• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.44-44
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• 2019

This study aimed to develop a suitable method for inducing the proliferation of prothallus and producing sporophytes of rock polypody (Polypodium vulgare L.). The prothalli used in all experiments were obtained from spore germination and sub-cultured for 8-week intervals. The most appropriate media for prothallus propagation were investigated by culturing 300 mg of prothallus in MS ($1/4{\times}$, $1/2{\times}$, $1{\times}$, and $2{\times}$ strength) medium and in Knop medium for 8 weeks. Cultures were maintained at a temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, light intensity of $30{\pm}1.0{\mu}mol-m-2{\cdot}s-1$, and a photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark). Fresh weight of prothalli was 4.8 g on $1{\times}$ MS, 4.5 g on $1/2{\times}$ MS and 4.3 g on 1/4 MS medium. To select a suitable soil combination for sporophyte formation, 1.0 g of prothallus was ground with distilled water, spread in five combinations onto different soil substrates (decomposed granite, horticultural substrates, peat moss, and perlite), and then cultivated for 13 weeks. The sporophyte cultures were maintained at a temperature of $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, light intensity of $43{\pm}2.0{\mu}mol-m-2{\cdot}s-1$, humidity of $84{\pm}1.4%$, and a photoperiod of 16/8 h (light/dark). The results showed that a mixture containing a 2:1 (v:v) ratio of horticultural substrate and perlite, increased sporophyte formation to 462.5 sporophytes per pot (7.5 cm2). The other soil substrates produced from 314.5 to 405.3 sporophytes per pot. Therefore, our results will provide conditions suitable for mass production of Polypodium vulgare L.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.3 no.2 s.9
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• pp.99-110
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• 2003

In this study, lightening material weight and normalizing structure of preventing system of landslide soil-rock in trench excavation was tried with focusing in safety construction availability and workability. In other words, risk estimate, safety management method investigation, applicability of bracing material and mechanical stability of bracing structure was studied. From these result, structural stability and structural analysis of light weight bracing structure was carried out with common structural analysis program, for examining movement mechanism of bracing structure and normalization of standard. The result are summarized as following. (1) Mechanical ability of bracing members and soil pressure parameter acting to member for ensuring mechanical propriety of bracing structural and useful of new material considering soil mechanics boundary were proposed. Also theory and method of analysis of bracing structural were proposed. (2) As a result of the structure analysis of geographical profile for light pannel used FRP as hard clay mechanical characteristics(bending moment, shear force, axial force) of panel were changed according to groundwater level and it is proved that the result of mechanical analysis is within allowable stress. Thus, light pannel is available for bracing structure in trench excavation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.402-406
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• 2006

The physical and chemical characteristics of ALC were analyzed and showed 2.2 of specific gravity and 9.05 of pH. The results of leaching tests with standard method for soil and waste indicated heavy metals(Cu, Cd, Pb, $Cr^{6+}$) were under maximum concentration level. The anaerobic digestion sludge was attached in the surface of ALC within 90 hours. As the results of batch test, pH of the ALC and Bio-ALC were decreased from initial pH of ALC to 8.7 and 7.8 respectively Also, the concentration of heavy metals was rapidly eliminated in the solution with the batch test. The result of column experiment indicates that the removal efficiency of ALC was showed 66% of T-P, 60% of T-N, and 67% of CODcr. Also, removal efficiency of Bio-ALC was slightly higher than that of ALC in T-N (64%) and CODcr (74%).

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.217-221
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• 2012

This research was conducted to investigate the influence of various organic substrates on growth and yield of ginseng seedling grown organically in the closed plastic house. The pH and EC of substrates used for organically ginseng cultivation ranged 5.93~6.78 and 0.03~0.15 dS/m respectively. The concentrations $NH_4$-N and $NO_3$-N respectively was 14.01~68.63 mg/L, 5.60~58.83 mg/L. The average quantum of the closed plastic house was range from 10 to 16% of natural light. In July and August, the maximum temperature of the closed plastic house did not exceed 30 and the average temperature was maintained within 25 lower than the field because air conditioning ran. The PPV-1 and PPV-2 bed soil substrates produced higher stem length, stem diameter, shoot fresh weight and leaf area than those of conventional culture. In PPV-2 bed soil substrates, root fresh weight and root diameter was the highest. The root fresh weight of PPV-2 bed soil substrates in closed plastic house was maximum 25% heavier than the conventional cultivation. The results of this experiment will be utilized for making new substrate application for organic ginseng culture in the plastic house.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.7
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• pp.843-848
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• 2010

