• BMB Reports
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.308-311
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• 2000

The interrelationship between the differentiation and expression of mRNA for transferrin in the HL-60 leukemia cell line was studied. Transferrin mRNA was expressed in HL-60 leukemia cells and the amount was 50% of that in the positive control cell line, HepG-2 cells. The expression of $T_f$ mRNA in HL-60 cells was not regulated by IL-1, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$, respectively. The expression of $T_f$ mRNA in the differentiated cells into a granulocyte lineage by DMSO, or all-trans RA, was up-regulated (160-170% of control cells); whereas, the expression was not regulated in the differentiated cells into a macrophage lineage by PMA. These results suggest that the differentiation to a granulocyte lineage of HL-60 leukemia cells appear to be related with the upregulation of transferrin mRNA expression.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.2525-2528
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• 2013

The Homer protein family, also known as the family of cytoplasmic scaffolding proteins, which include three subtypes (Homer1, Homer2, Homer3). Homer3 can regulate transcription and play a very important role in the differentiation and development for some tissues (e.g. muscle and nervous systems). The current studies showed that Homer3 abnormal expression changes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Forced expression of Homer3 in transfected K562 cells inhibited proliferation, influenced the cell cycle profile, affected apoptosis induced by $As_2O_3$ through inhibition of Bcl2 expression, and also promoted cell differentiation induced by 12-O-tetra decanoylphorbol-acetate (TPA). These results showed that Homer3 is a novel gene which plays a certain role in the occurrence and development of AML.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 2011

Even though exposure to benzene has been linked to a variety of cancers including leukemia, the detailed molecular mechanisms relevant to benzene-induced carcinogenesis remain to be clearly elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the effects of benzene on differential gene expression in a leukemia cell line. The K562 leukemia cell line used in this study was cultured for 3 h with 10 mM benzene and RNA was extracted. To analyze the gene expression profiles, a 41,000 human whole genome chip was employed for cDNA microarray analysis. We initially identified 6,562 genes whose expression was altered by benzene treatment. Among these, 3,395 genes were upregulated and 3,167 genes were downregulated by more than 2-fold, respectively. The results of functional classification showed that the identified genes were involved in biological pathways including transcription, cell proliferation, the cell cycle, and apoptosis. These gene expression profiles should provide us with further insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying benzene-induced carcinogenesis, including leukemia.

• BMB Reports
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1009-1015
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• 2007

In this communication, we report the efficacy of $\beta$-carotene towards differentiation and apoptosis of leukemia cells. Dose ($20{\mu}M$) and time dependence (12 h) tests of $\beta$-carotene showed a higher magnitude of decrease (significance p < 0.05) in cell numbers and cell viability in HL-60 cells than U937 cells but not normal cell like Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC). Microscopical observation of $\beta$-carotene treated cells showed a distinct pattern of morphological abnormalities with inclusion of apoptotic bodies in both leukemia cell lines. When cells were treated with $20{\mu}M$ of $\beta$-carotene, total genomic DNA showed a fragmentation pattern and this pattern was clear in HL-60 than U937 cells. Both the cell lines, on treatment with $\beta$-carotene, showed a clear shift in $G_1$ phase of the cell cycle. In addition the study also revealed anti-oxidant properties of $\beta$-carotene since there was reduction in relative fluorescent when treated than the control at lower concentration. Collectively this study shows the dual phenomenon of apoptosis and differentiation of leukemia cells on treatment with $\beta$-carotene.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.6549-6556
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• 2013

Leukemia stem cells (LSCs) play important roles in leukemia initiation, progression and relapse, and thus represent a critical target for therapeutic intervention. Hence, it is extremely urgent to explore new therapeutic strategies directly targeting LSCs for acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) therapy. We show here that Angelica sinensis polysaccharide (ASP), a major active component in Dong quai (Chinese Angelica sinensis), effectively inhibited human AML $CD34^+CD38^-$ cell proliferation in vitro culture in a dose-dependent manner while sparing normal hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells at physiologically achievable concentrations. Furthermore, ASP exerted cytotoxic effects on AML K562 cells, especially LSC-enriched $CD34^+CD38^-$ cells. Colony formation assays further showed that ASP significantly suppressed the formation of colonies derived from AML $CD34^+CD38^-$ cells but not those from normal $CD34^+CD38^-$ cells. Examination of the underlying mechanisms revealed that ASP induced $CD34^+CD38^-$ cell senescence, which was strongly associated with a series of characteristic events, including up-regulation of p53, p16, p21, and Rb genes and changes of related cell cycle regulation proteins P16, P21, cyclin E and CDK4, telomere end attrition as well as repression of telomerase activity. On the basis of these findings, we propose that ASP represents a potentially important agent for leukemia stem cell-targeted therapy.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.123-127
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• 2007

