• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.127-130
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• 2009

Purpose: In an amputated auricle, a microvascular anastomosis is the best treatment of choice. But, the neartotally amputated auricle which is connected by very narrow tissue pedicle to the head, can survive by simple attachment without a microvascular anastomosis owing to the rich vascular network through the superficial temporal artery and posterior auricular artery. In cases of venous congestion resulting from a lack of vein anastomosis, medical leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) can solve the problem. We are reporting the case of a 6-year-old boy who had a neartotally amputated auricle with successful results by simple closure and medical leech treatment without a microvascular anastomosis. Methods: A 6-year-old male patient had an left auricular injury by an escalator accident. The left auricle was neartotally amputated from the temporal head with connection only by very narrow skin and subcutaneous pedicle (about 1 cm in width) at the helical root of upper and anterior part of auricle. Marginal bleeding from the avulsed auricle was noted and the arterial blood was supplied from a branch of upper auricular branch of the superficial temporal artery. The auricle was repaired by simple closure including cartilage and skin without any vascular anastomosis. After simple closure, the auricle showed good circulation with pink color. But on the 2nd day after the operation, there was a venous congestion with severe swelling, which resulted in a purplish colored auricle. The venous congestion disappeared after using medical leeches by the 5th day after the operation. Results: The repaired auricle showed aesthetically and functionally satisfactory result with normal development at the 9 months follow-up check after the operation. Conclusion: In cases of neartotally amputated auricles of children or crushing injury in which microsurgery is difficult, we can try simple closure with the use of medical leeches in treating a of venous congestion for a successful result.

• Proceedings of the Korea Crystallographic Association Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.13-13
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• 2003

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.34-45
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• 1994

This investigation has been carried out to examine the structure of digestive tract from Korean Leech, Erpobdella lineata, using light and electron microscope. The digestive tract is composed of mouth, pharynx, Oesophagus, six-chambered stomach, three-chambered intestine, rectum and anus. Stomach and intestine have not gastric or intestine ceca and consist of only straight tube. All digestive tracts from pharynx to rectum are covered with simple columnar epithelial cells. While the surfaces of endothelial cell of pharynx and rectum are covered with cuticular layer of about $0.3{\mu}m$ in thickness, stomach and intestine are covered with estimated $0.2-0.3{\mu}m$ and $0.5{\mu}m$ microvilli respectively. Circular folds were found only in first and second chambers of stomach, intestine and rectum, but not in pharynx and the other chambers (third to sixth) of stomach. The granules of $0.3-0.8{\mu}m$ and $0.5-1.0{\mu}m$ in diameter were observed in the cytoplasm of stomach endothelial cell. These granules were demonstrated to contain protein which showed a positive reaction to ninhydrin. It was also found that there are well-developed microvilli in the apical portion of intestine endothelial cell in which endocytosis occurs actively.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.281-288
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• 1994

한국산 거머리(Erpobdella lineate)의 전, 후 흠반을 광학현미경과 투과전자현미경을 사용하여 조직화학적 및 미세구조적 연구를 수행한 결과 다음과 같았다. 거머리 전, 후 홍안에서 관찰된 상피세포는 불규칙한 단층원주형 상피로 되어 있으며, 상피세포의 상단에는 큐티를층이 있고 측면원형질 막은 거치상을 이루면서 여러개의 desmosome이 관찰되 었다. 큐티클층은 projection eplcuticularis, amorphorous stratum 및 fibrous stratum 등 3부분으로 구분되었다. 전, 후 출반의 상피조직 사이에서 공히 a형 분비과립과 b혐 분비과립 등이 관찰되었는데, 이 세포에서 분비된 과립들은 중성점액다당류로 확인되었다. 전 흠반의 횡단면 상피조직 밑에서 많은 근육세포들조 형성된 원형의 집단들이 다수 관찰되었는데, 이는 흠반의 흡수기능과 밀접한 관계가 있었다 비교적 통근형태의 근육세포들은 세포의 원형질막 내측에 많은 근섬유 다발을 지니고 있고 그 중앙에는 cristae가 발달된 많은 수의 사립체들이 모여 있었다. 전, 후 출반의 결합조직 내에서 5종류(A, B, C, D 및 I 등)의 분비과립들이 관찰되었다. 그 중 C, D 과립은 전, 후 흡반에서 공통으로 관찰되고, A, B 과립은 전 흠반에서, E 과립은 후 흠반에서만 각각 관찰되었는데, 이들 역시 모두 중성점액다당류로 확인되었다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.12
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• pp.70-77
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• 2016

