• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.75-82
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• 2020

This study is a descriptive research study to identify Unmet Dementia Information Needs (UDIN) for caregivers of dementia patients at Dementia Relief Center and to understand the effectiveness of the program for workers. The subjects were 114 caregivers and 217 practitioners from dementia relief centers in 25 autonomous districts of S city from November 1, 2019 to January 31, 2020. The UDIN questionnaire is a 7-point Likert scale. The Crisis Management Questionnaire is a Likert 5-point scale consisting of 10 questions from 6 categories. As a result of the study, the proportion of depressed caregivers experiencing UDIN was 12.3times higher than those who did not (p<.001). The program effectiveness was 8.98times better than those who perceived the lack of risk management as good (p=.004), and social workers were 2.81times better than nurses (p=.091). It is necessary to conduct interactive operations to meet the needs of the community residents by listening to their diverse opinions rather than simply implementing a one-sided policy to raise the service of a dementia relief center to the highest level in a short period of time.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.270-283
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• 2020

The purpose of the study is to investigate the perception of elementary pre-service teachers about convergence program after conducting 'Making shadow book using my creative story' activity. The program consists elementary pre-service teachers to creat their own stories and using them to make a "shadow book." The program was conducted on 52 elementary pre-service teachers for eight weeks. After the end of the program, they were examined for their perception of the convergence program with the Likert scale questions and essay questions. The analysis results of the Likert scale questions showed that they scored very high on the objectives, contents and methods of the program, and the satisfaction, necessity and willingness to re-participate were also high. In addition, the analysis results based on keywords of essay questions about how the program operates, and its advantages and improvements made it possible to categorize them into instructional content, convergence education, teaching competency, thinking ability, psychology, and emotional experience. Through this study, we could see that by experiencing the convergence program ran by cooperative professors of different majors, elementary pre-service teachers naturally recognized the meaning, importance and necessity of convergence education, understood the contents of related subjects easily, and improved teaching competency. But, they also mentioned various improvements due to the situation of non-face-to-face classes.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.373-383
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• 2002

This study was performed to develope a scale of gender role identity in Korean adults based on the Bem's theory of androgyny. Although there were several tools in Korea, they were revealed having some problems of cultural differences, translation biases, and methodological problems. Methods: A list of 78 items were developed using the existing tools and descriptions from 5 married couples. The items were the typical personality characteristics which were manifested by gender, male or female. And the list contained several items which were the socially desirable personality characteristics. which would be simply used as contextual items. Validity of the 78 items were screened by 18 expert panels with 4 point Likert scale, and 57 items were judged as highly valid from 70% of the experts, which were selected as preliminary items for the tool. Using the preliminary tool which was developed as a 4 point Likert scale, data were collected from 1,127 subjects for item analysis and factor analysis. 53 items were remained, because 4 items whose item-total correlation were lower than 0.2 were excluded by the result of item analysis. Factor analysis was done with the 53 items, and 49 items whose factor loadings were same and higher than 0.4 were remained. 3 factors were identified with eigen value 2.0, and these factors were named as masculinity, femininity, and social desirability. Results and Conclusion: KGRII(Korean Gender Role Identity Inventory) which contained 45 items was developed, with 15 items for 3 factors. The reliability of the tool was very high. Cronbach alpha of the tool was 0.929, and alpha of the subscales were ranged from 0.841 to 0.922.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.57-64
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare the efficacy after acupuncture on local acupoints group and distal acupoints group for chronic neck pain. Design : A randomized, crossover clinical trial. Methods : From 15st, September 2010 to October 30th, 2010. 20 patients with chronic neck pain were randomly assigned to either group A or group B. Group A received acupuncture at local acupoints then after 1 week washout period acupuncture at distal acupoints. Group B received the treatment in reverse order. To evaluating efficiency and satisfaction, visual analog scale(VAS), neck disability index(NDI), cranio-cervical flextion test(C-CFT) and five-point likert scale were measured before and after each treatment. Results : Patients in local acupoints group experienced greater improvement than distal acupoints group in VAS. Both local acupoints group and distal acupoints group showed significant improvement in NDI but not in C-CFT and the NDI score change comparison between the two groups had no significance. Local acupoints group showed more effective than distal acupoints group on five-point likert scale. Conclusions : Local acupoints is more effective than distal acupoints in controlling pain in chronic neck pain.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.101-111
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to develop a Disaster Nursing Preparedness Response Competency(DNPRC) Scale in terms of convergence and to verify its validity and reliability. Based on ICN Framework of the Disaster Nursing Competencies, DNPRC was developed through literature review. Participants was 292 nurses. Content Validitys, Construct Validity, and Reliability was verified through the exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis, Convergent validity was tested by Pearson's coefficient correlation between DNPRC and DPQ-N. DNPRC was 5point likert scale with a total 34 item, consisting of 3 3 factosr, 16item of preparedness,4 factors, 18item of response. The reliability was Cronbach's ${\alpha}=.96$. This study may be useful to identify a disaster nursing competency and its related factors for nurse, and to develop nursing intervention to imprive nurses' disaster nursing competency.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2013

