• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.155-164
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to compare muscle structure, balance, and gait parameters between healthy adults and persons with stroke and to analyze the correlation among these variables. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Twenty persons with stroke (11 male, 9 female) and twenty healthy participants (9 male, 11 female) were included. Ultrasound images of the triceps surae and the tibialis anterior were acquired in sitting resting, sitting co-contraction, and standing resting positions and also during the functional reach test (FRT) and single leg anterior reaching test (SLART). Muscle thickness and fascicle length were measured. Spatiotemporal parameters of gait were measured using a pressure walkway. Gait speed, cadence, step length, stride length, stance time, and swing time were measured. Results: Changes in percent fascicle length were significantly greater in the gastrocnemius and soleus (SOL) muscles of healthy adults in the sitting co-contraction position (p<0.05). The percent fascicle length of the SOL in FRT and SLART were significantly greater in healthy adults (p<0.05). The mid-stance phase of stroke patients was shorter than healthy adults (p<0.05). A negative correlation was observed between percent fascicle length of the SOL in the sitting co-contraction position and the proportion of the mid-stance phase (p<0.05). Conclusions: The function of the triceps surae is affected in persons with stroke when compared with healthy adults. This can lead to difficulty in performing tasks that involve forward transfer of weight. If the triceps surae is not sufficiently secured, the possibility of compensation in the stance phase increases during gait.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.195-212
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• 2011

Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between nurse staffing levels and differences in patient outcomes in terms of average length of stay, in-hospital mortality rate and 30-day death rate in order to evaluate the effectiveness of a policy that differentiates fees for inpatients on the basis of nurse-to-bed ratios. Methods: We obtained information on inpatients from health insurance claims data published by the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service(HIRA) in 2008, organizational factors(type of hospital, ownership) from the records of the hospital report system in 2008, and nurse staffing levels, which were graded on a scale of 1 to 7, from data compiled between December 15, 2007, and September 20, 2008. The data were segregated according to type of hospital and quarter and finally 3,517 records of 1,182 hospitals were analyzed using multi-level analysis. Results: The average length of stay in grade 1~6 hospitals was lower than that in grade 7 ones, but the difference was much below one day. No significant difference was found among different grades in tertiary hospitals. Further, variations in staffing levels did not result in any significant difference in the in-hospital mortality rate and 30-day death rate. Conclusions: High nurse staffing levels did not result in better patient outcomes compared with low staffing levels. We therefore recommend modifying the above nurse staffing policy so as to make it more effective in improving patient outcomes.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.307-312
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• 2000

ATM은 비동기 시분할 다중화와 통계적 다중화 특성을 기존의 데이터 통신분야에 도입함으로써 데이터와 음성, 영상과 같은 멀티미디어 등의 다양한 통신들을 유연하게 서비스할 수 있다. ATM 서비스는 트래픽 특성과 요구되는 서비스 품질에 따라 CBR, VBR, UBR, ABR로 구분하는데 그 중 ABR 서비스는 최소의 대역폭을 보장하고 가용 대역폭을 최대 셀 전송률까지 높여 트래픽을 전송할 수 있으며, 셀 손실을 줄이기 위해 피드백 정보를 활용하여 트래픽을 제어한다. 본 논문에서는 피드백 정보를 위한 예측제어 알고리즘을 제시한다. ATM 스위치에서 발생한 피드백 정보가 역 방향 노드에 도착하기 위해 긴 지연시간을 갖는 경우에, ATM 스위치에서 큐 길이의 증가로 인한 혼잡상황이 발생할 수 있으며 또한 큐 길이의 시간 대비 변화량이 크게 된다. 이 논문에서 제시한 예측제어 알고리즘들은 예시적인 피드백 제어방식으로 시간 대비 큐 길이함수의 기울기와 이전의 큐 변화량을 이용하여 미래의 큐 길이를 예측하려 하였으며, 시뮬레이션 결과 본 논문에서 제시한 제어 알고리즘은 효과적임이 증명되었다.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.169-175
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• 2012

