• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.60-68
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• 2004

Potato dextrose broth was the best inoculation medium to produce in vitro synnemata of Paecilomyces tenuipes. The optimum temperature for synnemata formation of P. tenuipes was $20^{\circ}C$ under 500 lx of light intensity. Highest synnemata production was observed at 18 hr of light period per day. The medium containing 50 g of each silkworm pupae and brown rice produced highest number of synnemata. The optimum ratio of brown rice to distilled water was found as 1:1. Mycelial growth and synnemata production of P. tenuipes was faster and higher in medium containing grinded pupae as compared to whole pupae. The optimum inoculum amount per bottle of medium was 15ml. The highest synnemata production of P. tenuipes was obtained by incubating rice pupae medium at $24^{\circ}C$ until mycelium grows sufficiently after inoculation and then transferring it to $20^{\circ}C$ chamber till harvest.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.175-182
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• 2010

North American ginseng seedlings (Panax quinquefolius L.) were grown in pots in heated greenhouses, in a cool greenhouse, or in the field, in 11 experiments at various times over 16 years. Crop establishment, dry matter partitioning, photosynthesis, radiation use efficiency and carbon budget were measured and/or calculated in some years. Once the seedling canopy, of about $20\;cm^2$ per seedling, and a leaf area index of 0.37, was established, about 40 days after germination, full canopy display lasted about 87 days. Only 16.6% of the incoming solar radiation was intercepted by the crop, the remainder falling on the mulched soil surface. Total and root dry matter accumulations in the cool greenhouse and in the field were about double that in the heated greenhouses. Partitioning of dry matter to roots (economic yield or harvest index) in the cool greenhouse and in the field was 73% whereas it was 62.5% in the heated greenhouses. The relationship between root dry matter and radiation interception during the full canopy period was linear with growth efficiencies of $2.92\;mg\;MJ^{-1}$ at 4.8% of incoming radiation and $0.30\;mg\;MJ^{-1}$ at 68% of incoming radiation. A photosynthetic rate of $0.39\;g\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$ was attained at light saturation of about $150\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ (7.5% of full sunlight); dark respiration was $0.03\;g\;m^{-2}\;h^{-1}$, about 8.5% of maximum assimilation rate. Estimates of dry matter accumulation by growth analysis and by $CO_2$ uptake were similar, 6.21 vs. 7.62 mg $CO_2$, despite several assumptions in $CO_2$ uptake calculations.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.132-139
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• 2023

Light plays an important role in fruit-body development and morphology during Pleurotus spp. cultivation. To understand the effects of light color on fruit-body properties, we evaluated the fruit-body characteristics of Pleurotus spp. Varieties cultivated under blue, red, and purple LED light sources. The main results are as follows: The overall fruit-body shape showed differences depending on the color of the LED light. The fruit-bodies of mushroom cultivated under blue and purple light were generally similar to the mushroom shapes typically produced, while those of mushroom cultivated under green light were abnormally shaped, probably due to the absence of effective light source. The average cap lightness of mushrooms cultivated under blue, green, and purple LED lights was 57.0, 57.4, and 59.4, respectively. The average cap lightness of all varieties except Wonhyeong1ho and Hwang-geumsantari cultivated under the three LED light sources were statistically significantly different (P<0.05). The cap redness varied significantly depending on the LED lighting and variety. Only Gonji7hoM, the cap color mutant of Gonji7ho, showed negative cap redness values under all three LED light sources. Among the eight varieties excluding Gonji7ho, the highest cap redness was observed when cultivated under the blue LED. The average harvest weight of the varieties cultivated under purple, blue, and green LED light were 68.0, 58.3, and 50.1 g, respectively. The yield of Gonji7ho, the mushroom variety with the highest yield, cultivated under blue, green, and purple LED light were 92.8, 77.1, and 98.6 g, respectively. The earliness when grown under the purple, blue, and green LED lights were 5.3, 5.8, and 5.8 days, respectively. Among the varieties, six, three, and two cultivars showed the shortest earliness under the purple, green, and blue LED, respectively. The fruit-body lengths were 66.4, 51.8, and 46.8 mm when cultivated under green, purple, and blue lights, respectively. These results are expected to serve as a foundation for producing mushrooms with traits demanded in the market.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.238-242
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• 2004

Antifungal agents, flavofungin and fungichromin were isolated from the fermentation culture broth of a Streptomyces sp. SKM338. Biological evaluation of these antibiotics indicated that the compounds possesses broad spectrum antifungal activity against various pathogens. Especially, these compounds inhibited throughly growth of Didymella bryoniae, caused Gummy stem blight of melons, occurs in the southeastern Korea. Inhibition of this pathogen may be prevented from directly reducing both pre- and post-harvest yields.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.1625-1642
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• 2015

We propose an electrically self-reliant structural health monitoring (SHM) system that is able to wirelessly transmit sensing data using electrical power generated by vibration without the need for additional external power sources. The provision of reliable electricity to wireless SHM systems is a highly important issue that has often been ignored, and to expand the applicability of various wireless SHM innovations, it will be necessary to develop comprehensive wireless SHM devices including stable electricity sources. In light of this need, we propose a new, highly efficient vibration-powered generator based on a tuned-mass-damper (TMD) mechanism that is quite suitable for vibration-based SHM. The charging time of the TMD generator is shorter than that of conventional generators based on the impedance matching method, and the proposed TMD generator can harvest 16 times the amount of energy that a conventional generator can. The charging time of an SHM wireless transmitter is quantitatively formulated. We conduct wireless monitoring experiments to validate a wireless SHM system composed of a self-reliant SHM and a vibration-powered TMD generator.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.273-277
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• 1981

