• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.243-253
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of an abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM) with a light load while sitting on transverse abdominis contraction in subjects with and without low back pain. Methods: In this study, 20 participants with chronic low back pain and 20 controls participated. Ultrasonography was used to assess the thickness of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and transversus abdominis (TrA) muscles. Muscle thickness was measured at rest and during ADIM in three different sitting postures: (1) just sitting, (2) sitting loaded position (holding a 1 or 2 kg dumbbell in each hand), and (3) sitting loaded shoulder flexion position (holding a 1 or 2 kg dumbbell in each hand). Results: The contraction ratio (CR) and preferential activation ratio (PAR) of the TrA during ADIM had no significant interactional effect between the group and the sitting postures. However, the CR and PRA of the TrA during the ADIM showed significant differences among the three different sitting postures. The CR of the TrA during the ADIM in the sitting loaded shoulder flexion position was significantly increased compared to that in the sitting position (p<0.05). Moreover, the PRA of the TrA muscle during ADIM in sitting loaded and sitting loaded shoulder flexion positions was significantly higher than that in the sitting position (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that ADIM in the sitting-loaded shoulder flexion position should be implemented to facilitate TrA activity.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.149-157
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• 2023

We investigated the involvement of autophagy with steroidogenesis in testicular Leydig cells. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated T production in Leydig cells was not remarkably altered in the presence of an autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Although pretreatment with 3-MA demonstrated a tendency to decrease hCG-induced T production, the differences were significant only at a higher time point of 24 h following hCG. Microtubule associated protein light chain 3 (LC3)-II was detectable in the control cells in all the experiments. The hCG-induced increase in steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and cytochrome P450 side chain cleave (P450scc) protein levels were not significantly altered by 3-MA. Leydig cells isolated from immature rat testes 12 h following hCG treatment showed relatively increased levels of LC3-II protein compared to the control group. Furthermore, LC3-II levels shown in these cells reached almost the identical to those from normal adult testes. However, LC3-II protein levels were almost comparable or even slightly lower than the controls at 48 h following hCG. Expression of StAR and P450scc was upregulated at both 12 and 48 h after hCG. We also used MA-10 cells, the mouse Leydig cell line, in this experiment. When dibutyryl cyclic-AMP was treated with MA-10 cells, P4 levels were significantly increased in the cell culture medium. However, P4 levels tended to decrease in the presence of 3-MA, but the difference was not statistically significant. This was consistent with the results of the rat Leydig cell experiments. Together, we believe that although autophagy participates in steroidogenesis and enhances steroidogenic efficacy of Leydig cells, it may not be a decisive cellular process for steroidogenesis, specifically in the mature Leydig cells.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.279-286
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• 2017

We investigated growth response and variation of ecological niche breadth of Hibiscus hamabo according to light, moisture and nutrient when global warming is proceeded by elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature. H. hamabo was cultivated in experimental condition in the greenhouse that are divided by control(ambient condition) and treatment(elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature). Light, moisture and nutrient gradients were treated within the control and the treatment. Although H. hamabo prefers higher light intensity(up to L3) to lowers', Hamabo mallow doesn't like excessive light intensity($787{\pm}77.76{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}s^{-1}$). Also, H. hamabo was difficult to grow in absent nutrient(0%) and excessive nutrient(20%). However, there was no trend with moisture gradients. The death rate of H. hamabo in the treatment was higher in all gradients except for the highest light intensity condition than control. It means that range of tolerance about light is narrowed when concentration of $CO_2$ gas and temperature is elevated. There was no trend of death rate according to moisture gradient, comparing between control and treatment. The death rate in all nutrient gradients within the treatment is lower than the controls'. It means that range of tolerance about nutrient is widened. The ecological niche breadth of H. hamabo in the treatment was narrower as 30.1% in light gradients but wider as 8.6% in moisture gradients and 30% in nutrient gradients than in the control. In the conclusion, when global warming is proceeded by elevated $CO_2$ concentration and temperature, growth of H. hamabo would be restricted by light intensity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.378-382
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• 2000

The effects of bisphenol A (BPA), known as one of the endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), on the hatching of fertilized eggs (FE) and the spawning of adult fish in songsari, Oryzias latipes were investigated. In condition of the experimental groups, incubated water temperature was $25.0{\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ and photoperiod was 16 h (light) : 8 h (dark). fE were exposed to aqueous solutions of BPA at nominal concentration of 50, 100 and $200 {\mu}g/l$. The time required in hatching of FE was long in the BPA $50 and 100 {\mu}g/l$ treatment groups when compared to the controls, and in the BPA $200 {\mu}g/l$ treatment group, FE failed to hatch. And also hatching rate was decreased in the BPA treatment groups in comparison to the controls, Adult fishes were reared to oral administration via a diet of 50, 100 and $200 {\mu}g/g$ body weight BPA concentration for 3 weeks, Number of total eggs spawned in the adult fish were fewer in the BPA 100 and 200 treatment groups than in the controls and BPA 50 treatment group. Frequency of abnormal eggs in the total eggs spawned was 11.8 and $16.2{\%}$ in the control and acetone carrier control lower than 36.8, 46,8 and $74.1{\%}$ in the BPA 50, 100 and 200 treatment groups, respectively. And hatching rate of FE decreased in the BPA treatment groups in comparison to the controls. In these results, inhibition of the hatching of FE and the quantity and quality of spawned eggs in adult fish were observed from BPA treatment groups when compared to the controls.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.487-494
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• 2016

