• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.33-46
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• 1970

Pinus densiflora stands are common secondary forest communities on infertile soils in Korea. The stands are results of long severe past biotic pressure such as cutting, burning and grazing. These could be regarded as biotic climax in Korea. Because of their prevalent occurrence, relatively simple species and age composition, and their domestic economic importance, study of their distributional patterns may give some basic knowledge for better utilization of land resources in Korea. To detect distributional patterns and interspecific associations ten pine stands, each of which was homogenious with respect to topography and physiognomy, were subjectively selected from pine stands in Kyunggi Province near Seoul in 1969 and were made object of this study. Four contiguous systematic samples of count for trees, shrubs and seedlings from belt transects were collected from homogeneous areas within ten natural pine stands. The belt transect was 64m or 128m in length, and 1m, 2m or 4m in width. Basic units within the transect ranged from 64 to 256. The data from the contiguous transects were analysed in terms of multiple split-plot experiment. Departure from randomness of stem distribution, i.e., pattern, was tested in terms of variance mean ratio. For the detection of association between species, correlation coefficient was calculated for different block sizes. The values of ${\gamma}$ were tested by the usual t-test. Fine trees within one of the stands showed significant regular distribution through out the blocks. Within other eight stands pines were randomly distributed at basic unit with 4$\times$4m, 2$\times$2m, 2$\times$1m and 1$\times$1m. One significantly clumped distribution at basic unit 2$\times$2m, however, was observed from one of the pine stands. These randomly distributed groups were themselves significantly regularly distributed throughout the blocks for four pine stands. For the other four pine stands, in addition to the random distribution at the basie unit(the primary random group), randomly distributed groups with 32m dimension(the secondary random groups) were also observed. Both the primary and the secondary random groups were significantly regularly distributed at the rest of blocks. Pine seedlings were not distributed randomly thoughout the blocks. Within three of the ten stands they were contagiously distributed. Important shrub species underneath pines such as Querus serrata, Q. acutissima, Leapedeza intermedia, Rhododendron Yedoense var. poukhanenae, Juniperus utilis, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum shnwed consistently similar distributional pattern with the pine at each stand. The shrub species pairs; Rhododendron Yedoense var. poukhanenae/Quercus serrata, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum/Lespedeza intermedia were significantly negatively associated from 1m to 4m dimensional block sizes but became significantly positively associated from 8m sized blocks on. On the other hand the shrub species pairs; Lespedeza intermedia/Robinia Pseudoacacia, and Lespedeza bicolor var, japonica/Lespedeza intermedia were also significnalty negatively associated from 1m to 8m sized blocks but became significantly positively associated from 16m sized blocks on. The associational pattern between Rhododendron mucronul tun var. poukhanenae and Lespedeza intermedia was not consistent throughout the stands. In some stands negative associations were observed throughout the blocks except NS 32. From these observatons micro-edaphic variation within the pine stands seems not to be great enough to cause distributinal difference of pine trees within the ten pine stands. Among each species and pine seedings, however, the edaphic variation within the pine stands may be great enought to cause distributional variation.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2004

The diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) was investigated in cultivated and natural fold sites or chungbuk, Korea. soils were collected from rhizosphere or Sorghum bicolor, Fagopyrum esculentum and Glycine max in cultivated sites, and of Miscanthus sinensis, Glycine soja and Lespedeza cuneata in natural sites. Total 20 species of Glomalean fungi were found in this study. Species richness, species diversity and density of AM fungi were significantly lower in the arable sites. While only AM fungal spores belong to Glomus and Acaulospora were found in arable fold sites, more diverse fungal spores including Gigasporaceae were found in natural grasslands. AM fungal spore composition did not significantly differ among crop plant species. Results suggest that the agricultural practices were significantly influenced on AM fungal community structures and mycorrhizal developments.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.54-62
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• 1990

