• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Purpose: This research aimed at understanding the dynamics of consumer behavior in the context of nostalgic desserts. The primary objective is to scrutinize how different attributes like quality, health, convenience, and trend influence customer satisfaction and their subsequent decision to repurchase nostalgic desserts. Research Method: The study leverages structural equation modeling, incorporating statistical tools such as SPSS and AMOS for a thorough analysis. It involves collecting data over a specified period, followed by correlation and trend analyses to deduce patterns and relationships. Results: The findings reveal that attributes such as quality, health, convenience, and trend significantly impact customer satisfaction and repurchase intentions. Interestingly, economic factors appeared to have a negligible effect on these decisions. The study offers a comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence consumer decisions in the context of nostalgic desserts, providing valuable implications for both academic research and practical marketing strategies. Conclusions: The insights garnered from this research are pivotal for formulating marketing strategies for nostalgic dessert brands. It underscores the importance of accentuating quality, health, and trend in product offerings to boost customer satisfaction and encourage repurchases. The study also sheds light on the evolving nature of consumer preferences and the integral role of nostalgia in shaping purchasing behaviors.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.511-518
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• 2004

Providing marine signal lanterns with advantages of little weight as well as large aperture, a Fresnel lens has been adopted to transfer the beam from the lanterns up to 10 nautical miles (18.53 km). A Fresnel lens with the diameter of 250 mm and 300 mm was designed by a lens design program and optimized by adjusting the groove parameters of the lens. The angular luminous intensity distribution (ALID) of this lens was calculated by using an illumination analysis program considering the ALID of a light bulb. At the best alignment of the bulb, the maximum luminous intensities (MLI) of the lantern were 1000 cd (in the case of 250 mm diameter) and 1300 cd (in the case of 300 mm diameter). These are more than the critical value of 720 cd that is the Korean Standard of MLI for the marine lantern. The ALID was investigated as a function of misalignment from the lens focus to determine the tolerance of the alignment ranges.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.419-424
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• 2016

In this paper, we studied a light distribution for the LED chips arrangement using an optical design software. The structures of the edge type LED luminaires are reflector plane, LGP(lighting guide plane) and diffuse plane. The reflector plane is on the middle of the overall structure. We had simulation that placing LED chips on the reflector center of the reflector edge by changing the position of LED chips above the reflector center at 1mm, 2mm, and 3mm respectively. In the case, when LED chips are on the center of the reflector, it shows the light distribution of the general diffuse illumination, the semi-direct distribution with 0.56 efficiency and the direct distribution with 0.31 efficiency. And the wedge type LGP shows more efficiency than the flat type. Gradually increasing shape of semi-spherical type by 0.015mm has power of 1.02W, efficiency of 0.25, and maximum luminous intensity of 0.104W/sr, it also and shows the better optical characteristics than the reflector plane that have no patterns. This semi-spherical type shows the better optical characteristics than the reflector plane that have no patterns.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.119-126
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• 2023

Today, in order to improve fuel efficiency and dynamic behavior of automobiles, an era of light weight and simplification of automobile parts is being formed. In order to simplify and design and manufacture the shape of the product, various components are integrated. For example, in order to commercialize three products into one product, product processing is occurring to a very narrow area. In the case of existing parts, precision die casting or casting production is used for processing convenience, and the multi-piece method requires a lot of processes and reduces the precision and strength of the parts. It is very advantageous to manufacture integrally to simplify the processing air and secure the strength of the parts, but if a deep and narrow pocket part needs to be processed, it cannot be processed with the equipment's own spindle. To solve a problem, research on cutting processing is being actively conducted, and multi-axis composite processing technology not only solves this problem. It has many advantages, such as being able to cut into composite shapes that have been difficult to flexibly cut through various processes with one machine tool so far. However, the reality is that expensive equipment increases manufacturing costs and lacks engineers who can operate the machine. In the five-axis cutting processing machine, when producing products with deep and narrow sections, the cycle time increases in product production due to the indirectness of tools, and many problems occur in processing. Therefore, dedicated machine tools and multi-axis composite machines should be used. Alternatively, an angle spindle may be used as a special tool capable of multi-axis composite machining of five or more axes in a three-axis machining center. Various and continuous studies are needed in areas such as processing vibration absorption, low heat generation and operational stability, excellent dimensional stability, and strength securing by using the angle spindle.

