• International Journal of Ocean System Engineering
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.61-67
• /
• 2013

In this study, wave spectrum based fatigue analyses are studied for Turkey's adjacent coastal seas by using Maestro finite element analyzing software. Palmgren-Miner's method is used to obtain the fatigue safe life time. Palmgren-Miner's method was selected for the fatigue analyses because of its good acceptance of data from almost all classification societies such as Germanischer Lloyd, the American Bureau of Shipping, Det Norske Veritas, etc. The maximum stress regions of the structures are obtained by using finite element analyses, and the results are compared with the endurance limit of the W$\ddot{o}$hler diagram of AA5059 H321 aluminum alloy. The wave characteristics table given in this article is used to obtain the number of cycles for each sea condition. By using the wave characteristics table, the wave lengths, wave speeds, and cycles are obtained. This study is performed to estimate the lifetimes of a semi-swath type coast guard boat and/or commercial yacht projects, which are produced by using AA5059 H321 aluminum alloy, under different sea environment conditions. Fatigue examinations are performed for both head seas and oblique seas.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.54-63
• /
• 2004

This study was accomplished to investigate the recognition and the using practices about food-nutrition labeling system of 20's consumers. Two hundred and fifty-four man and women were examined using the questionnaire. The results were as follows. 1. The degree of recognition of subjects about food-nutrition labeling system was low (43.3％) and the using practices were even lower (18.1％). 2. The items considered as important were in the order of shelf life, manufactured date and cost. 3. The confidence score to the food-nutrition labeling system of consumers was 3.2 and was higher in the females compared to males. 4. The preferred method of food-nutrition labeling was in the order of picture and graphic type method, table type method and descriptive type method. 5. The expected effects of the current food-nutrition labeling system were easy to select foods for the prevention of the adult diseases and diet therapy. From these results, we might propose the conclusion as follows: Food-nutrition labeling system might be a good source of nutrition information and the consumers'demand for disease-prevention and dietary purpose. Therefore, the agencies concerned should make an every effort for the successful implementation of food-nutrition labeling system.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.123-132
• /
• 2011

To evaluate the impact of avoidable mortality on the changes in life expectancy at birth in Korea. Standard life table techniques and the Arriaga method were used to calculate and to decompose life expectancy changes by age, effects and groups of causes of avoidable mortality among two periods(1990-2000 and 2000-2009). A list of causes of avoidable mortality reached by consensus and previously published in Spain was used. Mortality in young adults produced a reduction in life expectancy at birth during the 1990-2000, but there was an important increase in life expectancy at birth during the 2000-2009; in both cases, this was the result of factors amenable to health policy interventions. The highest improvement in life expectancy at birth was due to non-avoidable causes, but avoidable mortality through health service interventions showed improvements in life expectancy at birth in those elderly people than 1 year and in those younger. Making a distinction between several groups of causes of avoidable mortality and using decomposition by causes, ages and effects allowed us to better explain the impact of avoidable mortality on the life expectancy at birth of the whole population and gave a new dimension to this indicator that could be very useful in public health.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.4
• /
• pp.316-323
• /
• 2019

It is difficult to analyze pymetrozine in citrus fruits using the hydromatrix method because of its low efficiency of purification and overlap of matrix and pymetrozine peaks. Liquid-liquid extraction can analyze pymetrozine in citrus fruits using dichloromethane. Since low pH interferes with the extraction of pymetrozine, the extracts of citrus fruits were maintained over pH 7.0 by adding borax buffer and 1 N NaOH in the improved method. According to the improved method, citrus fruits (such as lemon, lime, orange, tangerine, and grapefruit) were extracted and purified for HPLC-photo diode array analysis. The results of validation were as follows: $4.360{\mu}g/kg$ of limit of detection, $14.533{\mu}g/kg$ of limit of quantitation, and 0.007 mg/kg of method quantitative limit. Citrus fruits spiked with pymetrozine showed a recovery range from 71.8 to 83.7% and a coefficient of variation below 6%. Thus, the improved method can efficiently analyze pymetrozine in citrus fruits.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.59-64
• /
• 2006

High Speed Machining(HSM) reduces machining time and improves surface accuracy because of the high cutting speed and feedrate. Development of HSM makes it allowable to machine difficult-to-cut material and use small-size-endmill. It is however limited to cutting condition and tool material. In the machining operation, it is important to check main parameter of tool life and select optimal cutting condition because tool breakage can interrupt progression of operation. In this study, cutting parameters are determined to 3 factors and 3 levels which are a spindle speed, a feedrate and a width of cut. Experiment is designed to orthogonal array table for L9 with 3 outer array using Taguchi method. Also, it is proposed to inspect significance of the optimal factors and levels by ANOVA using average of SN ratio for tool life. Finally, estimated value of SN ratio in the optimal cutting condition is compared with measured one in the floor shop and reduction of loss is predicted.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.1759-1768
• /
• 2018

