• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.77-86
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• 2017

This study aims to explore the unethical issues in leather processing and to develop designs of leather products based on the concept of reincarnation by ecosystem circulation. The method used in this research include the review of previous literature and the design process for development fashion accessories using waste leather. The design process comprises collecting waste leather, classifying waste leather by type, color, and size, and developing leather products according to line carnation method. For this research, the material was limited to waste cowhide leather collected from leather workshops and leather product factories. The leather pieces were divided into typical and atypical types and developed leather accessories based on the leather piece's color and size. A twill brooch, four-string bracelet, a brooch using the four-stringed leather strap and mini handbag designs were developed using regular type waste leather. An armband of abstract patterns and a cellphone case with graffiti pattern using irregular type over-splitting waste leather. The environmental issues in design are observed as part of understanding the significance of this study. Development of waste leather accessory can expand the usability of the waste leather as well as increase the product value by creating limited-line editions. By understanding the role and benefits of sustainable upcycling, this research suggests an efficient way to use waste materials in fashion to coexist with the natural environment.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.71-82
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• 2011

This paper examined the kinds and characteristics of leather and also analyzed the expression techniques and characteristics of leather in contemporary fashion. The objective of this study lies in re-interpreting the current location of leather in contemporary fashion design, enlarging unlimited potential expression fields of leather, and at the same time, helping create new viewpoints and expression types of leather. For this purpose, this paper examined the kinds and characteristics of leather through the existing literatures, and it also carried out positive analysis of the expression techniques and characteristics of leather clothes through local and foreign fashion magazines and collection papers, such as Gap, Vogue, and Mode & Mode, focusing on the works presented in the fashion collections after 2000. Leather in contemporary fashion is expressed in different colors through dyeing. Through various expression techniques such as wrinkles, ruffle, stitch, embossing, quilting, patchwork, holing, nailing, cutting, laser cutting, fringe, weaving, printing, and collage, leather breaks the fixed ideas of itself and further, it makes the images of fashion design affluent. Leather clothes, which are made through various expression techniques, have some characteristics. First, leather clothes emphasize women's voluptuous beauty. Second, leather clothes create a decorative effect through mixture of materials and various expression techniques. Third, through the feel of materials and the emphasis of shapes, primitive beauty is expressed.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.55-70
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• 2022

In the 21^st century, the demand for eco-friendly leather, such as eco-leather and vegan leather, is steadily increasing. This study examines the influence of eco-friendliness on consumers' purchasing intentions and the possibility of eco-friendly changes in the fashion accessory market, which is dominated by leather material and leather substitutes. This study administered a questionnaire survey to 227 males and females between 20 and 60 years of age in Korea. With a 5-point Likert scale, data were collected on evaluation criteria when purchasing shoes and bags and purchasing intention of various leather substitute materials according to the democratic variables. The eco-friendliness attitude was divided into eco-consciousness and green behavior. As the eco-friendly attitude increased, most purchasing standards increased, but the purchasing criteria, such as trends, brands, and prices, did not correlate with the eco-friendly attitude. The eco-consciousness of a consumer had a high correlation with the design evaluation criteria, while the green behavior of the consumer aligned with durability and comfort criteria when purchasing a bag. There was a preference for recycled leather, vegetable leather, synthetic leather, and chemical leather, and the fabric type was ranked as natural fiber, biodegradable fiber, and synthetic fiber. Consumers with both green behavior and eco-consciousness are more likely to purchase biodegradable textiles and vegetable leather for the material of shoes and bags.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.42-65
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• 2023

Leather is widely used in human lives and many industries, and the market size continues to grow. In terms of quality and durability, natural leather is still being used as the most luxurious product. And synthetic leather, made of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyurethane (PU), were developed and being widely have been used as alternative materials for natural leather. Processes, properties and issues of these leather were reviewed. Then silicone leather was reviewed why they can be good candidates for leather. Properties of general silicone polymers and silicone rubber coating agents were reviewed such as eco-friendliness, human-friendliness, stain resistances, resistance to uv light and ozone, heat stability and so on. Papers and patents related to silicone leather were studied to understand current status of development and commercialization of silicone leather. Finally direction of development was described how to improve deficient performances of current silicone leather, such as formulation of silicone, combination with organic materials and manufacturing processes.

