• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.141-148
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• 2011

This paper presents the quantitative analysis results of research on the burnup effect on the nuclear fuel cycle cost of BeO-$UO_2$ fuel. As a result of this analysis, if the burnup is 60 MWD/kg, which is the limit under South Korean regulations, the nuclear fuel cycle cost is 4.47 mills/kWh at 4.8wt% of Be content for the BeO-$UO_2$ fuel. It is, however, reduced to 3.70 mills/kWh at 5.4wt% of Be content if the burnup is 75MWD/kg. Therefore, it seems very advantageous, in terms of the economic aspect, to develop BeO-$UO_2$ fuel, which does not have any technical problem with its safety and is a high burnup & long life cycle nuclear fuel.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.91-101
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of cycle ergometer exercise inducing movement of the affected side on knee joint function after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: The primary experiment was conducted on 19 members of the cycle ergometer exercise group to measure the muscle activity of the rectus femoris, hamstring, tibialis anterior, and gastrocnemius muscles during cycle ergometer exercise that induced the affected side's movement. In the second experiment, after receiving physiotherapeutic intervention for 30 min, the general bicycle exercise group and cycle ergometer exercise group performed the corresponding exercise for 15 min, 5 times per week, for 2 weeks. The ROM, muscle strength, pain, and balance were then measured and compared between the two groups. Results: In the results of the primary experiment, cycle ergometer exercise inducing movement of the affected side showed a significantly larger increase in the activity of leg muscles (rectusfemoris, hamstring, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius) on the affected side than the general bicycle exercise (p <0.05). In the second experiment, the cycle ergometer exercise group showed a significantly larger increase in range of movement of affected side knee flexion and muscle strength of affected side knee flexion, knee extension, and plantarflexion than the general bicycle exercise (p <0.05). No significant between-group difference was observed in pain and balance before or after the intervention (p >0.05). Conclusion: Cycle ergometer exercise inducing movement of the affected side increases use of the muscles around the affected side knee joint after TKA more than general bicycle exercise and produces better effects for enhancing muscle strength. The application of cycle ergometer exercise inducing movement of the affected side is expected to reduce the patients' unbalanced use during the early postoperative period and help them to quickly return to normal daily life through rapid muscle strength recovery.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.82-87
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• 2014

Commonly known as the button mushroom, Agaricus bisporus is one of the most widely cultivated mushroom species of edible fungi. In the breeding of new button mushroom, Seolwon was developed by crossing two homokaryons. Because of the predominantly pseudohomothallic life cycle, only a small percentage of homokaryotic meiospores are produced, which do not fruit. Homokaryotic cultures derived from these types of single spores produce a vegetative mycelium that contain a variable number of genetically identical nuclei per cell. After crossing two homokaryons, hybrids were cultivated on a small scale and on a commercial scale at a farm. The spawn was made by a commercial spawn producer and the spawned compost by a commercial compost producer. Mycelial growth of Seolwon on CDA was better at $25^{\circ}C$ when it was compared with that of Seolgang. The mature cap shape of new strain Seolwon is oblate spheroid and the immature cap shape is round to oblate spheroid. The cap diameter was 39.7 mm on average. In comparison with white strain Seolgang, the strain had a yield that was 11% higher. It produced fruiting bodies which had a higher weight on average per fruiting body and were 9.7% firmer with a good shelf life. Days of fruiting body were 1-2 days later than those of Seolgang. The physical characteristics such as springiness, chewiness, adhesiveness, gumminess were better than that of Seolgang.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
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• v.8 no.6 s.31
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• pp.544-549
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• 2005

Nowadays, most of bridge networks are complete or close to completion. The biggest challenge railroad./highway agencies and departments of transportation face is the maintenance of these networks, keeping them safe and serviceable, with limited funds. To maintain the bridges effectively, there is an urgent need to predict their remaining life from a system reliability viewpoint. And, it is necessary to develop the maintenance models based on system reliability concept. In this paper, maintenance models are developed for preventive maintenance and essential maintenance by using system reliability and lifetime distributions. The proposed model is applied to an existing railroad bridge. The optimal maintenance strategy of this bridge is obtained in terms of services life extension and cumulative maintenance cost.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.83-100
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• 1990

The purposes of the study are to understand of rural family life cycle(FLC) and to get a FLC model for the twentieth in rural area. Data for the study were collected from 603 farm households in rural area. The major findings are as follows; 1) The age of first marriage was 21.5 years old(urban : 22.4), the first bearing 23.2(24.2), the last bearing 31.7(32.6), the first child marriage 47.2(46.5), and the last child marriage 59.7(52.7). The number of child and interval were 3.9 persons and 2.9 years respectively. From the survey results, the rural family life cycle was established. Establishment stage(from the marriage to the 1st child birth) : 21-23 yrs. Extension stage(from the 1st child birth to the last child birth) : 23-32 yrs. Complete extension stage(from the last child birth to the 1st child's marriage) : 32-47 yrs. Shrinking stage(from the 1st child's marriage to the last child's marriage) : 47-60 yrs. Complete shrinking stage(from the last child's marri ge to the death of husband) : 60-63 yrs. Dissolution stage(from the death of husband to the death of wife) : 53-75 yrs. 2) In general, the older the age, the younger the first marriage age, the greater the number of child, and the longer the interval of child bearing. The last child's marriage was too last to have the period of recovery stage. In terms of FLC by marital chorts, the later the year of marriage, the older the age of the first marriage and first baby bearing, the smaller the number of child, and the faster the launching stage. The higher the educational level, the older age of the first marriage and the first baby bering, the smaller the number of child, and the shorter the interval of child bearing. 3) Two types of rural FLC model for the twentieth were formulated. Type A was formulated based on the survey results and type B was formulated based on 『'88 population dynamics survey』 of Economic Planning Board(EPB). 「TYPE A」*Establishment stage(from the marriag to the 1st child birth) : 22.5-23.5 yrs. one child : the 1st child's marriage(49.5yrs), the death of husband(64.2yrs), the death of wife(71.7yrs) two children : the last child's birth(25.7yrs), the last child's marriage(51.7 yrs) three children : the last child's birth(27.9yrs) the last child's marriage(53.9yrs) 「TYPE B」*Establishment stage(from the marriage to the 1st child birth) : 25.3-26.3 yrs. one child : the lst child's marriage(52.3yrs), the death of husband(67.0yrs), the death of wife(74.5yrs) two children : the last child's birth(27.8yrs), the last child's marriage(53.8 yrs.) three children : the last child's birth(29.3yrs), the last child's marriage(55.3yrs).