• Archives of design research
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• v.18 no.2 s.60
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• pp.325-334
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• 2005

The purpose of this thesis is to explore the fundamental reasons and general circumstances of the introduction of geometric shape to the 20th century's design education. The modern design education was directly influenced by the German Kindergarten Movement and its educational ideal, so they began to employ geometric shapes in visual education. When Friedrich Frobel, a professional German child educator of the 19th century, invented the 'Spielgaben,' it soon became a popular educational tool. It was a turning point in the child educational system, from then they began to actively employ 'tools' in art education. The Spielgaben was created based on the geometric principle of a popular block game of the 19th century. On the other hand, a game program called 'Bechaftigungsmaterial' led early Modernists to adopt geometric shape in their works. Then, geometric shape were applied to a primary educational program designed by the Bauhaus that gave birth to the Modern design education in the 20th century. likewise, the substantial reasons why the principles of point/line/plain and geometric shapes had been taken in the 20th century design education can be explained through this historical background. This research is to investigate how Kindergarten Movement and Modern design education can be associated with each other, particularly in the light of geometric elements. Therefore, I first referred to the historic records in order to reveal their relation, and then analyzed the similarities and differences between the two activities. In result, I could explore the relationship between child educational tools and the 20th century's design education.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.44-45
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• 2004

With the development of informational machinery and tools in the modern industrial society, the image is expressed diversely as tools of informational transmission and artistic communication. This image is revival equipment and transmissional media in which sound and light are comprehensively formed. The image's intuitive and sensational expressivity can revive subjects and express a fiction, a reality, a nonfiction, and a virtual reality as a communication tool that has synchronicity and the medium of meaning. Because of this, the domain of the image will be gradually extended in the future, and the world of cognizance that can be detected across our living space will absorb the image diversely and react. In this context, the investigator examined what influence image media and equipments have in space as spatial equipments, based on the recognition of cerrelation among the image, space, and mankind, namely, the environmental meaning the mage and the space contain. Therefore, this study was conducted from the aspects of relationship establishment between image equipments that are ever expansive to a variety of domains and the space that accommodates the equipments. As study findings, the influences the image equipments have on space and their expressional features are presented in three aspects: 'the expressional medium of mutual synergy','metaphysical ultra-epithelial space constituent',' and 'object'. This study seems to be meaningful in that we can expect the spatial approach method by purposes and spatial layout of image structures, with this study, through analyzing the meaning of relationship between image equipments and space.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.630-639
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the classifying ability of the igneous rocks with the naked eye for 36 preservice science teachers. For this, we selected six specimens of igneous rocks that consisted of rhyolite, andesite, basalt, granite, diorite, and gabbro, and performed the questionnaire with them. Preservice science teachers needed the average of 3 tools to classify the rocks. Most of the selected tools were loupe, streak plate, hammer and Mohs’ hardness scale. Many preservice science teachers selected basalt and granite samples to classify igneous rocks among 6 kinds of the rocks which were exhibited. However, the results of the identification with the naked eye showed that the right answer rate was significantly different based on what rock sample had been selected. Nobody gave the right answer among 10 students who chose the rhyolite sample, but all of 36 students who picked the basalt sample answered correctly. And $62\%$ of 8 students who chose the andesite sample, 62% of 32 student choosing granite, $7\%$ of 13 students choosing diorite and $44\%$ of 9 students choosing gabbro were correctly answered. In identifying igneous rock samples with the naked eye, most subjects relied on vesicular texture to basalt, and they used textural, color and empirical characters to granite. But, some felt more or less difficulty to distinguish between intermediate and light colors and to recognize porphyry.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.62 no.2
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• pp.289-302
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• 2023

In today's digital information society, student knowledge and skills to analyze big data and make informed decisions have become an important goal of school mathematics. Integrating big data statistical projects with digital technologies in high school <Artificial Intelligence> mathematics courses has the potential to provide students with a learning experience of high impact that can develop these essential skills. This paper proposes a set of guidelines for designing effective big data statistical project-based tasks and evaluates the tasks in the artificial intelligence mathematics textbook against these criteria. The proposed guidelines recommend that projects should: (1) align knowledge and skills with the national school mathematics curriculum; (2) use preprocessed massive datasets; (3) employ data scientists' problem-solving methods; (4) encourage decision-making; (5) leverage technological tools; and (6) promote collaborative learning. The findings indicate that few textbooks fully align with these guidelines, with most failing to incorporate elements corresponding to Guideline 2 in their project tasks. In addition, most tasks in the textbooks overlook or omit data preprocessing, either by using smaller datasets or by using big data without any form of preprocessing. This can potentially result in misconceptions among students regarding the nature of big data. Furthermore, this paper discusses the relevant mathematical knowledge and skills necessary for artificial intelligence, as well as the potential benefits and pedagogical considerations associated with integrating technology into big data tasks. This research sheds light on teaching mathematical concepts with machine learning algorithms and the effective use of technology tools in big data education.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2016.02a
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• pp.341-341
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• 2016