This study was carried out in 1979 to establish the proper mulching culture method for an aromatic tobacco, ST 375-4. Three different methods of mulching were employed: Improved mulching (I. M.), General mulching (G. M.) and Non-mulching (N. M.). The number of seedlings per hole was 5 for I. M., and one for G. M. and N. M. In comparison with N. M., I. M. had shortened final date of leaf harvest by 14 days, enabling curing leaves before the rainy season. It also reduced transplanting labour hours by 44.9%. Yield and price value increased with improved mulching culture. There was little difference in relative light intensity at leaves between N. M. and I. M.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• no.11
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• pp.45-49
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• 1970

In the light of the present situation of fertilizing presently apllied in farmer's mulberry fields, it was considered to be value enough to carry out the experiment on whether its degree of fertilizing have no affect on silkworm growth and their cocoon harvest as well, so that the results thus obtained from the experiment are as following; The amount of fertilizing, N 44.4kg, P$_2$O$\sub$5/ 18.4kg, and K$_2$O 34.4kg, respectively were minimum for the . east affect on the silkworm growth and cocoon yields.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.142-142
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• 2023

Cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) has excellent physical properties and texture of starch, so it is mainly used in various ways for songpyeon sediment, rice-cake paste, and porridge. To utilize it as various processed products such as songpyeon sediment and cowpea milk, 'Okhyun', which has green cotyledons and black seed coats and can be harvested by combine was developed. A cowpea variety 'Okhyun' was improved from the cross between IT145379 and IT208081 at the JARES in 2022. 'Okhyun' has an erect plant with an intermediate plant habit, a light purple-colored corolla, and heart-shaped leaflets. 'Okhyun' has green cotyledons and black seed coats, and has straight black brown pods when mature. The stem length of 'Okhyun' is 47cm, and the weight of 100-seed weight was 12.9g, which was lower than the control variety 'Okdang'(16.6g). 'Okhyun' contains 25.8mg/100g of anthocyanin, 279mg/100g of total polyphenols, and 335mg/100g of total flavonoids, respectively. The average yield of 'Okhyun' was 1.97ton per hectare, 11% higher than that of the control cultivar 'Okdang'. 'Okhyun'' does not require the installation of an espalier-net net, so it is possible to harvest with a combine. In addition, 'Okhyun' variety with green cotyledons and a black seed coat is expected to contribute to developing regional specialties and various processed products.

• Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.2634-2648
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• 1972

The aim of this Study is to bring Light on the effect of irrigation water temperature to the growth and harvest of Paddy rice in Various water Sources. 1. This research was completed in the writer's home nursery garden Located in Chungyoung-Ri, Hoeng sung-Myun, Hoengusung-Konn, Kangwan-Do. 2. The variety of Paddy rice was the IR667. 3. Practice was done by the treatment I .e river water, reservoir, tube well cold and tuke well warm with 3 riplications each. 4. The Paddy was transplanted in a pot 0.9 meter height and 1 meter Square without hottom filled with paddy soil to a planting depth 0.5 meter. The pot was laid underground and Covered with a film of polyethylene to keep of the rain. 5. The method of Cultivation was that used by the Filed Crops Experiment Station of the Office of Rural Development. 6. Atmospheric temperature was recorded every day of the growing period. The precipitation and Sun light was quoted by the KF-46 of Hoengsung. 7. The Soils in the test plots was relatively fortile, being Similar to ordinary paddy soils. 8. The charactor of irrigation water of surface and underground was both normal. 9. During the period of growth the average temperature of the underground water as $14.2^{\circ}C$ and that of the Surface was $24.1^{\circ}$. 10. The most useful water for the rice growing was that of river and reservoir while underground water was found to be generally injurious to the paddy growth because of low temperature. 11. In the case of underground water, there proved to be such harmful effects as reduction of culm length, rate of mature grain, panicle Length and grain weight and delay of tillering time, and heading time. Reading Therefore the writer conduded that the harvest of rice irrigated with underground water Showed a reduction of 15.8% compered with the rice irrigated by surface water.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.319-327
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• 2023

To harvest marketable cucumbers, high quality seedlings must be used. Producing seedlings in the greenhouse during the low radiation period decreases marketability due to insufficient light for growth. Supplemental lighting with artificial light of different quality can be used to improve low light conditions and produce high quality seedlings. Therefore, this study was conducted to select the appropriate supplemental light sources on the growth and seedling quality of grafted cucumber seedlings during the low radiation period. Three cultivars of cucumber were used as scions for grafting; 'NakWonSeongcheongjang', 'Sinsedae', and 'Goodmorning baekdadagi'. Figleaf gourd (Cucurbita ficifolia) 'Heukjong' was used as the rootstock. The seeds were sown on January 26, 2023, and grafted on February 9, 2023. After graft-taking, cucumbers in plug trays were treated with RB light-emitting diodes (LED, red and blue LED, red:blue = 8:2), W LED (white LED, R:G:B = 5:3:2), and HPS (high-pressure sodium lamp), respectively. Non-treatment was used as the control. Supplemental lighting was applied 2 hours before sunrise and 2 hours after sunset for 19 days. The stem diameter and fresh and dry weights of roots did not differ significantly by supplemental light sources. The plant height and hypocotyl length were decreased in W LED. However, the leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, and fresh and dry weights of shoots were the highest in the RB LED. Seedling qualities such as crop growth rate, net assimilation rate, and compactness were also increased in RB LED and W LED. After transplanting, most of the growth was not significant, but early yield of cucumber was higher in LED than non-treatment. In conclusion, using RB LED, W LED for supplemental light source during low radiation period in grafted cucumber seedlings improved growth, seedling quality, and early yield of cucumber.