• Title/Summary/Keyword: Light and Shade

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Effects of shading on the growth of variegated liriope (Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang. forma variegata Hort) (차광이 반입맥문동(Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang. forma variegata Hort.)의 생육에 미치는 영향)

  • 최상태;김지은;박인환;안형근;김성태
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.15 no.2
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    • pp.77-86
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    • 2001
  • The experiments were carried out to investigate effect of shading rare on variegata appearance and leaf growth of variegated liriope (Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang variegata Hort.) The plant was grown under four different light intensities such as 0(natural light intensity), 25, 50 and 75% shading conditions. Leaf variegata appearance was better in the light than in the shade. Leaf showed good growth at 0, 25% shading treatment, average leaf width and area of yellow part were highest at 0% shading treatment. As increased shading rate, number of stomate per unit area decreased. Total chlorophyll of the whole leaf and green part were reduced by increasing shading rate, while yellow part showed oppositely. In the epidermis, cell size of 75% shading treatment showed larger than those of 0% shading treatment.

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Cloning of CAB cDNA encoding chlorophyll a/b binding protein of photosystem II in Korean ginseng and Use in Plant (고려인삼 광계 II Chlorophyll a/b binding Protein 유전자(CAB)의 cloning 및 식물에의 활용연구)

  • 김갑식;이기원;이종철;여운형;채순용;박은경
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.152-159
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    • 1999
  • A CAB cDNA clone(pKGCAB) encoding the light harvesting chlorophyll a/b binding protein of the semi-shade plant, Korean ginseng(Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) was isolated by the one-way path random sequencing of ginseng cDNA library clones and transgenic tobacco plants(Nicotiana tabacum NC82) were produced by the transformation of this ginseng CAB gene in use of Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. The CAB gene showed type 1 structure of LHCP-II, 84% similarity in nucleotide sequence and 92% in amino acid sequence to that of Nicotiana tabacum CAB40, respectively. Seed germination and initial growth of the transgenic tobacco plants transformed with the cDNA fragment were accelerated under low light intensity compared with those of normal tobacco plant, that may result from the higher light sensitivity of the transgenic plants than that of the normal.

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Comparison of Growth Characteristics and Ginsenoside Contents of 3-Year-Old Ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) by Drainage Class and Shade Material in Paddy Soil (논토양에서 해가림 유형별 3년생 인삼의 생육과 진세노사이드함량 비교)

  • Lee, Sung-Woo;Kim, Gum-Sook;Hyun, Dong-Yun;Kim, Yong-Burm;Yeon, Byeong-Yeol;Kang, Seung-Won;Kim, Young-Churl
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.54 no.4
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    • pp.390-396
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    • 2009
  • To select optimal shade material in paddy soil, growth characteristics and ginsenoside contents were investigated in new cultivar, 'Cheonpoong' of three-year-old ginseng cultured under three kinds of shade materials such as three-layered blue and one-layered black PE (polyethylene) net (TBPN), blue PE sheet (BPSS), and aluminium-coated PE sheet (APSS). The order of light transmission ratio and air temperature by shade materials were BPSS > APSS > TBSB among three shade materials. Average soil water tension in PDC and IDC was 64 mbar (absolute soil moisture, 25%) and 123 mbar (absolute soil moisture, 17%), respectively, and soil water tension in IDC was changed more distinctly than that of PDC by season and shade materials. Yield in PDC was distinctly decreased more than that in IDC because of the increase of discolored-leaf and rusted-root ratio. BPSS and TBPN among three shade materials were the most effective on the increase of yield in PDC and IDC, respectively. Ratio of rusty-colored root showed not significant difference by drainage class and shade materials. Contents of panaxatriol ginsenoside (Rg1, Re and Rf) were decreased in PDC, while it of panaxadiol ginsenoside (Rb1, Rc and Rd) were increased in IDC. Total ginsenoside contents of IDC was distinctly higher than that of PDC, and BPSS showed the highest contents among three shade materials regardless of poorly and imperfectly drainage class.

