• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2016

Objective: This study was to investigate the effects of Task-oriented training for Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), gait and balance function in cerebral palsy. Design: Randomized controlled trials. Methods: Twenty four subjects were recruited by means of a convenience sampling from Kangseo-Gu G rehabilitation center. Subjects were 24 inpatients and were randomly divided into a task-oriented training group and a conventional group. Twelve patients were experimental group who executed the task-oriented training (5 times/wk) for 4 weeks. The task-oriented program mainly focused on the capabilities of independent walking, with the angle of inclination set at 0 degrees and walking at a self-selected comfortable speed. In addition, balance training included the one-legged standing with weight-shifting and task-oriented training. Twelve patients were control group who executed only general conventional therapy (5 times/wk) for 4 weeks. All subjects were evaluated about the motor function, gait and balance function. Subjects have conducted the measured variables, GMFM, GAITRite, PDM Multifunction Force Measuring Plate after treatment. Results: There was statistically significant increase of Gross Motor Function Measure scores of the experimental group and control group after 4 weeks (p<.05). There was statistically significant increase of gait and balance function of the experimental group after 4 weeks of task-oriented training (p<.05). The experimental group showed a significantly improvement in GMFM, gait, and balance compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study proved that task-oriented training after stroke can improve Gross Motor Function Measure, gait and balance. Thus this study can suggest that task-oriented training for gross motor function, gait and balance be effective on the cerebral palsy.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.121-129
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• 2012

PURPOSES : Traffic accidents at intersections have been increased annually so that it is required to examine the causations to reduce the accidents. However, the current existing accident models were developed mainly with non-linear regression models such as Poisson methods. These non-linear regression methods lack to reveal complicated causations for traffic accidents, though they are right choices to study randomness and non-linearity of accidents. Therefore, to reveal the complicated causations of traffic accidents, this study used structural equation methods(SEM). METHODS : SEM used in this study is a statistical technique for estimating causal relations using a combination of statistical data and qualitative causal assumptions. SEM allow exploratory modeling, meaning they are suited to theory development. The method is tested against the obtained measurement data to determine how well the model fits the data. Among the strengths of SEM is the ability to construct latent variables: variables which are not measured directly, but are estimated in the model from several measured variables. This allows the modeler to explicitly capture the unreliability of measurement in the model, which allows the structural relations between latent variables to be accurately estimated. RESULTS : The study results showed that causal factors could be grouped into 3. Factor 1 includes traffic variables, and Factor 2 contains turning traffic variables. Factor 3 consists of other road element variables such as speed limits or signal cycles. CONCLUSIONS : Non-linear regression models can be used to develop accident predictions models. However, they lack to estimate causal factors, because they select only few significant variables to raise the accuracy of the model performance. Compared to the regressions, SEM has merits to estimate causal factors affecting accidents, because it allows the structural relations between latent variables. Therefore, this study used SEM to estimate causal factors affecting accident at urban signalized intersections.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.269-273
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• 2013

Objective : Posture induced common peroneal nerve (CPN) palsy is usually produced during the prolonged squatting or habitual leg crossing while seated, especially in Asian culture and is manifested by the onset of foot drop. Because of its similarity to discogenic foot drop, patients may be diagnosed with a lumbar disc disorder, and in some patients, surgeons may perform unnecessary examinations and even spine surgery. The purpose of our study is to establish the clinical characteristics and diagnostic assessment of posture induced CPN palsy. Methods : From June 2008 to June 2012, a retrospective study was performed on 26 patients diagnosed with peroneal nerve palsy in neurophysiologic study among patients experiencing foot drop after maintaining a certain posture for a long time. Results : The inducing postures were squatting (14 patients), sitting cross-legged (6 patients), lying down (4 patients), walking and driving. The mean prolonged neural injury time was 124.2 minutes. The most common clinical presentation was foot drop and the most affected sensory area was dorsum of the foot with tingling sensation (14 patients), numbness (8 patients), and burning sensation (4 patients). The clinical improvement began after a mean 6 weeks, which is not related to neural injury times. Electrophysiology evaluation was performed after 2 weeks later and showed delayed CPN nerve conduction study (NCS) in 24 patients and deep peroneal nerve in 2 patients. Conclusion : We suggest that an awareness of these clinical characteristics and diagnostic assessment methods may help clinicians make a diagnosis of posture induced CPN palsy and preclude unnecessary studies or inappropriate treatment in foot drop patients.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.20
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• pp.1-12
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• 2018