The discovery of light emission in nanostructured silicon has opened up new avenues of research in nano-silicon based devices. One such pathway is the application of silicon quantum dots in advanced photovoltaic and light emitting devices. Recently, there is increasing interest on the silicon quantum dots (c-Si QDs) films embedded in amorphous hydrogenated silicon-nitride dielectric matrix (a-SiNx: H), which are familiar as c-Si/a-SiNx:H QDs thin films. However, due to the limitation of the requirement of a very high deposition temperature along with post annealing and a low growth rate, extensive research are being undertaken to elevate these issues, for the point of view of applications, using plasma assisted deposition methods by using different plasma concepts. This work addresses about rapid growth and single step development of c-Si/a-SiNx:H QDs thin films deposited by RF (13.56 MHz) and ultra-high frequency (UHF ~ 320 MHz) low-pressure plasma processing of a mixture of silane (SiH4) and ammonia (NH3) gases diluted in hydrogen (H2) at a low growth temperature ($230^{\circ}C$). In the films the c-Si QDs of varying size, with an overall crystallinity of 60-80 %, are embedded in an a-SiNx: H matrix. The important result includes the formation of the tunable QD size of ~ 5-20 nm, having a thermodynamically favorable <220> crystallographic orientation, along with distinct signatures of the growth of ${\alpha}$-Si3N4 and ${\beta}$-Si3N4 components. Also, the roles of different plasma characteristics on the film properties are investigated using various plasma diagnostics and film analysis tools.

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.7-7
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• 2001

The increasing interest in light weight materials coupled to the need for cost -effective processing have combined to create a significant opportunity for aluminum P/M. particularly in the automotive industry in order to reduce fuel emissions and improve fuel economy at affordable prices. Additional potential markets for Al PIM parts include hand tools. Where moving parts against gravity represents a challenge; and office machinery, where reciprocating forces are important. Aluminum PIM adds light weight, high compressibility. low sintering temperatures. easy machinability and good corrosion resistance to all advantages of conventional iron bm;ed P/rv1. Current commercial alloys are pre-mixed of either the AI-Si-Mg or AL-Cu-Mg-Si type and contain 1.5% ethylene bis-stearamide as an internal lubricant. The powder is compacted in closed dies at pressure of 200-500Mpa and sintered in nitrogen at temperatures between $580~630^{\circ}C$ in continuous muffle furnace. For some applications no further processing is required. although most applications require one or more secondary operations such as sizing and finishing. These sccondary operations improve the dimension. properties or appearance of the finished part. Aluminum is often considered difficult to sinter because of the presence of a stable surface oxide film. Removal of the oxide in iron and copper based is usually achieved through the use of reducing atmospheres. such as hydrogen or dissociated ammonia. In aluminum. this occurs in the solid st,lte through the partial reduction of the aluminum by magncsium to form spinel. This exposcs the underlying metal and facilitates sintering. It has recently been shown that < 0.2% Mg is all that is required. It is noteworthy that most aluminum pre-mixes contain at least 0.5% Mg. The sintering of aluminum alloys can be further enhanced by selective microalloying. Just 100ppm pf tin chnnges the liquid phase sintering kinetics of the 2xxx alloys to produce a tensile strength of 375Mpa. an increilse of nearly 20% over the unmodified alloy. The ductility is unnffected. A similar but different effect occurs by the addition of 100 ppm of Pb to 7xxx alloys. The lend changes the wetting characteristics of the sintering liquid which serves to increase the tensile strength to 440 Mpa. a 40% increase over unmodified aIloys. Current research is predominantly aimed at the development of metal matrix composites. which have a high specific modulus. good wear resistance and a tailorable coefficient of thermal expnnsion. By controlling particle clustering and by engineering the ceramic/matrix interface in order to enhance sintering. very attractive properties can be achicved in the ns-sintered state. I\t an ils-sintered density ilpproaching 99%. these new experimental alloys hnve a modulus of 130 Gpa and an ultimate tensile strength of 212 Mpa in the T4 temper. In contest. unreinforcecl aluminum has a modulus of just 70 Gpa.