We investigated effect of small black soybean fraction (SBSF) T cell-mediated responses for tumor surveillance and proliferation in leukemia cells in vitro. Each SBSF butanol fraction (SBSFBu) and SBSF chloroform fraction (SBSFCh) was administered p.o. once a day far 21 days in BALB/c mice and then levels of serum cytokines and subpopulation of lymphocytes were measured. Moreover, SBSF fraction was treated into the cultured various cell lines for proliferation in leukemia cell lines, NO production by RAW264.7 cells, and expression of p53 gene in U937 leukemia cells. These results showed that SBSFBu increased levels of serum IL-4but not IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$, and increased expression of CD4$^+$ T cells and CD8$^+$ T cells in splenocytes in vivo, while SBSFCh increased levels of serum IL-2 and IFN-${\gamma}$ but decreased IL-4, and increased CD8$^+$ T cells but not CD4$^+$ T cells. Moreover, both of SBSFBu and SBSFCh inhibited proliferation of HL60, U937, and L1210 leukemia cell lines in a dose-dependent manner, up-regulated NO production by RAW264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner, and enhanced expression of p53 gene in U937 leukemia cells. Our findings indicate that SBSFBu and SBSFCh may enhance T cell-dependent immune responses, and that both of SBSFBu and SBSFCh may inhibit proliferation of leukemia cells by up-regulation of NO production and expression of p53 gene.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.130.1-130.1
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• 2003

As a potent antigen presenting cells and a powerful inducer of antigen specific immunity including cytotoxic T cell activity, dendritic cells(DCs) are being considered as a promising anti-tumor therapeutic module. Unlike solid tumors, leukemia is the hematologic malignancy involving immune effector cells. The expected usage of DCs in leukemia is the treatment of minimal residual disease(MRD) after the remission or stem cell transplantation. In this study, syngeneic leukemia cells were inoculated intra-venously into the mouse (WEHI-3 into the Balb/c), and the autologous tumor cell lysate pulsed DCs were injected as a therapeutic module twice in two weeks. (omitted)

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.512-514
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• 2002

S-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is a new kind drug used in photodynamic therapy. ALA-PDT have successfully used in superficial malignancies and some skin diseases. Here the effects of ALA-PDT were studied on leukemia cells and hepatoma cells to explore the application on different kind cancers. It was found from the fluorescence emission spectra, that after ALA incubation the sensitizer - protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was endogenously produced in both leukemia and hepatoma cells. The fluorescence images showed that the PpIX distribute in cytoplasm. However the efficiency of ALA photodynamic inactivation to two cell lines was different. The leukemia cells were more sensitive for ALA-PDT than hepatoma cells, revealing that the ALA-PDT effect is cell line dependent. However by using ALA-Hexyl ester (He-ALA) instead of ALA, the cell photo-inactivation was improved. The PDT efficiency of He-ALA was 10 times high than that of ALA, showing He-ALA is a very promising drug in ALA-PDT.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.3865-3869
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• 2016

Curcumin, a polyphenolic compound isolated from the rhizomes of an herbaceous perennial plant, Curcuma longa, is known to possess anticancerous activity. However, the mechanism of apoptosis induction in cancers differs. In this study, we have (1) investigated the anticancerous activity of curcumin on REH and RS4;11 leukemia cells and (2) studied the chemo-sensitizing potential of curcumin for doxorubicin, a drug presently used for leukemia treatment. It was found that curcumin induced a dose dependent decrease in cell viability because of apoptosis induction as visualized by annexin V-FITC/ PI staining. Curcumin-induced apoptosis of leukemia cells was mediated by PARP-1 cleavage. An increased level of caspase-3, apoptosis inducing factor (AIF), cleaved PARP-1 and decreased level of Bcl2 was observed in leukemia cells after 24h of curcumin treatment. In addition, curcumin at doses lower than the $IC_{50}$ value significantly enhanced doxorubicin induced cell death. Therefore, we conclude that curcumin induces apoptosis in leukemia cells via PARP-1 mediated caspase-3 dependent pathway and further may act as a potential chemo-sensitizing agent for doxorubicin. Our study highlights the chemo-preventive and chemo-sensitizing role of curcumin.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.15
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• pp.6127-6130
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• 2014

Objective: Explore the feasibility of allo-hemopietic stem cell transplants in treating patients with B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia. Methods: Between september 2006 and February 2011, fifteen patients with B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) were treated by allo-hemopietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). Stem cell sources were peripheral blood. Six patients were conditioned by busulfan (BU) and cyclophosphamide (CY) and nine patients were conditioned with TBI and cyclophosphamide (CY). Graft versus host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis regimen consisted of cyclosporine A (CSA), methotrex ate (MTX) and mycophenolatemofetil (MMF). Results: Patients received a median of $7.98{\times}10^8{\cdot}kg^{-1}$ ($5.36-12.30{\times}10^8{\cdot}kg^{-1}$) mononuclear cells (MNC). The median time of ANC> $0.5{\times}10^9/L$ was day 12 (10-15), and PLT> $20.0{\times}10^9/L$ was day 13 (11-16). Extensive acute GVHD occurred in 6 (40.0%) patients, and extensive chronic GVHD was recorded in 6 (40.0%) patients. Nine patients were alive after 2.5-65 months follow-up. Conclusion: Allogeneic stem cell transplant could be effective in treating patients with B cell acute lymphocytic leukemia.