In February 1986, a high-school student reported the discovery of fragments of gilt-bronze burial goods on a mountainside behind a village in Ipjeom-ri, Ungpo-myeon in Iksan. The National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage immediately undertook an excavation. Unfortunately, gilt-bronze relics including a band and vertical decorations for a crown, a hat, and shoes had already been collected from Ipjeom-ri Tomb 1 by the student who found them before they could be properly excavated. Also, the interior of the stone chamber of the tomb had been severely disturbed by the time of excavation, making it difficult to identify the precise original locations of the relics within the tomb and hindering the reassembly of the fragments of the gilt-bronze crown. After conservation treatment, the gilt-bronze hat, shoes, and other relics were restored to their original forms and researchers were able to identify incised designs of a three-legged bonghwang(鳳凰), fish scales, lotus flowers, and other motifs. This study presents the major features of the fragments of gilt-bronze relics from Ipjeom-ri Tomb 1 and the methods of their production in order to provide basic material for their restoration and allow the eventual restoration of the giltbronze crown to its original condition.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.217-222
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• 2017

Recent studies for working robot in dangerous places have been carried out on large unmanned ground vehicles or 4-legged robots with the advantage of long working time, but it is difficult to apply in practical dangerous fields which require the real-time system with high locomotion and capability of delicate working. This research shows the collaborated docking system of drone and ground vehicles which combines image processing algorithm and laser sensors for effective detection of docking markers, and is finally capable of moving a long distance and doing very delicate works. We proposed the docking system of drone and ground vehicles with sensor fusion which also suggests two template matching methods appropriate for this application. The system showed 95% docking success rate in 50 docking attempts.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.39 no.8
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• pp.743-749
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• 2015

In this paper, we describe the dynamic tumble-stability analysis of a seabed-walking robot named Crabster (CR200) in forward-incident currents. CR200 is designed to be operated in tidal-current conditions, and its body shape is also designed to minimize hydrodynamic resistances considering hydrodynamics. To analyze its tumble stability, we adopt the dynamic stability margin of a ground-legged robot and modify the definition of the margin to consider tidal-current effects. To analyze its dynamic tumble stability, we use the estimated hydrodynamic forces that act on the robot in various tidal-current conditions, and analyze the dynamic tumble-stability margin of the robot using the estimated results obtained for the various tidal-current conditions. From the analyses, we confirm the improved tumble stability of the robot according to the movement of the tumble axis caused by the supporting points of the legs.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.199-211
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• 2008

This study deals with the side right-angle collisions of 4-legged signalized intersections in Cheongju. The goals are to analyze the characteristics of accidents and to find out the accident factors that affect severity using ordered probit model. In pursuing the above, the study uses the data of 580 side right-angle collisions occurred at the 181 intersections(2004-2005). The analyses show that more accidents were occurred in the nighttime and in going straight. The main cause was analyzed to be the red-light violation. Also, the main results of modeling are the following, First, the likelihood ratio index is 0.094 and t-ratio values that explain goodness of fit are significant. Second, minor road traffic volumes, minor road lanes, major road left-turn lanes, major road left-turn signal, major road yellow signal time, cross angle, major and minor road speed limits are significant factors affecting crash severities at signalized intersections.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.996-1001
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• 2006