The sensitivity of the performance measures such as the mean and the standard deviation of the queue length and the blocking probability with respect to the moments of the service time are numerically investigated. The service time distribution is fitted with phase type(PH) distribution by matching the first three moments of service time and the M/G/c retrial queue is approximated by the M/PH/c retrial queue. Approximations are compared with the simulation results.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.82-91
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• 2020

Background: This study investigates the influence factors of medical service variations using medical charge and the length of stay (LOS) for urinary incontinence surgery and uterine polypectomy. Methods: The National Health Insurance claims data and Medical Resource Report by the Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service in 2016 were used. Frequency analysis, one-way analysis of variance, and Bonferroni post-hoc tests were executed for each surgery. A multilevel analysis was executed to assess the factors to the medical charge and LOS for each surgery in patient, doctor, and hospital level. Results: Fifty-two point eight percent of urinary incontinence surgery and 87.1% of uterine polypectomy were distributed in general and tertiary hospitals. Among three levels, the patient level variation was 61.5% or 77.2% in medical charge and 93.9% or 96.3% in LOS, respectively. The doctor level variation was 29.6% or 22.6% in medical charge and 0.6% or 0.0% in LOS, respectively. The institution level variation was 8.9% or 0.2% in medical charge and 5.5% or 3.7% in LOS, respectively. Number of other disease and organizational type were main factors that affected the charge and LOS for urinary incontinence surgery and uterine polypectomy. Conclusion: Medical service variations of the urinary incontinence surgery and uterine polypectomy were the largest for the patient level, followed by doctor level for the medical charge, and the institution level for the LOS.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제22권1_2호
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• pp.523-533
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• 2006

We analyze two finite buffers queueing system with priority scheduling dependent upon queue length. Customers are classified into two types ( type-l and type-2 ) according to their characteristics. Here, the customers can be considered as traffics such as voice and data in telecommunication networks. In order to support customers with characteristics of burstiness and time-correlation between interarrival, the arrival of the type-2 customer is assumed to be an Markov- modulated Poisson process(MMPP). The service order of customers in each buffer is determined by the queue length of two buffers. Methods of embedded Markov chain and supplementary variable give us information for queue length of two buffers. Finally, performance measures such as loss and mean delay are derived.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.465-469
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• 2008

Unusual yellowish-green intramuscular granulomatous lesions were found in a carcass of Hanwoo(slaughtered, 30 month old). Those were 1-3 mm in diameter, oval shaped, and paralleled with muscle fibers. Histologically, severe inflammation, eosinophilic granulomas and necrosis were observed in the muscle tissue. We also observed sarcocysts in the muscle cells. In a polymerase chain reaction, we identified 900bp length, sarcocystis specific fragment. It would be diagnosed as sarcocystosis in Hanwoo.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.295-304
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• 2014

We analyze theMMPP/G/1/K queue with a modified state-dependent service rate. The service time of customers upon service initiation is changed if the number of customers in the system reaches a threshold. Then, the changed service time is continued until the system becomes empty completely, and this process is repeated. We analyze this system using an embedded Markov chain and a supplementary variable method, and present the queue length distributions at a customer's departure epochs and then at an arbitrary time.

• 아동학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.271-283
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• 2008

The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge of infant development of child care teachers, undergraduate students majoring in child development at universities, and the students at child care training centers. A questionnaire was distributed to 126 in-service and 187 pre-service child care teachers. Data were analyzed by t-test, F-test, Correlation. The results showed that the mean scores of subjects on the Knowledge of Infant Development Inventory (KIDI) were relatively low. Among the 3 groups of subjects, child care teachers had the lowest scores on the KIDI. There were individual differences in the knowledge of infant development by school year, the length of work experience, marital status, age of child, attendance at in-service training events, and kind of license.

• 대한수학회보
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.673-689
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• 2009

We analyze $MAP_1,\;MAP_2$/G/1 finite queues with service scheduling function dependent upon queue lengths. The customers are classified into two types. The arrivals of customers are assumed to be the Markovian Arrival Processes (MAPs). The service order of customers in each buffer is determined by a service scheduling function dependent upon queue lengths. Methods of embedded Markov chain and supplementary variable give us information for queue length of two buffers. Finally, the performance measures such as loss probability and mean waiting time are derived. Some numerical examples also are given with applications in telecommunication networks.