• 한국언어정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국언어정보학회 2002년도 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.138-141
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• 2002

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• 재활간호학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.234-242
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• 1999

The meaning of the study is in the following points. The first is to find the linguistic development of children through IQ test. The second is to find the family fostering factor for the linguistic development. For these meaning this study will have the following aims. 1) To judge the similarly agreement between the children lexical ability with the teachers evaluation to the children. 2) To compare the gender differences of lexical abilities between the urban with the rural. 3) To find the family fostering factors for the children linguistic development. The collection data has been from April 13, 1999 to April 27. The subjects for this study were two grade of elementary school, which is located in "K" city and "O"rural a chosen students(273), teachers(5), parents(176). The instruments used for this study were IQ test by Korea Behavioral Science institute and family fostering environment 25 items. Teachers linguistic evaluation. The data analysis was done using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, t-test, ANOVA using SPSS/pc program. This study found following results. 1) The similarly agreement degree between children lexical abilities with teachers comprehending evaluation maler r= .745, female r=0.809 The similarly agreement degree between children lexical abilities with teachers expressing evaluation, male r= .657, female r= .797(P<.01) 2) In comparing of the gender difference of urban, the femail is a little high than male(t= .5065), but the especial point is more large difference in male than in female. In comparing of the gender difference of rural, the female is especial high than the male(t=-4.411). (P<.01) 3) The higher factor of influencing the linguistic development is the breast-feeding(r=-.3279) in all the gender(P<.01), So that the brast-feeding better than cow's milk, mother better than the other family members in feeding, 6~8months better than one or two years in feeding term.

• 한국언어정보학회지:언어와정보
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.47-65
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• 2011

A Korean adverb '거의(geoui)' modifies predicates to generate complex predicates which have meanings of 'nearly' complete or typical properties of the modified predicates in quantities, degrees, and frequencies. The modified predicates 'complete' or 'typical' properties are referred counterfactually as standards for the generated predicates' meanings of deficiencies. These counterfactual standards can be formalized by a counterfactual conditional operator of the intensional semantics in Cresswell(1990). The deficiencies in the quantities, degrees, or frequencies of the properties can be expressed formally introducing a world-independent measure of comparison. The measure can be manufactured out of relations between intensional things at indices and their equivalence classes. The world-independent measure of comparison has a semantic structure under-specified in quantity, degree, and frequency, and seems very well-suited in describing lexical meaning of '거의(geoui)'. The lexical-semantic analysis of '거의(geoui)' shows explicitly the plausibility of the indispensable existence of the comparing measure which works across real and counterfactual worlds in natural language meaning. On the other hand, we examined Kim, young-hee(1985)'s proposal of a transition of quantificational meaning for Korean degree adverbs, where he tried to explain the quantificational meaning of Korean degree adverbs in general including '거의(geoui)' with several syntactic and semantic constraints of 'contextual deletion'. But it is shown that the quantificational meanings of the degree adverbs which Kim(1985) discussed are also explained better by their under-specified meanings in quantities, frequencies and degrees with the world-independent measure of comparison applied to their paradigmatic lexical constraint rather than Kim(1985)'s transition of meaning.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.430-431
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• 1996

Among the scholars of second language (L2) acquisition who have used prosodic considerations in syntactic analyses, pausing and intonation contours have been used to define utterances in the speech of second language learners (e.g., Sato, 1990). In recent research on conversational analysis, it has been found that lexically marked causal clause combining in the discourse of native speakers can be distinguished as "intonational subordination" and "intonational coordination(Couper-Kuhlen, Elizabeth, forthcoming.)". This study uses Pienemann's Processability Theory (1995) for an analysis of the speech of native speakers of Japanese (L1) learning English. In order to accurately assess the psycholinguistic stages of syntactic development, it is shown that pitch, loudness, and timing must all be considered together with the syntactic analysis of interlanguage speech production. Twelve Japanese subjects participated in eight fifteen minute interviews, ninety-six dyads. The speech analyzed in this report is limited to the twelve subjects interacting with two different non-native speaker interviews for a total of twenty-four dyads. Within each of the interviews, four different tasks are analyzed to determine the stage of acquisition of English for each subject. Initially the speech is segmented according to intonation contour arid pauses. It is then classified accoding to specific syntactic units and further analysed for pitch, loudness and timing. Results indicate that the speech must be first claasified prosodic ally and lexically, prior to beginning syntactic analysis. This analysis stinguishes three interlanguage lexical categories: discourse markers, coordinator $s_ordinators, and transfer from Japanese. After these lexical categories have been determined, the psycholinguistic stages of syntactic development can be more accurately assessed.d.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.132-139
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• 2021

본 코퍼스 기반 연구는 통사론 영역에서 자주 등장하는 학술어휘들을 목록화하고 추출된 단어 목록을 Coxhead(2000)의 학술어휘 목록(AWL) 및 West(1953)의 기본어휘 목록(GSL)과 비교하여 통사론 코퍼스 내의 어휘 분포와 범위를 조사하였다. 이를 위해 영어교육 전공자들이 주로 사용하는 필수 통사론 전공 서적을 546,074 단어 수준의 전문 코퍼스로 구축한 다음 AntWordProfiler 1.4.1로 분석하였다. 빈도를 기준으로 분석한 결과 16회 이상 등장한 학술어휘는 288개(50.5%), 15회 이하 등장한 학술어휘는 218개(38.2%)로 나타났다. AWL과 GSL의 출현 범위는 각각 9.19%와 78.92%로 나타났으며 GSL과 AWL을 포함한 비중은 전체 토큰의 88.11%에 달하였다. AWL이 광범위한 학술 요구를 충족시키는데 중추적인 역할을 할 수 있다는 점을 감안할 때, 본 연구는 학문 문식성과 학업 능력을 향상시키기 위한 방안으로 학문 분야별 학술 어휘목록을 편성할 필요가 있음을 강조하였다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.3-14
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• 2011