Background: Olfactory dysfunction, including anosmia and hyposmia is difficult to treat. Although the mechanism is not well known, stellate ganglion block (SGB) is used to treat olfactory dysfunction. There are no prior studies on the long-term effects of SGB on olfactory dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the continuity of therapeutic effects and patient satisfaction with SGB treatment. Methods: This was a follow-up study carried out via a telephonic survey. The olfactory function of the patient was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS). We checked VAS three times: VAS-I (pre-treatment VAS), VAS-A (post-treatment VAS), and VAS-C (VAS at follow up telephone survey). We divided the subjects into 2 groups according to their responsiveness to SGB: the responsive (R group) and the unresponsive groups (UR group). Patient satisfaction was evaluated using a Likert scale. Results: Out of the 40 subjects, 37 responded to the telephone survey. In the UR group, there was difference in the olfactory function. However, in the R group, there were significant VAS differences; VAS-I was $9.6{\pm}0.7$, VAS-A was $5.1{\pm}4.2$, and VAS-C was $2.7{\pm}$2.7 (P < 0.05). On the Likert scale, patient satisfaction was as follows: grade 1, 17 patients (45.9%); grade 2, 6 patients (16.2%); grade 3, 6 patients (16.2%); and grade 4, 8 patients (21.6%). Conclusions: SGB is a safe, long-lasting, and effective therapeutic modality for olfactory dysfunction treatment.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.85-93
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• 2021

Objectives This study aims to compare the effect of an ultrasound on a guided group and an unguided group on Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy on the facet joint in patients with acute low back pain caused by traffic accidents. Methods 21 patients with acute low back pain caused by traffic accidents from March 1, 2021 to May 31, 2021 were included in this study. The study was conducted as a retrospective study which analyzes the patient's medical records. 11 patients (Group A) received ultrasound guided Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy and 10 patients (Group B) received unguided Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy on the facet joint. Visual analogue scale (VAS) and Oswestry disability index (ODI) was used to evaluate improvements in functions and pain, and five point Likert scale to evaluate patient's satisfaction. Results Both groups showed a statistically significant decrease in the VAS and ODI on the 5th day of hospitalization. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the groups. Difference in the Likert scale between the groups was not statistically significant either. Conclusions We found that ultrasound guided Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy on the facet joint showed similar efficacy compared with unguided Soyeom pharmacopuncture therapy at facet joint on acute low back pain patients caused by traffic accidents.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.173-195
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• 2023