Automatic washing machines have been improved and popularized steadily since the first electric washing machine was produced in the early 1900's. Appliance industry has tried to obtain the performance of washing machine with large capacity, high energy efficiency, low vibration and low noise levels. As the installation peace of a washer becomes closer to the living space, vibration and noise problems become more important challenges. In general, a washing machine has four legs to support its body. Four legs of the washing machine should be attached on a floor. If not so, it may cause severe vibration or walking in the spin-drying process. Unfortunately, the floor of an ordinary house is bumpy in general, and the consumers will not accept bolting washing machines to a foundation; moreover, sometimes they move the location of their washing machines to utility rooms or bath rooms or kitchens and don't care for leveling the legs exactly. In this study, we devise an auto-leg system that prevents the occurrence of abnormal vibration and walking of washing machines. It is simply composed of a spring and a friction damper. Some experiments are implemented to show the dynamic characteristics of the three-dimensional auto-legged washing machine model that is located on the even or uneven ground. A spring parameter is optimized to adjust the length of the auto-leg system automatically up to 10 mm irregularity, and the friction damper is designed to decrease a resonance induced by the spring of the auto-leg system. Some numerical results show that placing the proposed auto-leg system in a washing machine makes good performance with low vibration, as well as low noise, regardless of the unevenness of the floor.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.12
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• pp.1247-1256
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• 2012

The paper details the development of a Korean style loungewear based on traditional Korean hanbok clothing. For this, we surveyed and collected data from 3,500 adults over 20 years of age. The questions were on their preferences of hanbok for both traditional and contemporary styles as well as loungewear. The survey showed that preferences for hanbok were high for both traditional and contemporary styles. The survey also suggests how a successful mass-produced Korean style loungewear should be designed to increase its popularity. It should feature comfortably simplified silhouettes, a selection of contemporary colors from Korean symbolic colors, modernized Korean textile surface designs, and easy-to-maintain healthy fabric. Based on these results, the development direction of Korean style loungewear was set and various loungewear samples were produced. Another group of survey participants were asked to try on samples and their preferences were surveyed. At the conclusion, a version that was most preferred among the participants was obtained. We suggest one-piece style and two-piece style designs with silhouettes based on the characteristics of traditional Korean costumes. The preferred fabric for loungewear was natural and soft cotton. We suggest the necessity and effectiveness of loungewear made with environment-friendly hanji-fabric. The main colors for loungewear were selected based on survey: blue, red, white, and saekdong (color stripes). We made color combinations with the main colors then applied the textile surface designs. The traditional Korean patterns of Hangeul (Korean letters), taegeuk (yin-yang), geometric figures, and samjogo (three-legged crow) were also chosen, and then loungewear using the textile designs was developed. The results have been shown on the "Han Style Fashion Show" by Jeonju City and exhibited in the "Seoul Living Design Fair" and the "International Art & Craft Trend Fair" in COEX, Seoul.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.143-151
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effect of single-leg stance training according to different support surfaces on walking speed and balance in patients with chronic hemiplegia. Methods: Twenty-two patients with chronic stroke were randomly categorized into an experimental group (11 patients) and a control group (11 patients). In the experimental group, single-leg stance training was performed on an unstable surface after 50 min of general physical therapy. In the control group, single-leg stance training was performed on a stable surface after 50 min of general physical therapy. All participants performed five sets of single-leg stance exercises per minute and rested for 3 min. The intervention was performed 5 times a week for 4 weeks, and each patient was evaluated using the Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Fugl-Meyer Assessment Scale (FMA), and difference in walking speed between the first and last day of the intervention. Results: Compared to baseline measurements, both study groups showed significant increases in FMA, BBS, and walking speed (p<.05) after the intervention. However, there was no statistically significant difference (p>.05) between the experimental and control groups. However, in the experimental group, the increases in FMA, BBS, and walking speed were 3.36 %, 9.50 %, and 7.71 %, respectively. In the control group, the increases in FMA, BBS, and walking speed were 2.39 %, 6.65 %, and 7.64 %. Conclusion: Single-leg stance training on different support surfaces could help improve walking ability and balance in patients with chronic hemiplegia.