• Textile Coloration and Finishing
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.151-158
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• 2023

In this study, we investigated the durability properties of the recycled leather using shaving scrap with antioxidant. Recycled leather sheets were manufactured by mixing shaving scrap and NB latex as a binder. HALS(Hindered Amine Light Stabilizer) and UVA(UV absorbers) were used as antioxidant. Mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength, elongation, tear strength and abrasion resistance were measured. Light aging resistance was evaluated using UV lamp and the degree of discoloration of the recycled leather sheets using a gray scale. In addition, to evaluate heat aging and UV aging, the degree of discoloration of the recycled leather sheets over time was measured using colorimeter. Washing fastness was evaluated on the degree of dyeing of recycled leather sheets for six type of multi-fiber woven fabrics (Acetate, Cotton, Nylon-66, Polyester, Acryl, Wool). To determine whether hazardous substances were detected in recycled leather sheets, the contents of arylamine and Cr 6⁺ were evaluated. As a result, when used in combination with antioxidant, the heat aging and light aging of recycled leather were improved and hazardous substance were not detected.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.15-17
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• 1965

The list of fungi which may be found on leather has already grown to over fifty fungi. Strains of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Paecilomyces appears to be the most common ones. However, there had been no studies concerning the antifungal action of leather in Korea. Therefore the authors attempt to isolate the strains of fungi from leather. In this study, the strains of Aspergillus niger, glaucus and oryzae were isolated respectively out of leather, then it was identified eachly. These strains of fungi could grow in the presence of fat and oils, it is obvious that leather-mildew utilize fat and oils of leather-products as a carbon-saurce.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.541-550
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to find out the factors that explain the sense of touch and preference of man-made leather. Date base of descriptors for man-made leather was collected by interviewing 50 consumers, 33 different kinds of commercial man-made leathers(synthetic leather and artificial leather) were assessed subjectively by 605 consumers using the 9-point scale of 34 pairs of bipolar descriptors based on the data base. Subjective ratings were analyzed by principal axis factoring with varimax rota-tion. The sense of touch of man-made leather is explained by five factors ; surface property stretchiness thickness& weight thermal property(warmth & coolness) and moisture property (sticky & clingy). The difference in the sense of touch of man-made leathers is mainly attributable to surface property and stretchiness. And the preference of man-made leathers is mainly attributable to surface property and stretchiness. And the preference of man-made leather is explained by three factors ; surface property stretchiness and quality. Higher preference is found in man-mad leather of better quality touch and softness.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.363-373
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• 1973

The Sewability was tested with the seam strength and Puckering Grade by a general sewing machine according to some properties of simulated Leather, yarn tensile strength needle and stitches. The main results tested are as follows ; 1. The thick and uncomfortable leather is unable to be sewed by a general sewing machine, but the thin and soft one is able to. 2. The interval between stitches depends on type of leather used, and the variance in accordance with type of leather varies much more in the case of narrower interval. 3. When the sewability of leather-surface is not so good, is desirable to pour oil on the surface for the purpose of better efficiency. 4. The seam strength is directly proportional to interval of stitch and tensile strength of yarn and leather used, and needle No. 14 is more effective than No.1l. 5. The more the soft and thin leather is, the lower the Puckering Grade becomes. Type of yarn and interval of stitches do not seem to effect the Puckering Grade.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.136-140
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• 2002

Every year fish skin, bone and intestines are discarded as processing waste material. The use of fish processing waste material is more economical and environmental-friendly. The leather-like material was produced using shark intestine. Physical charactistics such as tensile strength, elongation, tongue tearing strength, and bursting strength of the leather-like material were measured, and compared with those of a commercial leather product. The values of tensile strength, elongation, tongue tearing strength, and bursting strength of the leather-like material were $3.3kg/mm^2$, $53\%$, 13.0kg/mm and $18kg/cm^2$, respectively. Elongation $(l09\%)$ of the leather-like material coated with lacquer was higher than that of a commercial leather material, and the other factors were similar. The tensile strength and tongue tearing strength of the leather-like material was higher than those of shoes leather, but bursting strength was lower. These results suggested a potential value to use the leather-like material from shark intestines as a substitute for commercial leathers.

• Clean Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.83-90
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• 2005

This paper is about a new method of synthesis organic tanning agent (polymer, polyphenol, polyresin) and discusses their tanning property. It was found that properties of the leather manufactured with application of organic tanning agent were similar to those applied with conventional chrome tanning agent and reducing effects of Cr, T-N, COD, SS concentrations in the effluent.