충청북도 일원에서 1976년부터 1981년사이에 산불이 발생한 산화적지와 그에 인접한 비산화지의 식생과 토양성분을 조사하여, 산화 후의 식생회복과 토양성분과의 관계를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 79-B의 우점종 순위가 억새-산거울-싸리의 순으로 비산화지와 같게 나타나 산화 후 2년째 회복되었고, 그 후 산화적지에서 싸리가 점차 우점종으로 발달하여 산화 후 5년이 지난 76-B의 우점종 순위가 싸리-산거울-억새의 순이었다. 2. 생활형 조성은 산화 후 2년째부터 조사지소에 따라 H-e-$D_1-R_5$ 또는 Ph-e-$D_1-R_5$로 산화적지와 비산화지가 같게 되어, 산화 후 2년째에 산화적지의 생활형이 회복되었다. 3. 천이도는 81-B의 DS=423, 81-U의 DS=524로 산화적지가 낮았으나, 산화 후 2년째인 79-B의 DS=510, 79-U의 DS=520으로 거의 같았고, 산화 후 3년째부터는 산화적지가 비산화지보다 점차 높게 나타나 산화적지는 비산화지보다 천이가 빠르게 진행됨을 알 수 있다. 4. Shannon-Wiener function, Morishita's index 및 Simpson's index 등 종 다양성의 분석 결과에 의하면, 산화 당년에는 복잡한 군집이었으나 산화 후 2~3년째에 비산화지와 같은 단순한 군집으로 회복되었다. 또한 Evenness index의 분석 결과, 산화 당년에 식물종수가 비산화지보다 많았으나 산화 후 2년째부터 비산화지와 같은 종수가 되었다. 6. 산화적지의 식생은 산화 후 2~3년째에 비산화지의 식생과 거의 같게 회복되었고, 토양성분도 2~3년째에 회복되었다. 따라서, 산화 후 식생회복 과정과 토양성분의 변화사이에는 밀접한 관련이 있었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.35-38
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• 1974

싸리류(類)에 대(對)하여 매년(每年) 베어서 이용(利用) 하였을 때 재생능력(再生能力)을 조사(調査)검토 하고저 싸리 조록싸리, 풀싸리, 늦싸리, 참싸리 종자(種子)를 1969년(年) 봄 $m^2$당 4g씩 난괴법에 의하여 6반복 파종하고 당년 10월말(月末) 성적을 조사(調査)한 후 지상부(地上部)를 베어 주고 1970년(年) 봄에 $m^2$당 6주(株)씩 난괴법에 의하여 6반복 식재(植栽)하였다. 1970년(年)부터 1972년(年)까지 10월말(月末) 건장(乾長) 근원경(根元徑) 및 맹아본수(萌芽本數)를 조사(調査)하고 매년(每年) 11월(月) 지상부(地上部)를 베어 주고 근주(根株)만 남겨 놓았다. 1. 건장(乾長) 근원경(根元徑)의 재생능력(再生能力)은 품종별(品種別) 주령별(株齡別) 1%가 넘는 고도(高度)의 유의성(有意性)이 있었으며 싸리, 풀싸리, 참싸리, 조록싸리, 늦싸리의 순위로 좋았다. 2. 맹아본수(萌芽本數)의 재생력(再生力)은 조록싸리, 늦싸리, 풀싸리, 싸리, 참싸리의 순위로 나타났으며 특(特)히 참싸리가 저조한 맹아력(萌芽力)을 나타내고 있음은 건장(乾長) 근원경(根元徑)의 순위(順位)와 차이(差異)가 있었다. 3. 싸리류(類)는 주령(株齡) 4년(年)까지는 매년(每年)베어서 이용(利用) 하드라도 퇴화하지 않고 재생력(再生力)을 가지고 주령(株齡)이 증가(增加)함에 따라 건장(乾長) 근원경(根元徑) 주당(株當) 맹아(萌芽) 본수(本數)가 증가(增加)하였다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.291-294
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• 1988

