• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2016

Recently, a massive loss of life and property is occurring in Korea due to traffic accidents, with the rapid increase in cars. For improvement of traffic safety, the Korea Transportation Safety Authority intensively analyzes accident data in local governments with low traffic safety index, performs a field investigation to extract problems and offers local governments improvements for problems, by conducting the 'Special Survey of Actual Conditions of Traffic Safety' each year, starting 2008. But local governments cannot strongly push forward the improvement projects due to the limited budget and the uncertainty of the improvement plan effects. Therefore, this study suggested a model which applied the Utility concept to the AHP theory, in order to efficiently decide a priority of the improvement plans in accident black spots in consideration of the limited budget of local governments. The number of accidents in each spot for improvement and accident severity, traffic volume, pedestrian volume, the improvement project cost and the accident reduction effect were chosen as evaluation factors for deciding a priority, and data about the improvement plan costs and the accident reduction effects, traffic accidents and traffic volume in the spots to undergo the special research on the real condition of traffic accident in the past were collected from the existing studies. Then, regression analysis was carried out and the Utility Curve of each evaluation factor was computed. Based on the AHP analysis findings, this study devised a priority decision method which calculated the weight and the utility function of each evaluation factor and compared the total utility values. The AHP analysis findings showed that among the evaluation factors, accident severity had the biggest importance and it was followed by the improvement plan cost, the number of accidents, the improvement effect, traffic volume and pedestrian volume. The calculated utility function shows a rise in utility, as the variables of the 5 evaluation factors; the number of accidents, accident severity, the improvement plan effect, traffic volume and pedestrian volume increase and a fall in utility, as the variables of the improvement plan cost increase, since the improvement plan cost is included in the budget spent by a local government.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.128-141
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• 2018

Industrial complex releasing huge amounts of dusts, fumes and wastewater containing heavy metal(loid)s could be a source of heavy metal(loid)s pollution in arable soil. Heavy metal(loid)s pollution in arable soil adversely affect crops safety, subsequently human being. Hence, it is important to accurately assess the heavy metal(loid)s pollution in soil using pollution indices. The objectives of this study are 1) to compare assessment methods of heavy metal(loid)s pollution in arable soils located near industrial complex in Gyeongsang provinces and 2) to determine the relationship between concentration of plant available heavy metal(loid)s and chemical properties of soil. Soil samples were collected from 85 sites of arable lands nearby 10 industrial complex in Gyeongsang provinces. The average total concentration of all heavy metal(loid)s of the studied soils was higher than that of Korean arable soils but did not exceed the warning criteria established by the Soil Environmental Conservation Act of Korea. Only six sites of arable soils for the total concentration of As, Cu and Ni exceeded the warning criteria (As: $25mg\;kg^{-1}$, Cu: $150mg\;kg^{-1}$, Ni: $100mg\;kg^{-1}$). The contamination factor (CF) and geoaccumulation index ($I_{geo}$) of the heavy metal(loid)s in arable soils varied among the sampling sites, and the average values of As and Cd were relatively higher than that of other metals. Results of integrated indices of As and Cd in arable soils located near industrial complex indicated that some arable soils were moderately or heavily polluted. The plant available concentration of heavy metal(loid)s was negatively related to the soil pH and negative charge of soil. Available Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations had relatively high correlation coefficient with pH and negative charge of soil when compared with other heavy metal(loid)s. Based on the above results, it might be a good soil management to control pH with soil amendments such as lime and compost to reduce phytoavailability of heavy metal(loid)s in arable soil located near industrial complex.

• 농촌계획
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.57-70
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• 2021

The degree of benefits of living services related to the quality of life can solve the depopulation problem, and it is necessary to be able to quantitatively analyze problems related to the quality of life in rural areas in order to cope with the rural depopulation. The purpose of this study was to develop the assessment model of a village-level rural living service that reflects the regional characteristics of rural villages to evaluate the level of rural living services for response rural depopulation. Based on the review of previous related studies, the evaluation index was composed of seven sectors of education, health, welfare, culture, environment, safety, and convenience, and the assessment model of a rural living service was established. This model was evaluated through a sample survey of 90 villages in Nonsan-si, Seongju-gun, and Pyeongchang-gun. As a result of the rural life services evaluation by Si and Gun, Seongju-gun, which is affected by nearby large cities, has the largest variation by village level and is assessed at a lower level overall than other Si and Gun. As a result of the rural life services evaluation by 7 sectors, in the case of health and welfare, low scores were shown in the assessment model, but the level of residents' satisfaction was mid-level. In particular, in the case of Seongju-gun, there were significant differences in the assessment model and the survey results of the level of residents' satisfaction in the health and welfare sectors due to the influence of nearby large cities. As a result of analyzing the number of villages corresponding to the top 30% and the bottom 30% of the evaluation results for each sector, it was analyzed that the villages with the highest evaluation results in Pyeongchang-gun in both the assessment model and the level of residents' satisfaction. It implies that quantitative analysis of data based index and accessibility as well as level satisfaction of residents are necessary.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제64권4호
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• pp.770-781
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• 2022