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.520-523
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• 2007

Edible films of gelatin and com zein were prepared by incorporating nisin to the film-forming solutions. Com zein film with nisin of 12,000 IU/ml had an increase of 11.6 MPa in tensile strength compared with the control, whereas gelatin film had a slight increase with the increase of nisin concentration added. Water vapor permeability for both com zein and gelatin films decreased with the increase of nisin concentration, thus providing a better barrier against water. Antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes increased with the increase of nisin concentration, resulting in 1.4 log cycle reduction for com zein film and 0.6 log cycle reduction for gelatin film at 12,000 IU/ml. These results suggest that incorporation of nisin into com zein and gelatin films improve the physical properties of the films as well as antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria during storage, resulting in extension of the shelf life of food products by providing with antimicrobial edible packaging films.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1998.05b
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• pp.795-801
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• 1998

Metallic fatigue of Pressurized Water Reactor(PWR) materials is a generic safety issue for commercial nuclear power plants. It is very important to obtain the fatigue usage factor for component integrity and life extension. In this paper, fatigue usage was obtained at the inside surface of Kori unit 2, 3 and 4 RCP casing weld, based on the design transient. And it was intended to establish the procedure and the detailed method of fatigue evaluation in accordance with ASME Section III Code. According to this code rule, two methods to determine the stress cycle and the number of cycles could be applied. One method is the superposition of cycles of various design transients and the other is based on the assumption that a stress cycle correspond to only one design transient. Both method showed almost same fatigue usage in the RCP casing weld.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2004.03a
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• pp.779-783
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• 2004

First this paper introduces an advanced FADEC (Full Authority Digital Electric Control) for current and future jet engines.It is designed to realize not only stable thrust control, but also performance improvement, reliability enhancement, service life extension, etc. It can be built by using current micro-processor with high computational power and there exists no difficulties but reliability problem of the micro- processor. Next, the simulation results of SFC minimization control are shown. The target engine is a supersonic, low-bypass ratio, 2-spool, combined cycle turbofan, designated as HYPR90T, which consists of a turbo engine for under Mach 3 flight and a ram engine for over Mach 3 flight. he results can then be used for performance optimization of the engine, which plays important role in the advanced FADEC.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.45-51
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• 2006

Properties of the anode for cathodic protection need low overvoltage for oxygen evolution and high corrosion resistance. It is well known that DSA (Dimensionally Stable Anode) has been the best anode ever since. DSA is mainly composed of $RuO_2$, $IrO_2$, $ZrO_2$, $Co_2O_3$, and also $Ta_2O_5$, $TiO_2$, $MnO_2$ are added to DSA for better corrosion resistance. The lifetime of DSA for cathodic protection is also one of the very important factors. $RuO_2$, $IrO_2$, $RhO_2$, $ZrO_2$ are well used for life extension, and many researches are focused on life extension by lowering oxygen evolution potential and minimizing dissolution of oxide coatings. This work aims to evaluate the influence of constituents of MMO and coating cycles and $ZrO_2$ coating on the electrochemical properties and lifetime of DSA electrodes. From the results of lifetime assessment in the anodes coated with single component, $RuO_2$ coating was more effective and showed longer lifetime than $IrO_2$ coating. Also, an increased coating cycle and an electrochemically coated $ZrO_2$ could enhance the lifetime of a DSA.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.99-124
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• 2009

The purposes of this study were (1) to highlight the importance of farm management (2) to develop a profitable farm management system through the combination of agricultural techniques and business competencies (3) to shift management attitudes and habits of the program participants from being passive and dependent toward being proactive and self-disciplined (4) to help cultivate one's own life through self-consciousness participation in educational activities and lectures of celebrities. This research was conducted involving 30 farms that participated in the business program. The program imparted knowledge on vision, marketing, business skills, and management strategies such as cross strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (swot) analysis, product life cycle (plc), the 4p(product, price, place, promotion) of marketing, etc. The study recommends: (1) to encourage farms to enhance their business competencies; (2) to find out solutions for urgent management problems (3) to construct a system for leading farms (www.lfcenter.com) and on-line communities and (4) to implement a profitable business model for leading farms. It was noted that the farms were eager to participate in such business programs. In the future, this kind of program should be promoted in other areas so that more farms could enhance their business competencies.