Objectives: To investigate and analyze the assessment indicators and tools used in clinical practice to assess Korean medicine (KM) treatment for infertility, and to establish a basis for assessment tools to diagnose and assess infertility. Methods: Relevant studies published until March 2023 were extracted from Pubmed, Research Information Sharing Service, and National Digital Science Library databases. Results: Sixty-four studies comprising 4,105 patients were included. We investigated pregnancy outcomes, and assessed pregnancy- and childbirth-related factors, overall health, reproductive health, and mental health. Pregnancy result was most common primary outcome. Ongoing pregnancy, stillbirth, miscarriage, and ectopic pregnancy rates were suggested as indicators of pregnancy and childbirth-related assessment. Overall health was most commonly assessed with Likert and Visual analogue scale (VAS). Among reproductive health variables, menstrual history was most frequently assessed. Moreover, indicators such as reproductive function, sexual intercourse, and gynecological disease were assessed. The Infertility Stress Scale and the Fertility Quality of Life tool (FertiQoL) were used to assess mental health. Conclusions: Subjective scales and objective assessment tools, such as the Likert scale and blood tests/ultrasonography, respectively, are used to assess KM infertility treatment. Inconsistent assessment tools make quantitative analyses more challenging. The development of a standardized mental and physical function assessment questionnaire with confirmed reliability and validity ensure the effectiveness of KM infertility treatment, and promote future studies on infertility treatment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.67 no.2
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• pp.217-226
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• 2024

Objective : The efficacy of sciatic nerve decompression via transgluteal approach for entrapment of the sciatic nerve at the greater sciatic notch, called piriformis syndrome, and factors affecting the surgical outcome were analyzed. Methods : The outcome of pain reduction was analyzed in 81 patients with sciatic nerve entrapment who underwent decompression through a transgluteal approach. The patients were followed up for at least 6 months. The degree of pain reduction was analyzed using a numerical rating scale-11 (NRS-11) score and percent pain relief before and after last follow-up following surgery. Success was defined by at least 50% reduction in pain measured via NRS-11. To assess the degree of subjective satisfaction, a 10-point Likert scale was used. In addition, demographic characteristics, anatomical variations, and variations in surgical technique involving sacrotuberous ligamentectomy were analyzed as factors that affect the surgical outcome. Results : At a follow-up of 17.5±12.5 months, sciatic nerve decompression was successful in 50 of 81 patients (61.7%), and the pain relief rate was 43.9±34.17. Subjective improvement based on a 10-point Likert scale was 4.90±3.43. Among the factors that affect the surgical outcome, only additional division of the sacrotuberous ligament during piriformis muscle resection played a significant role. The success rate was higher in the scarotuberous ligementectomy group (79.4%) than in the non-resection group (42.6%), resulting in statistically significant difference based on average NRS-11 score, percent pain relief, and subjective improvement (p<0.05, independent t-test). Conclusion : Sciatic nerve decompression is effective in pain relief in chronic sciatica due to sciatic nerve entrapment at the greater sciatic notch. Its effect was further enhanced by circumferential dissection of the sciatic nerve based on the compartment formed by the piriformis muscle and the sacrotuberous ligament in the greater sciatic notch.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.12 no.7
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• pp.763-774
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• 2003

This study was conducted to design long and short forms of reliable and valid Likert-type scales to measure environmental attitudes of Korean junior high school students. 8 tests were applied to the construction of a 32-item long form and 8-item short form of the scale. Two scales were field tested on 469 respondents consisting of male and female students in urban and rural areas and students participating in environmental programs. The 32-item scale was revealed to be highly reliable, content and construct valid. Reliability and homogeneity of this scale were evidenced by 0.92 coefficient alpha and positive interitem correlation values ranging from 0.10 to 0.52. Factor analysis and known-group comparison showed the sufficient validity of long form scale. Reliability and validity of short form scale were also evidenced by good results of 8 test analyses. The long and short forms were strongly correlated, ${\gamma}$-value of 0.90. Consequently, both long form and short form scales were evidenced very reliable and valid in measuring environmental attitudes of junior high school students in Korea. They can be useful for a variety of survey conditions and constraints and testing environmental attitude.