Meteorological disasters caused by climate change like heat, cold waves, and unusually long rainy seasons affect the milk productivity of cows. Studies have been conducted on how milk productivity and milk compositions change due to heat stress (HS). However, the estimation of losses in milk production due to HS and hereby environmental impacts of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are yet to be evaluated in Korean dairy farms. Dairy milk production and milk compositions data from March to October 2018, provided by the Korea Dairy Committee (KDC), were used to compare regional milk production with the temperature-humidity index (THI). Raw data for the daily temperature and relative humidity in 2018 were obtained from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA). This data was used to calculate the THI and the difference between the maximum and minimum temperature changing rate, as the average daily temperature range, to show the extent to which the temperature gap can affect milk productivity. The amount of milk was calculated based on the price of 926 won/kg from KDC. The results showed that the average milk production rate was the highest within the THI range 60-73 in three regions in May: Chulwon (northern region), Hwasung (central region), and Gunwi (southern region). The average milk production decreased by 4.96 ± 1.48% in northern region, 7.12 ± 2.36% in central region, and 7.94 ± 2.57% in southern region from June to August, which had a THI range of 73 or more, when compared to May. Based on the results, the level of THI should be maintained like May. If so, the farmers can earn a profit of 9,128,730 won/farm in northern region, 9,967,880 won/farm in central region, and 12,245,300 won/farm in southern region. Additionally, the average number of cows raised can be reduced by 2.41 ± 0.35 heads/farm, thereby reducing GHG emissions by 29.61 ± 4.36 kg CO₂eq/day on average. Overall, the conclusion suggests that maintaining environmental conditions in the summer that are similar to those in May is necessary. This knowledge can be used for basic research to persuade farmers to change farm facilities to increase the economic benefits and improve animal welfare.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.744-754
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• 2017

본 연구는 구호주거 성능 기준 및 개발의 기반을 다지기 위해 구호주거 성능지표 체계를 개발하고 지표의 도입 방안을 제시하는 것을 목표로 전문가 설문을 통한 계층적 분석 기법(Analytic Hierarchy Process)을 진행하였다. 구호주거 성능지표 체계를 구축하기 위하여 구호주거를 항구적 주택이 마련되기 전까지 일정 기간 사용되는 중장기 임시 거주 시설로 정의하고 안전성, 신속성, 재사용성, 거주성, 경제성을 주요 성능 요소로 도출하였고, 주요 성능 요소와 건축물의 전 생애주기를 연계하여 계층화된 성능지표 체계를 구축하였다. 개발된 구호주거 성능지표 체계의 항목별 중요도를 계층적 분석 기법에 따라 정량적으로 도출하였다. 마지막으로, 중요도 분석 결과를 바탕으로 종합 가중치 1-10 순위의 성능 기준과 각 범주별 1 순위의 성능 기준인 총 14 개의 성능 기준을 필수 성능 기준(반드시 충족), 그 외는 권장 성능 기준(선택적 충족)으로 분류하여 구호주거 개발의 모든 단계를 고려한 성능지표를 구축하였다. 추후 구호주거 성능지표의 완성으로 재난에 의해 발생하는 이재민의 안정적인 거주 보장과 빠른 일상복귀를 도모할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.35-45
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• 2002

This research is related to the evaluation of rural amenities. Since the UR negotiations, the wave of market liberalization has brought many difficulties to the rural areas. This paper serves to identify a number of important elements such as socialization, cultural and ecological resources and investigate the viability of rural areas. The purpose of this study is to evaluate rural amenities by evaluation indices and establish planning direction of amenities for rural areas. The data have been collected by methods of a field survey and a questionnaire survey. The evaluation indices have been defined as socialization, safety, amenity and convenience by several researches. Villages have been divided into two groups. Seven(Shimchon, Ibaek, Muan, Dokpyong-li, Imchin-li Hyangyang-li, Wonwol-li) have been newly constructed, six(baeksa, Mokmyon, yongho-li, shindyae-li, hwangdun·songgae) have been redeveloped. There are considerable differences in the degree of satisfaction between he two groups. The results are as follows: 1) socialization is very necessary for amenities in rural villages. Especially the values of the resident's interactions and management of the village are most important in the preparation of an amenity plan in rural areas. So the plans and establishment of public facilities are requisite for the residents community. 2) The convenience of rural public facility plans is necessary for the improvement of the farmers'living conditions. For planning the rural villages, special regards are paid to characteristics of the village, such as the former place of residence and occupations. 3) Newly constructed village should improve their socialization and the redeveloped types should try to get a better life for amenity and safety, The residents of the redeveloped types show relatively high degree of satisfaction with indices of resident community, living convenience facilities, and management of village. On the contrary, amenity and safety are good in newly constructed types. This study has taken into consideration the characteristics of rural villages. It makes a contribution to the redevelopment of rural villages and improves amenities in rural villages. It is recommended that more studies classify the resources of rural areas and measure amenities which are significant to city dwellers in the future.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.186-190
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• 2014

