

In order to investigate the change of physiological active compounds in buckwheat with soil chemical properties and soil conditioners, we cultured buckwheat at an experimental open field station, Chonnam Provincial Agicultual Reserch and Extension Service. Fatty acids, phenolic compounds and tyrosinase inhibitory activity (TIA) from buckwheat grains and plants were analyzed. The contents of fatty acids in buckwheat plants was less than that of buckwheat grain. The fatty acids of buckwheat plants and grains were composed of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids. The contents of unsaturated fatty acids were more than saturated fatty acids. The phenolic compounds in buckwheat were from $682.6mg\;kg^{-1}$ to $1822mg\;kg^{-1}$. The phenolic compounds in buckwheat with addition of applied lime were $1822mg\;kg^{-1}$. It was higher than any other plot. The tyrosinase inhibitory activity (TIA) of sediment c in buckwheat grain with addition of applied lime was 92.8%. It was more than that of sediment a, b or compound A, B, C within the same treatment. But the TIA of compound C in buckwheat with application of borax was 81.0%. It was highest of all sediments and compounds within the same treatment.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 2022

Coal ash is being considered as a source of silica and alumina for cement clinker. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect on cement clinker sintering by confirming the high-temperature microstructural change according to the firing temperature in the cement clinker sintering process of coal ash. In the coal ash used as a raw material for cement clinker, the shape change of the particle surface was confirmed from the sintering tem perature of 950 ℃. The shape of the coal ash disappeared from the sintering temperature higher than 1250 ℃. It was confirmed that the Al and Fe components of the coal ash were converted to the cement interstitial phase at a temperature higher than 1350 ℃. In addition, the clinker using a large amount of coal ash as a raw material showed a low content of Lime and a high content of Belite in the sintering tem perature range of 1150~1200 ℃. From this, it was confirmed that the formation of calcium silicate mineral proceeds more easily at the initial sintering temperature by the application of coal ash.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.59-70
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• 2010

A long-term field demonstration experiment on selected stabilization methods to reduce the heavy metal mobility in farmland soil contaminated by heavy metals was conducted. The field demonstration experiment was established on the contaminated farmland with wooden plates (thickness = 1 cm), of which the dimension were width = 200 cm, Length = 200 cm, height = 80 cm, filled with treated soil, which was mixed with lime stone and steel refining slag except on control plot. Soil samples in the plots were collected and analyzed during the experiment period (6 months) after the installation of the plots. The field demonstration experiment results showed that the application lime stone at the ratio of 5% was effective for immobilizing heavy metal components in contaminated farmland soil.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.355-360
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• 1999

In order to identify the effect of cadmium uptake by soil ameliorators in rice plants, compost, lime, silicate, and phosphate were treated. Plants were grown with irrigation water containing $0.01mg\;l^{-1}$ cadmium and treated with two irrigation systems, intermittent irrigation and continuous submersion. Soil pH was higher at the panicle formation stage compared to other growing stages. However, Eh value was decreased as growing stage was proceeded. Eh values measured at the continuous submersion plots were lower than those at the intermittent irrigation plots. Cadmium contents in the both leaves and roots of rice plants grown at the continuous submersion plots were lower than intermittent irrigation plots in the middle of growing season. Among the continuous submersion plots, cadmium uptake was highly reduced at the both silicate and lime treated plot compared to other treatments. In the harvest season, cadmium contents in the both leaves and brown rice were higher at the intermittent irrigation plots than the continuous submersion plots. Cadmium uptake was highly reduced at the compost and lime mixture plot compared to other treatments among the continuous submersion plots. Soil pH was negatively correlated with the cadmium contents of the both shoot and brown rice while Eh was positively correlated with those. The cadmium content of shoot was positively correlated with that of brown rice in the harvest season.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.21
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• pp.29-40
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• 2019

An experimental study was conducted to test the applicability of natural hydraulic lime (NHL) as a reinforcing agent for the supporting layers of mural paintings in ancient tombs.Drawing upon preceding studies on mural paintings inancient tombs, samples of reinforcing agents for various conditions were prepared using NHL products, and pseudo-samples of the supporting layers of mural paintings were also produced. The samples were cured for 7, 28, and 84 days in a high-humidity condition similar to that of the mural-tomb environment. Physical properties such as dimensional stability and compressive strength were measured for each curing period.The results indicated that the NHL samples had a rapid curing speed and a low contraction ratio and are therefore suitable as reinforcing agents, whereas they showed a poor match in terms of strength compared to the supporting layer,and also low whiteness. The dimensional stability and compressive strength testsrevealedthat an NHL product mixed with a pseudo-sample of a supporting layer provided desirable conditions for reinforcing agent. The findings suggested that different conditions for curing time and strength should be considered for each supporting layer prior to applying NHL as a reinforcing agent for damaged mural paintings in ancient tombs.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 1984