The energy density, power density and ohm resistance of battery change significantly as results of battery aging, which lead to decrease in the accuracy of the equivalent model. A parameter identification method of the equivale6nt circuit model with 3 R-C branches based on the test database of battery life cycle is proposed in this paper. This database is built on the basis of experiments such as updating of available capacity, charging and discharging tests at different rates and relaxation characteristics tests. It can realize regular update and calibration of key parameters like SOH, so as to ensure the reliability of parameters identified. Taking SOH, SOC and T as independent variables, lookup table method is adopted to set initial value for the parameter matrix. Meanwhile, in order to ensure the validity of the model, the least square method based on variable forgetting factor is adopted for optimizing to complete the identification of equivalent model parameters. By comparing the simulation data with measured data for charging and discharging experiments of Li-ion battery, the effectiveness of the full life cycle database and the model are verified.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.221-234
• /
• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify and describe phenomenological structures of the experiences of dietary life on elderly over 100 years old. Methods: The participants of this research included nine persons over the age of 100 years of age and ten family members who assisted in the dietary regime. Qualitative data were collected by individual in-depth interviews. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method of phenomenology. Results: The results of the research provide four categories and nine theme clusters. The categories included a rustic menu consisting of vegetables, grain-oriented traditional food, sensible dining table in harmony with nature, dietary life and emphasis on how to eat. The nine theme clusters were preference for fresh vegetable, preference of cooked potherb, boiled rice and cereal as main staple food, intake of soybeans, preference of native local foods, non-preference of unhealthy foods, select healthy and control food portion sizes for longevity, objection to light eating, and enjoying a meal. Conclusion: The findings of the study offer insight about the nutrition patterns among the people over 100 years of age.

• Korea journal of population studies
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.123-137
• /
• 1996

The goal of this study was to measure the level of health quantitatively by combining mortality and morbidity level of the Korean people. The 1989 Life Table was used for the mortality data. For the morbidity data, the 15-day morbidity survey (10, 940) the hospitalized patient survey (1, 770), chronic morbidity survey (7, 241) of the 1989 National Health Sunvey conducted by Korean Institute of Health and Social Affairs were utilized. The life table analysis technique of Sullivan was adopted. The morbidity period and disability period required for this method were estimated by measuring disability period rate and disability rate. The disability free life expectancy was estimated by excluding disability life expectancy from life expectancy. In case of males, the disability-free life expectancy at birth was 60.48 years. In case of females, the disability-free life expectancy at birth was 63.80 years. The percent of disability-free life expectancy to life expectancy was 90.63% at birth in case of males and 85.20% in case of females. The portion of females was lower than that of males in all age brackets. Therefore, the percent of time spent without disability condition to life expectancy was higher for females than males. Estimating disability-free life expectancy by region, it was 61.52 years at birth in urban area and 59.34 years in rural area in case of males. In case of females, it was estimated to be 64.60 years in urban area and 63.08 years in rural area. The life expectancy of Koreans was 66.73 years for males and 74.88 years for females, 8.15 years higher than males while disability-free life expectancy was 60.48 years for males, 63.80 years for females, only 3.32 years higher than males.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.15 no.10
• /
• pp.4307-4309
• /
• 2014

Purpose: To calculate the probability of one person's life-time death caused by a malignant tumor and provide theoretical basis for cancer prevention. Materials and Methods: The probability of one person's death caused by a tumor was calculated by a probability additive formula and based on an abridged life table. All data for age-specific mortality were from the third retrospective investigation of death cause in China. Results: The probability of one person's death caused by malignant tumor was 18.7% calculated by the probability additive formula. On the same way, the life-time death probability caused by lung cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, colorectal and anal cancer were 4.47%, 3.62%, 3.25%, 2.25%, 1.11%, respectively. Conclusions: Malignant tumor is still the main cause of death in one's life time and the most common causes of cancer death were lung, gastric, liver, esophageal, colorectal and anal cancers. Targeted forms of cancer prevention and treatment strategies should be worked out to improve people's health and prolong life in China. The probability additive formula is a more scientific and objective method to calculate the probability of one person's life-time death than cumulative death probability.

• Journal of Aerospace System Engineering
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.126-132
• /
• 2023

Recently, the consideration of eco-friendly technology to reduce greenhouse gas is being emphasized in the aviation field. Various studies for applying electro-mechanical actuators that control mechanical linear and rotational movements using electricity as the primary power source are in progress. In this study, the fatigue analysis of the electro-mechanical actuator for the front wheel steering of a single aisle aircraft was carried out. A unit load stress table was constructed for the vulnerable part selected through structural analysis, and the representative stress for each load profile was calculated using the unit load stress table constructed for the vulnerable part. Then, individual profiles of representative stress group were extracted from continuous load profiles by applying the rainflow counting method. The damage of each profile was calculated by applying the S-N diagram. Finally, the total damage in the vulnerable parts was calculated by the linear cumulative damage law, and the fatigue life of the electro-mechanical actuator for the front wheel steering of a single aisle aircraft was evaluated.