Background: Physical exercise during leisure time is known to increase physical capacity; however, the long-term effects on work ability and work strain are inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a 6-month physical exercise program on work ability and work strain after 6 months and 30 months, among women with menopausal symptoms at baseline. Methods: A questionnaire including questions on work ability and work strain was mailed in the beginning, at 6 months and after 30 months after the intervention to occupationally active women participating in a randomized controlled study on physical exercise and quality of life. The intervention included aerobic exercise training 4 times per week, 50 minutes per session. Work ability was measured with the Work Ability Index (WAI) and with questions about physical and mental work strain. Results: Women aged 47-62 years (N=89) who were occupationally active at baseline were included in the analyses. The increase in WAI from baseline to the end of the exercise intervention (6 months) was statistically significantly greater among the intervention group than among the control group (regression coefficient 2.08; 95% confidence interval 0.71-3.46). The difference between the groups persisted for 30 months. No significant short- or long-term effects on physical and mental work strain were found. Conclusion: A 6-month physical exercise intervention among symptomatic menopausal women had positive short-term as well as long-term effects on work ability.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.543-549
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• 2022

Background: In physical activity or labor, the human body is in a state of high intensity stress, and all parts or physiological functions of the body respond positively to maintain or balance the need for movement. The human body has many physiological changes in the process of movement, and fatigue is the external manifestation of various complex changes inside the human body. Fatigue is also a physiological mechanism of self-protection after the body reaches a certain level of activity, which can prevent the occurrence of life-threatening excessive functional failure. The generation of fatigue is a very complex process, and its mechanism has not been concluded yet. Therefore, it is an important work to search and screen the effective components of natural plants that have anti-fatigue effect and to explore their mechanism. Methods: This was a 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 110 subjects who passed physical examination were included according to the scheme design, and randomly divided into a test group which was given KRG and a placebo control group. The calculation is carried out according to the standard of sub-high-intensity exercise test. Results: There was no adverse effect on safety index of subjects after taking red ginseng capsule. After KRG treatment, subjective strength grade is significant lower than placebo treatment. Blood lactic acid content is significantly get lower after trial in KRG group, and significant lower than placebo group. Creatine phosphokinase(CK) content is significantly get lower after trial in KRG group, and significant lower than placebo group. Conclusion: According to the criterion in the test scheme, the result shows that KRG is helpful on relieving physical fatigue.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.597-605
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 미더덕양식장이 밀집되어 있는 남해안의 진동만 10개 정점에 대하여 미더덕과 주름미더덕의 양식순기에 맞추어 계절별(7월, 10월, 1월, 4월)로 실시하였으며, 어장 서식지 적합지수를 위한 어장평가인자로 수온, 클로로필 a, 부유입자물질, 해수유동, 염분, 용존산소 포화도를 이용하였다. 미더덕과 주름미더덕의 성장과 어장환경 상관성을 나타낼 수 있도록 각 인자들에 대한 그래프가 작성되었으며, 서식지 적합지수 산정결과 진동만의 서쪽해역(HSI 0.32~0.41)이 동쪽해역(HSI 0.19~0.27)보다 높은 적합지수를 보였다. 이러한 결과는 미더덕과 주름미더덕의 단위생산량과 유의한 상관성($R^2$=0.834, P<0.01)이 있음을 보였다. 본 연구는 과학적 어장적지평가를 통하여 지속적인 생산성을 위한 어장관리에 기여를 할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.377-382
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• 2011

살균소독제, 라미아-킬(benzalkonium chloride(20%), citric acid(20%))에 대하여 랫드와 토끼를 이용하여 급성경구독 성과 피부 자극성 평가를 각각 수행하였다. 랫드에 라미아-킬 2,000 mg/kg 농도를 최고농도로 하여 단회 투여 후, 14일간 관찰한 결과, 사망, 이상증상 및 체 중변화 등은 관찰되지 않아, 라미아-킬의 $LD_{50}$은 2,000 mg/kg 이상으로 추정되었다. 토끼의 등 부위의 털을 제거하고 찰과부위와 비찰과 부위에 여러 농도로 라미아-킬을 도포 한 후, 피부 자극성을 확인한 결과, 라미아-킬의 l차 자극 지수가 0.50으로 비자극성 물질로 분류되었다. 따라서, 본 연구를 통하여, 라미아-킬은 급성경구독성 시 안전한 물질이며, 피부 자극성을 야기하지 않는 물질로 평가되었다.