The persistence of butachlor and nitrofen in different soil conditions applied organic matter, lime, and other pesticides was studied under submerged and field moisture capacity. Degradation of the herbicides in soil was significantly retarded by autoclaving the soil and half-life of nitrofen was much longer than that of butachlor under this condition. Submerging the soil enhanced degradation of the herbicides, in particular that of nitrofen. On the other hand, half-life of nitrofen under field moisture capacity was twice longer than that of butachlor. Increased amendment of rice straw to the soil shortened the half-life of nitrofen under submerged soil, however it prolonged that of butachlor when the amendment was exceeded 1000kg/10a level. Liming the soil stimulated herbicide decomposition in the soil, which appears to be pH independent. Butachlor degradation in submerged soil was slightly stimulated by simultaneous application of fungicides and insecticides, but nitrofen persistence was not influenced.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.331-337
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• 2023

Physiological disorders in pear fruit are mainly caused by problems during the growing season, such as lack of calcium in the soil, poor drainage, low porosity, vigorous pruning, and excessive fruiting. In this study, soil physicochemical properties and leaf characteristics were analyzed in pear orchards in four regions of Korea where chlorosis symptoms occurred to determine the causes of chlorosis. The color of chlorotic leaves was diagnosed using the naked eye or SPAD and Hunter values. The soil of the chlorotic orchard had a significantly higher soil pH than that of the regular orchard. Although adequate soil depth was not significantly associated with chlorosis, combined with over-fertilization of the soil with lime, it could potentially impair plant iron uptake. Chlorotic leaves had significantly lower iron and calcium contents and significantly higher magnesium contents than those of regular leaves. Therefore, the intensive occurrence of chlorosis during secondary shoot development around June and July when it is hot and humid may be due to impaired iron and calcium absorption, leading to physiological disorders. To solve this problem, avoiding the over-application of lime and applying foliar fertilizers containing chelated iron is recommended.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2013

BACKGROUND: Many studies associated with cadmium (Cd) immobilization using lime fertilizer have been conducted for several decades. However, these studies did not suggest exact mechanism of Cd immobilization using lime fertilizer and evaluated effect of lime fertilizer on Cd phytoavailability in rice paddy soil under field condition. METHODS AND RESULTS: This study was conducted to determine exact mechanism of Cd immobilization using lime fertilizer and evaluate liming effect on Cd uptake of rice in contaminated paddy soil. $Ca(OH)_2$ was mixed with Cd contaminated arable soil at rates corresponding to 0, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, and 8,000 mg/kg. The limed soil was moistened to paddy soil condition, and incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 4 weeks. $NH_4OAc$ extractable Cd concentration in soil decreased significantly with increasing $Ca(OH)_2$ rate, since $Ca(OH)_2$ markedly increased net negative charge of soil by pH increase, and decreased bioavailable Cd fractions (F1; exchangeable + acidic and reducible Cd fraction). Calculated solubility diagram indicated that Cd solubility was controlled by soil-Cd. $NH_4OAc$ extractable Cd and F1 concentration were negatively related to soil pH and negative charge. $Ca(OH)_2$ was applied at rates 0, 2, 4, and 8 Mg/ha and then cultivated rice in the paddy soil under field condition. Cadmium concentrations in grain, straw, and root of rice plant decreased significantly with increasing application rate of $Ca(OH)_2$. CONCLUSION(S): Alleviation of Cd phytoavailability with $Ca(OH)_2$ can be attributed primarily to Cd immobilization due to the increase in soil pH and negative charge rather than precipitation of $Cd(OH)_2$ or $CdCO_3$, and therefore, $Ca(OH)_2$ is effective for reducing Cd phytoavailability of rice in paddy soil.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.06a
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• pp.93.2-93.2
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• 2010

Recently, printing and coating technologies application fields have been expanded to the energy field such as solar cell. One of the main reasons, why many researchers have been interested in printing technology as a manufacturing method, is the reduction of manufacturing cost. In this paper, We fabricated CIGS solar cell thin film layer by doctor blade methods using synthesis of CIS precursor nanoparticles ink on molybdenum (Mo) coated soda-lime glass substrate. Synthesis CIS precursor nanoparticles ink fabrication was mixed Cu, In, Se powder and Ethylenediamine, using microwave and centrifuging. Using multi coating process as we could easily fabrication a fine flatness CIS thin-film layer ($0.7{\sim}1.35{\mu}m$), and reduce a manufacture cost and process steps. Also if we use printing and coating method and solution process in each layer of CIGS solar cell (electrode, buffer), it is possible to fabricate all printed thin-film solar cell.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.10-18
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• 2003

FEM (Finite Element Method) is a fundamental numerical analysis technique in wide spread use in engineering application. As the solving time occupies small portion of entire FEM analysis time because of development of hardware, the relative lime to the whole analysis time to make mesh mod-els is growing. In particular, in the case of stiffeners such as features attached to plate in ship structure, the line constraints are imposed on mesh model together with other constraints such as holes. To auto-matically generate two dimensional quadrilateral mesh with the line constraints, an algorithm is pro-posed based on the constrained Delaunay triangulation and Q-Morph algorithm in which the line constraints are not considered. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated. And some numerical results of our proposed algorithm ate presented.