In this study, we aim to obtain the fundamental data needed for the objective analysis and bio-mimetics of leeches, using x-ray imaging with radiation that allows 3D analysis of the detailed anatomic structures of leeches. It was confirmed that through using radiation, detailed images of leeches can be obtained, allowing 3D analysis of leeches' anatomical structures. Also, since the data obtained through the radiation allows you to observe the micro-structure, it can serve as a good resource for component analysis, as well as physiological and functional research. More, it is hoped to contribute to further research in the areas of bio-mimetics using leeches.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.399-407
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• 2010

On the inner side of each operculum of the crucian carp, Carassius auratus (n=10), the leech, Limnotrachelobdella sinensis of 1-4 individuals were parasitic. The leeches had approximately 41.0 mm in total length and 11 mm in width. These body was composed with anterior sucker, neck, trunk and posterior sucker and average length was 2.3 mm, 7.2 mm, 23.3 mm and 8.7 mm respectively. To both sides of the trunk lateral vesicle of 11 pair existed. When observed by SEM, anterior sucker was hemisphere shape and the mouth where proboscis comes out existed with the its center. Proboscis was connected the esophagus directly. Under light microscopy, bloodsucking gill of C. auratus showed lamella fusion, hypertrophy the epithelial cell of the filament and lamella, increased mucocytes and congested capillaries. On the other hand, necrotic and hydropic degeneration epithelial cell of the lamella, and infiltration of the macrophages from some individuals were suggested the secondary infection with the bacteria or virus after bloodsucking activity of the leech.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.44-53
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• 1997

The purpose of this study is to analyze dress meanings painted by elementary school girl. As in language, the dress is the symbol and form of non-verval communicator its wearer by means of the mentalistic semantics. Also it is to analyze meanings of dress by applying the semantics of Geoffrey Leech. The followings are the findings of the analysis 1. The conceptual are the findings of the analysis 2. The social meaning is indicating the feminine image. 3. The offective meaning is indicating the aesthetic value.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.341-343
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• 2010

The sterrhine species Scopula plumbearia (Leech) is reported for the first time in Korea, based on four male specimens from an island in Dadohaehaesang National Park, Jeonnam Province. Diagnosis of the species is provided with a brief description of the adult, including male genitalia.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-25
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• 1995

The aim of thesis is to analyze dress phenomena, the semantic function and meaning of clothing were respectively on the basis of Semantics and Society by Geoffrey Leech and mentalistic semantics. To comprehend the actual clothing behaviour better, the pictures taken on the streets were used, including all kinds of the western-style and the traditional Korean costumes in Korea. The followings are the findings of the analysis. A in language, the semantic functions of the clothing are the informational, the expressive, the directive, the aesthetic, and the phatic functions. They communicate operating simultaneously. The clothing is the mentalistic semantics.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.46-49
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• 2010

Purpose: It has been reported that the ear perfusion can maintain by a very small pedicle because the ear has good vascularized system. Replantation of an amputated ear with vascular anastmosis, has been reported before and offers the succeessful reconstructive results. But, in this paper we report a case of complete nonmicrosurgical salvage of a nearly amputated ear based on 7 mm-wide small skin pedicle with adjunctive therapies. Methods: A 49-year-old man was referred with a nearly complete detachment of left ear. The blood supply to the ear was maintained exclusively on 7 mm-wide small skin pedicle in the lobule. After we identified the fresh bleeding at the distal margin of the detached ear, we performed the primary repair. At the end of the procedure, the areas of the concha bowl and helical root appeared to be congested. So the immediate postoperative treatment for improving the tissue survival was done with Lipo-Prostaglandin E1 (Eglandin$^{(R)}$) injection, leech apply and antibiotics medications. Results: Assessment of the replanted ear on postoperative day 14 revealed a nearly viable auricle including the helical root. The ear appeared to be entirely healed, with excellent projection and fully restored normal elasticity. Conclusion: We found the complete salvage of a nearly amputated ear based on 7 mm-wide small skin pedicle with adjunctive therapies including Lipo-Prostaglandin E1 (Eglandin$^{(R)}$) injection, leech apply and antibiotics without microsurgery.