This study aimed to visualize a pig character targeting the golden pig in Geuknakjeon of Bulguksa Temple. As for a pig, it is included in this list of the 12 Chinese zodiac animals and controls Haeshinjang. Today, the characters market is enjoying rapid growth due to diversification of platforms. However, we do not see many characters made out of Korean traditional cultures and customs. This study first looks into significance of pigs that are often observed in Korean traditional culture and then offers possibilities of their being transformed into contemporary characters. In order to achieve the research goals, the study shed new light on the golden pig in Bulguksa Temple. As making contemporary applications to , the study proceeded with work of visualization. As for a face of a character, the study focused on that of the pig but regarding a body, the study applied a man's body. After all, the study came up with this SD character in a second-proportioned figure. This study discuses formative characteristics of existing Buddhist cultural assets and uses the character for improving understanding on Korean traditional culture. In the future, the study will propose ideas on animation contents development targeting infants and children.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.337-340
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• 2007

In the dissertation, a power conversion system for fuel cell is composed of a PWM inverter with LC filter in order to convert fuel cell voltage to a single phase 220[V], In addition, new insulated DC-DC converters are proposed in order that fuel cell voltage is boosted to 380[V]. In this paper, it requires smaller components than existing converters, which makes easy control. The proposed DC-DC converter controls output power by the adjustment of phase-shift width using switch S5 and S6 in the secondary switch, which provides 93-97[%] efficiency in the wide range of output voltage. Fuel cell simulator is implemented to show similar output characteristics to actual fuel cell. Appropriate dead time td enables soft switching to the range where the peak value of excitation current in a high frequency transformer is in accordance with current in the primary circuit. Moreover, appropriate setting to serial inductance La reduces communication loss arisen at light-load generator and serge voltage arisen at a secondary switch and serial diode. Finally, TMS320C31 board and EPLD using PWM switching technique to act a single phase full-bridge inverter which is planed to make alternating current suitable for household.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11c
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• pp.620-622
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• 2004

Mobility of an indoor wheeled robot is affected by adhesion force that is related to various floor conditions. When the adhesion force between driving wheels and the floor decreases suddenly, the robot has a slip state. In order to overcome this slip problem, optimal slip velocity must be decided for stable movement of wheeled robot. First of all, this paper shows that conventional PI control can not be applied to a wheeled robot of the light weigh. Secondly, reposed fuzzy logic applied by the Takagi-Sugeno model for the configuration of fuzzy sets. For the design of Takaki-Sugeno model and fuzzy rule, proposed algorithm uses FCM(Fuzzy c-mean clustering method) algorithm. In additionally, this algorithm controls recovered driving torque for the restrain the re-slip. The proposed fuzzy logic controller(FLC) is pretty useful with prevention of the slip phenomena through that compare fuzzy with PI control for the controller performance in the re-adhesion control strategy. These procedures are implemented using a Pioneer 2-DXE wheeled robot parameter.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.43 no.2 s.308
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• pp.33-39
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• 2006

This paper designed the electronic circuit part of Potable Infrared Night Vision Scope for a small size, light weight, and low power. Designed electronic circuit part is composed of an Auto Voltage Selecting Module, and a Power Supply Module. An Auto Voltage Selecting Modulo is composed of a switch, a battery, a step up voltage part, and a selecting voltage part. A Power Supply Module is composed of a high luminous sensing part, a battery voltage sensing part, a infrared illumination part, a connection sensing part, and a power control part. And this module controls the power of Image Intensifier Tube. To verify the performance of the designed electronic circuit part, we experimented the consumption power and continuous using time. Experimental results show that the designed electronic circuit part improves considerably on the performance of the AN/PVS-14. performance.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.291-309
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• 2000

Statement of problem. There were several studies on the effects of irradiation to peri-implant bone tissue. However, no clear biological effect of irradiation on peri-implant bone tissue was reported yet. Purpose. This study compared the effect of irradiation on the surrounding tissue of a HA-coated implant fixture with controls. Material and methods. 6 Steri-Oss implants were implanted into the femur of 6 mongrels. The implanted dogs were divided into three groups and received irradiation. After 1 month, 2months and 4 months healing period, the histologic examination and mobility test and digital radiographic imaging analyses were performed to compare the control and experimental group respectively. Results. The irradiated group showed slower healing than control group in light microscopic observations. The mobility test demonstrated significant less number (Periotest) in control group than that of irradiated groups. The digital radiographic imaging analysis showed that the bone density of irradiated group was higher than control group. Conclusion. Generally, control group showed favorable biological response and less mobility than irradiated group. The conflict result of bone density value were measured by the digital radiographic imaging analysis. The digital radiographic imaging analysis needs more research in future.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.105-109
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on rat sciatic nerve regeneration in a 10 mm silicone chamber. Methods: A total of 6 inbred Lewis rats were used in this study. Bilateral sciatic neurectomy was performed on each rat. On one side, silicone chambers containing PRP solutions were implanted; on the contralateral side, the chambers without PRP were implanted as a control. In 12 weeks post-implantation, chambers were retrieved and both gastrocnemius muscles were excised. Nerves biopsy samples were examined under a light microscope after Masson trichrome staining. Results: Cross sections of the midpoints of PRP treated nerves were significantly larger and appeared more mature than those of controls. Conclusion: Based on morphological evidence, PRP has a positive effect on neural regeneration, and it may therefore be useful for treating peripheral nerve injuries.