Color changes in composite according to various light curing sources

  • Kim, Myung-Cho;Cho, Young-Gon
    • Proceedings of the KACD Conference
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    • 2001.11a
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    • pp.578.2-578
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    • 2001
  • The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color change of composite resin polymerized with three type of light curing units. Composite resin (Z100, shade A2) were condensed inside a 2 mm thick metal mold with 7 mm diameter and devided into three groups. Twenty specimens of each light curing units were made. Group 1 : the specimens were polymerized with Apollo 95E (AP) for 3 seconds ($1370{\;}㎽/\textrm{cm}^2$). Group 2: the specimens were polymerized with Spectrum 800 (SP) for 10 seconds ($250{\;}㎽/\textrm{cm}^2$) and 30seconds ($700{\;}㎽/\textrm{cm}^2$). Group 3: the specimens were polymerized with XL 3000 (XL) for 40 seconds ($480{\;}㎽/\textrm{cm}^2$).(omitted)

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A Study on the Lighting for Dancing Art (무용예술을 위한 무대조명에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Jang-Weon;Yi, Chin-Woo
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.218-223
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    • 2009
  • Even though the movement of human body contruct the primary factor of Dancing Art, spectators appreciate more meaningful expression of the stage that stand above limited space and time. Lighting is a distinctive expressive mechanism of obvious line, form and rhythem of human body by marking a light and shade through artificial beams into the stage. As Dancing art is different from drama, lighting of dancing stage should be distinguished from that of drama stage.

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The color characteristics of preferred clothing textiles of college students in spring and fall - A comparison of clothing textiles for top and bottom - (대학생의 춘추용 의복품목별 선호소재의 색 특성 연구 - 상의와 하의용 의복소재의 비교 -)

  • Kim, Hee-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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    • v.44 no.10
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    • pp.47-55
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    • 2006
  • The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the color characteristics of preferred clothing textiles of college students. One hundred nine male and female college students were evaluated for their preference to clothing textiles in previous research. To analyze the color characteristics, spectral data were measured. Color, color tone, and values of $L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$ according to clothing item were compared. In addition, chromaticity diagram was drawn. The results of this study were as following. 1. The color of the shirts textile that college student preferred most in spring/fall was PB(purple blue) color, lt(light) tone. In general, the preferred textiles for shirts represented a simple color that is close to achromatic color with light and soft shade. The color of the blouse textiles that college student preferred most was PB color, d(dull), g(grayish) and W(white) tone. 2. The most frequently shown color of upper garment was PB, followed by Y(yellow) for shirt and R(red) for blouses. College students prefer a simple color which is close to achromatic color, and a light and soft color was preferred for shirts fabric and they preferred various, medium shades, but closer to pure colors for blouses because college students tend to consider that the aesthetic side is important and usually wear blouses less often than shirts. 3. For slacks, the colors of the preferred textiles were B(blue), PB color and lt.g.(light grayish), g, d and bk(black) tone. Therefore, the preferred textiles for slacks represented simple colors such as bluish or close to achromatic color with light or dark shade. For skirt, YR(yellow red), PB color and lt.g, lt, d. tone were preferred. Therefore, soft light or moderately toned various colors that are close to pure color were especially preferred for skirts. 4. The colors of preferred fabrics for slacks and skirts differed. The colors of the preferred fabrics for slacks were mostly cold color, whereas those of skirts were mostly warm color. And college students preferred various, medium shaded and closer to pure colors for skirts because they tend to consider the aesthetic side as being important. 5. The pattern of preferred fabrics was mostly solid, regardless of clothing item, and melange was the second most preferred pattern. 6. Through the analysis of $L^*,\;a^*,\;b^*$ values, shirt and blouse textiles showed higher $L^*$ value than that of slacks and skirt. The preferred textiles of college students were generally close to achromatic color because the values of $a^*$, and $b^*$ were very low, as confirmed by the result of the chromaticity diagram.

한국산과 일본산 더덕 ( Codonopsis lanceolata ) 의 종자 발아 특성에 관한 비교 연구 ( Germinability of Codonopsis lanceolata Benth. et Hook. fil. of Korea and Japan )

  • 김학현
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.1-10
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    • 1992
  • Germination characteristic between Korean species and Japanese one were identified. Seed waslow temperture germinability. Optimum temperature of germination:on was 16$^{\circ}C$ -19$^{\circ}C$. Germinationrate was effected more when treated with GA3 of 1000ppm at shade and light place. Germinationrate was no significant difference between Korean species and japanese one. e.