제주도(濟州道)의 목초지(牧草地)에 발생(發生)하는 하계잡초(夏季雜草)를 조사(調査)하여 얻어진 결과(結果)를 요약(要約)해 보면 다음과 같다. 1. 조사(調査)된 총(總) 잡초종수(雜草種數)는 44과(科) 136 여종(餘種)이었으며 국화과(菊花科) 29종(種), 벼과(科) 16종(種), 콩과(科) 14종(種), 장미과 13종(種), 마디풀과(科) 10 종순(種順)으로 많이 발생(發生)하였다. 2. 목초지(牧草地)에 우점(優占)하는 잡초종(雜草種)은 크로바, 늦고사리삼, 찔레꽃, 억새, 띠로 나타났다. 3. 잡초군락(雜草群落)은 쑥-늦고사리삼 군락(群落), 쑥-실망초/패랭이꽃 군락(群落) 및 쑥-싸리/억새 군락(群落)으로 대별(大別)되며 늦고사리삼, 실망초, 싸리, 억새가 식별종(識別種)으로 조사(調査) 되었다. 4. 발생빈도(發生頻度)로 본 우점초종(優占草種)은 쑥, 바늘엉겅퀴, 큰피막이, 찔레꽃, 오이풀, 산딸기, 양지꽃, 개망초, 질경이, 괭이밥, 쥐깨풀의 순(順)으로 많이 발생(發生)하였다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.15-18
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• 1977

싸리류(類)에 대(對)하여 매년(每年) 베어서 이용(利用)하였을 때 재생능력(再生能力)을 조사(調査)하고저 싸리, 조록싸리, 풀싸리, 늦싸리, 참싸리 종자(種子)를 1969년(年) 봄 $m^2$당(當) 4g씩 난괴법에 의하여 6반복 파종(播種)하고 당년(當年) 10월말(月末) 성적(成績)을 조사(調査)한 후(後) 지상부(地上部)를 베어주고 1970년 봄에 $m^2$당(當) 6주(株)씩 난괴법에 의(依)하여 6반복(反復) 식재(植栽)하였다. 1970년(年)부터 1976년(年)까지 10월말(月末) 간장(幹長) 근원경(根元徑) 및 맹아본수(萌芽本數)를 조사(調査)하고 매년(每年) 11월(月) 지상부(地上部)를 베어주고 근주(根株)만 남겨 놓았다. 1. 간장(幹長) 주당맹아본수(株當萌芽本數)의 재생능력(再生能力)은 품종별(品種別) 주기별(株畿別) 통계적(統計的) 유의성(有意性)을 인정(認定)할 수 있었으며 간장(幹長)의 재생능력(再生能力)은 싸리가 주당맹아본수(株當萌芽本數)은 조록싸리가 가장 좋았다. 2. 싸리류(類)를 매년(每年) 벌채(伐採)하였을 때 간장(幹長) 주당맹아본수(株當萌芽本數)의 재생능력(再生能力)의 극대치(極大値)는 주령(株齡) 5년(年)이었다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2012

This study was compared to the differences in the habitat, species composition and community structure of revegetation and nature area in Korea. Plant number in plot of revegetation and nature area was 10.3 and 15.0 taxa, respectively, and coverage was 90.6 and 88.1%, respectively. Revegetation and nature area was very heterogeneous, due to low similarity index (0.38) and less common plants. Festuca arundinacea frequency (56.7%) was highest in revegetation area, and Oplismenus undulatifolius frequency (66.7%) was highest in nature area. Plant appearing of revegetation and nature area was 111 and 136 taxa, respectively. Herb appearing of revegetation and nature areas was 93 (83.3%) and 72 (52.9%) taxa, respectively, tree was 18 (16.2%) and 64 (47.1%) taxa, respectively. Plant communities of revegetation area was classified into Lespedeza bicolor, Indigofera amblyantha, Alnus sibirica, Festuca arundinacea, Eragrostis curvula, Miscanthus sinensis, Humulus japonicus, Setaria faberii, Rudbeckia bicolor, Pueraria lobata community. Plant communities of nature area was classified into Pinus densiflora, Quercus aliena, Quercus acutissima, Quercus variabilis, Quercus serrata, Castanea crenata, Pinus rigida, Robinia pseudoacacia, Populus tomentiglandulosa, Phyllostachys bambusoides community. Habitat, species composition and community structure of revegetation and nature area showed a large difference.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 1976