This study focused on the characteristics of change soil water with respect to soil thickness and soil mixture ratio, in order to effectively carry out an afforestation system for a roof with a low level of management and a light weight. Soil hardness tended to increase as sand particle was increase regardless soil thickness and soil porosity had more higher artificial soil than natural soil mixture. In case of soil pH, natural soil mixture had between 6.7 and 7.4, and artificial soil mixture had 6.0~6.8. Organic matter, electrical conductance and exchangeable content were highest in $L_{10}$, which it had the highest leafmold ratio. Soil moisture tension(kPa) in 15cm soil thickness was observed natural soil mixture had a considerable change but artificial soil mixture had a gradual change when non-rainfall kept on. In the experimental $L_{10}$, $S_{10}$, $S_7L_3$ and $S_5L_5$ object, the amount of moisture tended to rapidly decrease. However, in the experimental $P_7P_1L_2$, $P_6P_2L_2$, $P_5P_3L_2$ and $P_4P_4L_2$ objects, which contained pearlite and peat moss, the amount of moisture tended to gradually decrease. As a result, the use of a artificial soil mixture soil seems to be required for the afforestation of a roof for a low level of management.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.12a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2020

Ginseng is a shade-plant cultivated using shading facilities. However, at too low light levels, root growth is poor, and at high light levels, the destruction of chlorophyll reduces the photosynthesis efficiency due to leaf burn and early fall leaves. The ginseng has a lightsaturation point of 12,000~15,000 lux when grown at 15 to 20℃ and 9,500 lux at 25℃. This study was conducted to select the optimal light intensity of 3-year-old ginseng grown in blue-white film plastic house. The seeds were planted in the blue-white film plastic house with different light receiving rate (March 17, 2020). Between April and September, the average air temperature in the house was 20.4-20.7℃. Average soil temperature was 18.3℃-18.5℃. The chemical properties of the test soil was as follows. The pH level was 7.0-7.4, EC was 0.5-0.6 dS/m, OM was at the levels of 33.6-37.7 g/kg, P₂O₅ was 513.0-590.8 mg/kg, slightly higher than the allowable 400 mg/kg. The amount of light intensity, illuminance, and solar radiation in the blue-white film house was increased as the light-receiving rate increased and the amount of light intensity was found to be 9-14% compared to the open field, 8-13% illuminance and 9-14% solar irradiation respectively. The photosynthesis rate was the lowest at 3.1 µmolCO²/m²/s in the 9% light blue-white plastic house and 4.2 and 4.0 µmolCO²/m²/s in the 12% and 14% light blue-white plastic house, respectively. These results generally indicate that the photosynthesis of plants increases with the amount of light, but the ginseng has a lower light saturation point at high temperatures, and the higher the amount of light, the lower the photosynthetic efficiency. The SPAD (chlorophyll content) value decreased as the increase of light-receiving rate, and was the highest at 32.7 in 9% light blue-white plastic house. Ginseng germination started on April 11 and took 13-15 days to germinate. The overall germination rate was 82.9-85.8%. The plant height and length of stem were long in the 9% light-receiving plastic house. The diameter of stem was thick in the 12-14% light-receiving plastic house. In the 12% and 14% light-receiving plastic house, the length and diameter of taproot was long and thick, so the fresh weight of root per plant was 20 g or more, which was heavier than 16.9 g of the 9% light-receiving plastic house. The disease incidence (Alternaria blight, Gray mold and Damping-off etc.) rate were 0.9-2.7%. The incidence of Sclerotinia rot disease was 7.5-8.4%, and root rot was 0-20.0%. The incidence ratio of rusty root ginseng was 34.4-38.7% level, which was an increase from the previous year's 15% level.

• Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2012

This study introduces a methodology to evaluate different types of non-nuclear technologies to see how they are competitive to the nuclear technology for quality control (QC) and quality assurance (QA) in soil condition measurement for highway pavement construction. The non-nuclear methods including the Electrical Density Gauge (EDG) and the Light Weight Deflectometer (LWD) were tested for their performance against a nuclear gauge, and traditional methods were used as baselines. An innovative way of comparing a deflection gauge to a density gauge was introduced. Results showed that the nuclear gauge generally outperformed the non-nuclear gauge in accuracies of soil density and moisture content measurements. Finally, a framework was developed as a guideline for evaluating various types of non-nuclear soil gauges. From other perspectives rather than accuracy, it was concluded that the non-nuclear gauges would be better alternative to the nuclear gauge when the followings are considered: (1) greater life-cycle cost savings; (2) elimination of intense federal regulations and safety/security concerns; and (3) elimination of licensing and intense training.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.1057-1065
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• 2010

Recent urban concerns over environmental problems have furthered interest in green roof system. Plant growth and load bearing capacity of an underlying roof are key factors to determine an optimal system. This study was carried out to develop an optimal extensive green roof system for shrubs assessing the effects of substrate type and soil depth on the growth of $Rhododendron$ $indicum$ Sweet. in the experimental systems with different soil types and depths from 2001 to 2008. Substrate types of perlite alone and blended with sandy loam (v/v, 1:1) were used on the experimental systems with depths of 30 cm, 45 cm, and 60 cm. The survival rate of the plants on the perlite alone + 45 cm soil depth system (RS-A-45) was 100% during the experimental period, while those on the perlite alone + 30 cm soil depth system (RS-A-30) and perlite blended + 60 cm soil depth system (RS-B-60) showed 33% and 67%, respectively, in 2008. The overall plant growth and soil properties of RS-A-45 were superior to the others. At 8 years after installation, the total weight of RS-A-45 including plant fresh weight was about $376.6kg{\cdot}m^{-2}$ in field capacity indicating RS-A-45 can be optimal extensive and light weight green roof system.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 2003

Focusing on native plants that have a high possibility of being introduced as extensive rooftop material, this study was conducted to realize extensive and easy-to-manage rooftop gardens and to raise the utilization of native plants by verifying their growing response to soil media and depth. Its result is as follows: 1) In the case of Chrysanthemum zawadskii, the top growth was better in sandy loam than in P$_1$V$_1$P$_2$, and P$_1$V$_1$P$_3$, but the mortality rate was high, making it unsuitable soil. Regarding soil depth the mortality rate was lower in 10cm than in 5cm, and it grew well in 10cm. When using it for rooftop gardens, it would be desirable to keep the minimum viable soil depth over loom. 2) In the case of Sedium middendorffianum the mortality rate was 0% regardless of soil media and depth making it very suitable material for rooftop garden. Although the flowering rate was somewhat lower in P$_1$V$_1$P$_2$, and P$_1$V$_1$P$_3$ than in sandy loam, the mortality rate was low and the root growth was good. Therefore, provided that fertilizing is managed well, it is a plant that can be highly utilized. 3) In the case of Allium senescens, the mortality rate was 0% regardless of soil or soil depth, making it a very suitable plant for extensive rooftop gardens. Although top growth was poorer in P$_1$V$_1$P$_2$, and P$_1$V$_1$P$_3$than in sandy loam the root growth was good. Therefore, provided that fertilizing is managed well, it is a plant that can be highly utilized. In conclusion the study revealed that suitable species for extensive rooftop gardens are Sedium middendorffianum and Allium senescens. However, Chrysanthemum zawadskii can be utilized greatly when fertilizing is managed regularly in artificial mixed soil over l0cm.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.11
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• pp.957-965
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• 2021

This research was carried out to investigate seed germination and growth of the perennial plant Apocynum lancifolium under different NaCl concentrations, with a view for future cultivation on reclaimed land. Initial characterization revealed that the average length and weight of A. lancifolium seed pods was 133.6 mm and 0.23 g, respectively, and the thousand-grain weight was 0.59 g. Upon examining the effects of light on seed germination, we found germination to be 1.7% higher under light conditions (90%) than under dark conditions (88.3%). In terms of the response to salt stress, we found that 90% of seeds germinated in the 0.00%, 0.25%, and 0.50% salt treatment groups. Although salt treatment up to a concentration of 0.5% was found to have little effect on seed germination, the rate of germination decreased at higher concentrations and was completely inhibited in the 2% treatment. We also established that germination rates were higher in seeds sown in horticultural topsoil than in the coarse sandy soil found in the plant's natural habitats. Although the growth of A. lancifolium tends to decrease with an increase in salt concentration, we found that the stem thickness, fresh weight, and dry weight of A. lancifolium seedlings subjected to 0.25%-1.0% salt were comparable to those of the control seedling that were not exposed to salt. Furthermore, in contrast to those plants subjected to 2.0% salt, these plants continued to grow and remained viable.