• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.83-91
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• 1982

The mandibular movement during mastication has been studied, however there is still much controversy, therefore the purpose of this study was to establish the fundamental data in order to provide the functional occlusion and information in prosthodontic treatment, and the diagnosis of temporomandibular joint disorder. The author analyzed the characteristics of the border and masticatory movements using the Mandibular Kinesiograph. The value, direction, deviation angulation of the border and masticatory movements were studied on the sagittal and frontal planes in 24 male subjects age of 22-28 without orofacial problems. The obtained results were as follows: 1. The values of border movement on the sagittal plane were an average of $25.81{\pm}5.14mm$ in vertical component and $24.37{\pm}3.76mm$ in ant-post component, and the posterior terminal hinge movement, $9.31{\pm}3.62mm$ in vertical component and $7.59{\pm}2.65mm$ in ant-post. component. 2. The distribution range of the masticatory movement within the border movement was an average of $19.2{\pm}12.81%$ of maximum ant-post, values and $55.5{\pm}16.1%$ of maximum values of border movement, and the movement path, for the most part, was directed to posterior deviation and ranged from 0.98 to 12.00mm, on an average of $5.15{\pm}3.49mm$. 3. On the frontal plane, a number of left and right deviation in 24 subjects was same, however, the right deviation was an average of $2.51{\pm}1.67mm$ compared with the left deviation. 4. On the frontal plane, the point of maximum lateral deviation was an average of $49.7{\pm}11.0%$ of maximum opening values. 5. The angulation between the terminal hinge movement path and the masticatory path was an average of $24.00{\pm}4.65$.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.30 no.1_2
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• pp.153-163
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose a new technique of image based rendering(IBR) for the pose transformation of a face by using only a frontal face image and its mesh without a three-dimensional model. To substitute the 3D geometric model, first, we make up a standard mesh set of a certain person for several face sides ; front. left, right, half-left and half-right sides. For the given person, we compose only the frontal mesh of the frontal face image to be transformed. The other mesh is automatically generated based on the standard mesh set. And then, the frontal face image is geometrically transformed to give different view by using Invertible Meshwarp Algorithm, which is improved to tolerate the overlap or inversion of neighbor vertexes in the mesh. The same warping algorithm is used to generate the opening or closing effect of both eyes and a mouth. To evaluate the transformation performance, we capture dynamic images from 10 persons rotating their heads horizontally. And we measure the location error of 14 main features between the corresponding original and transformed facial images. That is, the average difference is calculated between the distances from the center of both eyes to each feature point for the corresponding original and transformed images. As a result, the average error in feature location is about 7.0% of the distance from the center of both eyes to the center of a mouth.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.319-330
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• 2007

Defining right and left side differences in mandibular ramus height is one of the key elements in the diagnosis of facial asymmetry. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of correction of ramus height with frontal and lateral ramal inclinations (FRI and LRI) in 2-dimensional cephalograms and observe how this affects the diagnostic accuracy of asymmetry. Methods: Frontal and lateral cephalograms were obtained in 40 individuals with chin deviation. FRI and LRI were measured on each side and ramus height measurement was corrected with these inclinations using Pythagorean's theorem. The results of diagnosis before and after correction on cephalograms were compared with the results in 3D CT images. Results: Both FRI and LRI showed greater values in the contralateral side than in the chin-deviated side and these contributed to an increase in the right and left side ramus height differences. After comparison of diagnostic results before and after correction on cephalograms with the results on 3D CT images, the sensitivity increased significantly (from 74 to 94 %) whereas the specificity decreased (from 44 to 22 %). Overall accuracy increased from 68 to 78 % with the correction using FRI and LRI. Conclusions: The results of the present study indicate that correction of ramus height with FRI and LRI is useful for an accurate diagnosis of facial asymmetry on frontal cephalograms.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.143-151
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• 2018