싸리류(類)의 종자저장기간별(種子貯藏期間別) 발아촉진처리별(發芽促進處理別) 발아율(發芽率)과 발아경과일수(發芽經過日數)를 조사(調査)하였든바 종자저장기간(種子貯藏期間) 40개월(個月)은 발아율(發芽率)이 30% 내외(內外)로 저조(低調)하였고 저장기간(貯藏期間) 28개월(個月)까지는 발아력(發芽力)에 큰 지장(支障)이 없었으며 발아촉진처리방법(發芽促進處理方法)으로는 80% 농류산(濃硫酸)에 3분처리(分處理) 및 과실중(果實中) 과피제거방법(果皮除去方法)이 가장 좋았다. 이들 처리(處理)가 타처리(他處理)에 비(比)하여 일주정도(一週程度) 빨리 발아율(發芽率)이 절정(絶頂)에 도달(到達)하였으며 종자저장기간(種子貯藏期間)이 단기(短期)인 것이 장기(長期)인 것에 비(比)하여 단시일내(短時日內)에 발아율(發芽率)이 절정(絶頂)에 도달(到達)하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권5호
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• pp.48-58
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• 2003

This study was carried out to select proper species for early stage replantation in granite forest road cut-slope. From one to thirteen year elapsed forest roads in five regional areas of Chungcheong-do and Kyungsangbuk-do, sample plots were selected, and their vegetations and environmental factors were investigated. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, soil moisture content, and bulk density in the granite weathering soils were below 0.5%, 0.02%, 10%, and above 1.2g/$cm^3$, respectively. The environmental factors affecting distribution of species in the granite forest road were the elapsed year, elevation, cut-slope aspect, and cut-slope. Sowing plants of Dactylis glomerata, Lolium perenne, and Eragrostis curvula were found in the early stage of forest road-cut. Annual herbs of Youngia denticulata, Erigeron annuus, etc. were found in the 2-3 years elasped forest road-cut. Perennial herbs of Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., parachute woody plants of Weigela subsessilis, Pinus densiflora, etc., and gravitative trees of Prunus sargentii, Lindera obtusiloba, Quercus sp., etc. were found in the forest road cut-slope after 3 years of road-cut. Leguma of Lespedeza cureata, Amorpha fruticosa, Lespedeza bicolor, Pueraria thunbergiana, Albizzia julibrissin, etc., herbs of Artemisia keiskeana, Artemisia princeps var. orientalis, Miscanthus sinensis, etc., and woody plants of Rubus crataegifolius, Weigela subsessilis, Zanthoxylum schinifolium, Pinus densiflora, etc. were considered as proper species for replantation in granite forest road cut-slope.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.151-162
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is suggest to restoration model of Pinus thunbergii in Saha-gu, Busan Metropolitan City. The result of this study is summarized as follows; As the results of this study, vegetation restoration model is presented by separating community planting and edge planting. The community planting species of tree layer were Pinus thunbergii and Quercus acutissima and Quercus dentata and Quercus serrata and Quercus alienna and Quercus variabilis. The community planting species of subtree layer were Platycarya strobilacea and Prunus sargentii and Styrax japonica and Eurya japonica and Morus bombycis. The community planting species of shrub layer are Ulmus pavifolia and Ulmus davidiana and Lindera obtusiloba and Elaeagnus macrophylla and Mallotus japonicus and Ligustrum obtusifolium and Sorbus alnifolia and Rhus trichocarpa and Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Rosa wichuraiana and Rhus chinensis and Viburnum erosum and Rhododendron mucronulatum and Rhododendron yedoense and Indigofera pseudotinctoria. And the planting species of edge vegetation are Japanese Angelica and Symplocos chinensis and Pittosporum tobira and Lespedeza maximowiczii and Lespedeza bicolor and Rubus coreanus and Rubus idaeus and Vitis thunbergii and Ampelopsis brevipedunculata and Rosa multiflora. Considering the population of individuals up to layers in each $400m^2$ area, it was composed of 24 in tree layer, 35 in subtree layer, 410 in shrub layer and 34% herb layer in the Pinus thunbergii community. And the average of breast-high area and canopy area was $10,852cm^2$ in tree layer, in subtree layer $1,546cm^2$, in shrub layer $1,158,660cm^2$. The shortest distance between trees was calculated as 2.0m in tree layer, 1.9m in subtree layer.