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Effects of Shading on the Growth and Chlorophyll Fluorescence under Agrivoltaic System Conditions

  • Hoejeong Jeong;Myeong-Gue Choi;Woon-Ha Hwang
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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    • 2022.10a
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    • pp.120-120
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    • 2022
  • Agrivoltaic System (AVS) was introduced with the concept that it could generate electricity by using the extra light remain after crops use for photosynthesis in farm, which can earn additional income. However, crop yield was declined under the AVS condition due to the decrease in light energy. In the past, many researchers have been studied about crop states under shading conditions. However, the phenomenon of partial shading such as under the AVS is not well studied. In this study, to figure out the response of crop under the different light conditions, the electron transport rate (ETR) and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of rice was investigated using the chlorophyll fluorescence measurement. Also, physiological changes of crops under the shading conditions were investigated. The growth experiment under partial shading under AVS and overall shading which made of 35% shade cloth was conducted to understand the eco-physiological responses of rice to light in terms of the photosynthesis. Under the shading conditions, SPAD value and chlorophyll contents were higher, but the leaf thickness was lower than control. The overall shading condition show lower ETR than others during the growing season. In contrast, NPQ was higher than other treatments. This means the available light energy cannot contribute to photosynthesis under the shading condition.

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Growth Characteristics and Physiological Adaptation of Pinus densiflora Seedling in the Canopy Gap (소나무 묘목(苗木)의 Gap내 생장(生長) 및 생리적(生理的) 적응과정(適應過程))

  • Jin, Yonghuan;Lee, Don Koo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.89 no.3
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    • pp.452-460
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    • 2000
  • This study was to investigate the growth characteristics, physiological adaptation of Pinus densiflora(Japanese Red Pine) seedlings at the artificial canopy gap in the Quercus acutissima plantation and to analyze its natural regeneration mechanism. Photosynthetic and transpiration rates were analyzed by different levels of photosynthetically active radiation and by seedling growth. Comparing to seedlings at the open area, those at the canopy gap showed more growth in height than in diameter with different levels of light quality and low light intensity, and the increase rate of dry weight was higher in the aboveground than in the underground, maintaining relatively high T/R rate. The C/F(the ratio of non-photosynthetic organs to photosynthetic organs in dry weight) of the aboveground at the canopy gap was higher than that at the open area by 0.1~0.2, while light saturation and light compensation points at the canopy gap were lower than that at the open area by $300{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$ and 40%, respectively. The seedlings appeared to have shade tolerance to a certain extent at the young growth stage despite Pinus densiflora is typically classified shade-intolerant species. With light intensity lower than $400{\sim}450{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$, photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency relatively increased by effective use of light energy.

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PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF PANAX GINSENG TO LIGHT

  • Park Hoon
    • Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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    • 1980.09a
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    • pp.151-170
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    • 1980
  • Physiological response of Panax ginseng var. atropurpureacaulo (purple stem variety, Pg) to light was reviewed through old literatures and recent experiments. Canopy structure, growth, pigment, leaf anatomy, disease occurence, transpiration, photosynthesis (PS), leaf saponin, photoperiodism and nutrient uptake were concerned. P. ginseng var. xanthocarpus (yellow berry variety, Px) and Panax quinquefolius(Pq) were compared with Pg if possible. Compensation point(Cp) increased with increase of light and ranged from 110 to 150 at $20^{\circ}C$ but from 140 to 220 at $30^{\circ}C$ with 4 to 15 Klux indicating occurence of light and temperature-dependent high photorespiration. Characteristics of Korea ginseng to hate high temperature was well accordance with an observation 2000 years ago. Korea ginseng showed lower Cp and appeared to be more tolerant to high light intensity and temperature than American sheng although the latter showed greater PS, stomata frequency and conductance, chlorophyll and carotenoids. Px showed lower PS than Pg probably due to higher Cp. Total leaf saponin was higher in leaves grown under high light. Ratio or diol saponin and triol saponin(PT/PD) decreased with increase of light intensity during growing mainly due to decrease of ginsenoside $Rg_1$ but increase of ginsenoside Rd. Leaves of Pg and Px had $Rg_1$ but no $Rb_3$ which was only found as much as $20\%$ of total in Pq leaves, and decreased with increase of light intensity. Re increased in Pg and Px but decreased in Pq with increase of light. PT/PD in leaf ranged 1.0-1.5 in Pg and Px but around 0.5 in Pq. Korea ginseng has Yang characteristics(tolerant to high light and temperature), cultured under Eum(shade) condition and long been used for Yang efficacy (to build up energy) while Pq was quite contrary. Traditional low light $intensity(3-8\%)$ for Korea ginseng culture appeared to be strongly related to historical unique quality. Effect of light quality and photoperiodism was not well known. Experiences are long but scientific knowledge is short for production and quality assessment of ginseng. Recent scientific knowledge of ginseng should learn wisdom from old experiences.

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