It has been posited that in English, native listeners use the Metrical Segmentation Strategy (MSS) for the segmentation of continuous speech. Strong syllables tend to be perceived as potential word onsets for English native speakers, which is due to the high proportion of strong syllables word-initially in the English vocabulary. This study investigates whether Koreans employ the same strategy when segmenting speech input in English. Word-spotting experiments were conducted using vowel-initial and consonant-initial bisyllabic targets embedded in nonsense trisyllables in Experiment 1 and 2, respectively. The effect of strong syllable was significant in the RT (reaction times) analysis but not in the error analysis. In both experiments, Korean listeners detected words more slowly when the word-initial syllable is strong (stressed) than when it is weak (unstressed). However, the error analysis showed that there was no effect of initial stress in Experiment 1 and in the item (F2) analysis in Experiment 2. Only the subject (F1) analysis in Experiment 2 showed that the participants made more errors when the word starts with a strong syllable. These findings suggest that Koran listeners do not use the Metrical Segmentation Strategy for segmenting English speech. They do not treat strong syllables as word beginnings, but rather have difficulties recognizing words when the word starts with a strong syllable. These results are discussed in terms of intonational properties of Korean prosodic phrases which are found to serve as lexical segmentation cues in the Korean language.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권7호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2021

본 연구는 구약 성경 코퍼스와 신약 성경 코퍼스, 그리고 구약과 신약 성경을 통합한 코퍼스에서 추출된 키워드 목록의 어휘적 특징을 분석하고, 또 사용빈도 기반의 키워드 분석보다 분포도 기반 키워드 분석이 더 우수한 분석 방식임을 밝히고자 하였다. 이를 위해 Bible Hub의 NLT 웹사이트에서 성경 파일을 다운받아 약 57만 어절의 구약 성경 코퍼스와 약 20만 어절의 신약 성경 코퍼스를 구축하였다. 목표 코퍼스와 참조 코퍼스의 비교를 통한 키워드 목록을 추출하기 위해서 Scott(2020)의 WordSmith 8.0 프로그램을 사용하였다. 그 결과, 분포도 기반 키워드 분석이 사용빈도 기반의 키워드 분석보다 키워드 목록의 어휘적 특징을 보다 더 잘 나타낼 수 있었고, 또 코퍼스 내용의 대표성과 변별성을 충분히 충족시킬 수 있는 최적의 키워드 목록을 추출하기 위해서는 분포도 기반 키워드 분석이 더 우수한 방식임을 밝혔다.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.171-195
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• 2012

While noticing that there is insufficient interest in the assessment of EFL learners' vocabulary levels or sizes, the researchers developed two tests identical in form (Forms A and B) to assess the lexical knowledge of Korean university learners at the $1^{st}{\sim}10^{th}$ 1,000 word bands by adapting a pre-established vocabulary levels test (VLT). Of equal concern was to investigate if the VLT was equally a valid and reliable instrument to be used on measuring the lexical knowledge of EFL learners. The participants were 804 university freshmen enrolled in a General Education English Course from four different colleges. The learners were asked to respond to either Form A or B. While scores generally fell towards the lower frequency bands, multiple regression found the Korean College Scholastic Ability Test (CSAT) to be a significant variable for predicting the learners' vocabulary sizes. From a methodological perspective, however, noticeable differences between Forms A and B could be found with item response theory analysis. The findings of the study provide suggestions on how future VLT for testing EFL learners may have to be redesigned.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제30B권12호
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• pp.21-30
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• 1993

In this paper, we propose a connected Korean digit recohnition system employing neural networks and lexical constraints of the Korean digits. In the proposed recognition system, firstly, each frame of digit string is labelled by phoneme classification neural networks.which are trained with the reference phoneme segments extracted form an isolated digit based on the position information. And, the frame labels are combined with each other for constructing the phoneme segments. Then, these segments are combined to form a digit candidate using the digit combination rules. The digit candidate is decided based on the condition for digit decision. If the condition is not satisfied, the digit candidate is further recognized using the digit decision neural network in the next step. In our approach, the neural networks are trained with 10 isolated digits uttered by 5 male speakers. To investigate the performance of the proposed recognition system, an intensive computer simulation on the 30 connected digit strings uttered by 5 male speakers is performed. The simulation result indicates that 95.6% digit recognition rate and 82% digit string recognition rate are provided by the proposed Korean digit recognition system.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.23-29
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• 2016

The present study tested if individual speakers showing great sound change in segments (i.e., vowels and fricatives) also had innovative changing patterns in suprasegmental properties (i.e., lexical pitch accents) in Kyungsang Korean. The acoustic analysis at a group level first confirmed the presence of group level differences in distinguishing /ɨ-ʌ/ and /s-s'/ both of which had different phonemic distinction from Seoul Korean. Younger speakers had more innovative segmental change than older speakers, and even within the younger generation, female speakers produced more innovative phonetic variants than male speakers. Regarding the individual observation within the younger group, the younger speakers with large acoustic distinction in vowels and fricatives also showed acoustically less distinct accent patterns, indicating the innovative sound change pattern consistent across segment and suprasegmental properties. The group and individual observations suggested that linguistic innovators introduced new phonetic variants with consistent degree of changing pattern between segment and suprasegmental properties.