A marine ciliate Amphisiella milnei (Kahl, 1932) $Horv{\acute{a}}th$, 1950 was discovered from the tidal pool of Baekdo Island, South Korea. The existence of extra cirri between leftmost frontal cirrus and buccal cirrus discriminates this species from its congeners. Its morphological features are described as follows: body size in vivo $110-130{\times}35-45{\mu}m$; elongate rectangular to elliptical in shape; two large and several small ring-shaped structures; yellowish cortical granules arranged irregularly on ventral side but longitudinally along dorsal kineties on dorsal side; 34-40 adoral membranelles, 3 frontal cirri, 1 buccal cirrus, 1 parabuccal cirrus, usually 2 extra cirri behind leftmost frontal cirrus, and 3 frontoventral cirri; amphisiellid median cirral row composed of 25-31 cirri with 27-36 left and 27-44 right marginal cirri; usually 5 transverse cirri and 2 pretransverse cirri with 7 dorsal kineties; two macronuclear nodules. In addition to, 18S rDNA sequence of A. milnei was analyzed to understand its phylogenetic relationship.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.170-179
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the spatiotemporal cortical activation pattern and functional connectivity during visual perception of words. 61 channel recordings of electroencephalogram were obtained from 15 subjects while they were judging the meaning of Korean, English, and Chinese words with concrete meanings. We examined event-related potentials (ERP) and applied independent component analysis (ICA) to find and separate simultaneously activated neural sources. Spectral analysis was also performed to investigate the gamma-band activity (GBA, 30-50 Hz) which is known to reflect feature binding. Five significant ERP components were identified and left hemispheric dominance was observed for most sites. Meaningful differences of amplitudes and latencies among languages were observed. It seemed that familiarity with each language and orthographic characteristics affected the characteristics of ERP components. ICA helped confirm several prominent sources corresponding to some ERP components. The results of spectral and time-frequency analyses showed distinct GBAs at prefrontal, frontal, and temporal sites. The GBAs at prefrontal and temporal sites were significantly correlated with the LPC amplitude and response time. The differences in spatiotemporal patterns of GBA among languages were not prominent compared to the inter-individual differences. The gamma-band coherence revealed short-range connectivity within frontal region and long-range connectivity between frontal, posterior, and temporal sites.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.568-580
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the brain activities by 4-types of Generating Process of Scientific Emotion (GPSE) in the hypothesis-generating biological phenomena by using fMRI. Four-types of GPSE were involved in the Basic Generating Process (BGP), Retrospective Generating Process (RGP), Cognitive Generating Process (CGP) and Attributive Generating Process (AGP). For this study, we made an experimental design capable of validating the 4-types of generating process (e.g. BGP, RGP, CGP and AGP), and then measured BOLD signals of 10 pre-service teachers' brain activities by 3.0T fMRI system. Subjects were 10 healthy females majoring in biology education. As a result, there were clear differences among 4-types of GPSE. Brain areas activated by BGP were at right occipital lobe (BA 17), at left thalamus and left parahippocampal gyrus, while in the case of RGP, at left superior parietal lobe (BA 8, 9), at left pulvinar and left globus pallidus were activated. Brain areas activated by CGP were the right posterior cingulate and left medial frontal gyrus (BA 6). In the case of AGP, the most distinctively activated brain areas were the right medial frontal gyrus (BA 8) and left inferior parietal lobule (BA 40). These results would mean that each of the 4-types of GPSE has a specific neural networks in the brain, respectively. Furthermore, it would provide the basis of brain-based learning in science education.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.109-112
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• 2009

A three-week old female Chihuahua dog weighing 80 g was presented with the absence of skull palpation, suckling disability, and growth retardation. Physical examination revealed asymmetry of the lips slanting to the left side when feeding milk. Also there were head tilt to the left side and corneal ulcer of the left eye. The absence of the frontal and parietal bones were shown on radiographs. Lateral ventricular enlargement was identified on the ultrasonographic examination. On computed tomographs, frontal and parietal bone defect, ventricle enlargement, and intracranial arachnoid cyst were observed. The dog was dead after 1 day of presentation. The dog was diagnosed as the primary acalvaria by necropsy.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.1260-1274
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• 2016

To obtain good summarization algorithms, we need first understand how people summarize videos. 'Semantic gap' refers to the gap between semantics implied in video summarization algorithms and what people actually infer from watching videos. We hypothesized that ERP responses to real time videos will show either N400 effects to topic-irrelevant shots in the 300∼500ms time-range after stimulus on-set or P600 effects to topic-relevant shots in the 500∼700ms time range. We recruited 32 participants in the EEG experiment, asking them to focus on the topic of short videos and to memorize relevant shots to the topic of the video. After analysing real time videos based on the participants' rating information, we obtained the following t-test result, showing N400 effects on PF1, F7, F3, C3, Cz, T7, and FT7 positions on the left and central hemisphere, and P600 effects on PF1, C3, Cz, and FCz on the left and central hemisphere and C4, FC4, P8, and TP8 on the right. A further 3-way MANOVA test with repeated measures of topic-relevance, hemisphere, and electrode positions showed significant interaction effects, implying that the left hemisphere at central, frontal, and pre-frontal positions were sensitive in detecting topic-relevant shots while watching real time videos.

• Child Studies in Asia-Pacific Contexts
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.63-81
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• 2015

The present study examined electrical brain activations in participants playing three different video games. Forty-five adolescents between the ages of 13-17 (M=14.3 years, SD=1.5) were randomly assigned to play either a violent game, non-violent game, or brain training game. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded during video game play. Following game play, participants completed a questionnaire measuring prosocial personality. Results show an association between prosocial personality factors and differential patterns of brain activation in game groups. Adolescents with higher empathy playing the brain training game were positively correlated with frontal asymmetry scores, while empathy scores for those in non-violent and violent game groups were negatively linked to frontal asymmetric activation scores. Those with higher scores in helpfulness in the non-violent game group showed a positive association to left hemisphere activation. Implications behind these findings are discussed in the manuscript.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.7-12
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• 2018

The Korean New Car Assessment Program (KNCAP) is a program to evaluate the safety of automobiles. In the safety assessment method, there are frontal collision, partial frontal collision, side collision, pillar collision, and left stability in the collision safety category. Among them, Korean in-depth analysis data shows that there are a lot of side collision accidents and it is necessary to protect them. This study will analyze the side collision accident that occurred in actual traffic accident based on Korea In-Depth Accident Study (KIDAS) and investigate the effect of center airbag on passenger in under side collision. In addition, with simulated side collision scenarios in the various side impact directions, it was investigated how the center airbag affects the driver and passenger in terms of kinematic and injury levels.