• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
• /
• v.38 no.5_1
• /
• pp.571-585
• /
• 2022

As the threat of natural disasters such as droughts, floods, forest fires, and landslides increases due to climate change, social demand for high-resolution soil moisture retrieval, such as Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), is also increasing. However, the domestic environment has a high proportion of mountainous topography, making it challenging to retrieve soil moisture from SAR data. This study evaluated the usability of Sentinel-1 SAR, which is applied with the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) technique, to retrieve soil moisture. It was confirmed that the backscattering coefficient obtained from Sentinel-1 significantly correlated with soil moisture behavior, and the possibility of stand-alone use to correct vegetation effects without using auxiliary data observed from other satellites or observatories. However, there was a large difference in the characteristics of each site and topographic group. In particular, when the model learned on the mountain and at flat land cross-applied, the soil moisture could not be properly simulated. In addition, when the number of learning points was increased to solve this problem, the soil moisture retrieval model was smoothed. As a result, the overall correlation coefficient of all sites improved, but errors at individual sites gradually increased. Therefore, systematic research must be conducted in order to widely apply high-resolution SAR soil moisture data. It is expected that it can be effectively used in various fields if the scope of learning sites and application targets are specifically limited.

• Korean Educational Research Journal
• /
• v.43 no.1
• /
• pp.125-152
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences of perceptions of teachers and students regarding teaching skills. For the analysis, data was collected by ICALT(International Comparative Analysis of Learning and Teaching) class observation tool and students survey called My Teacher Questionnaire. a student survey. The data of teachers and students can be compared because as the two tools have seven common domains(Safe and stimulating learning climate, Efficient organization, Clear and structured instructions, Intensive and activating teaching, Adjusting instructions and learner processing to inter-learner differences, Teaching learning strategies, Learner engagement). In 2016, in Daejeon, Chungbuk and Chungnam. trained teachers collected data from 106 classes, and 2,866 students responded the survey. The reliability and validity of the two tools, class observation and MTQ(My Teacher Questionnaire) are proven to be satisfactory for use in Korean schools. Students perception on teaching was high, particularly when students are in lower grades and learning major subjects like English, Korean, and math. The domain of higher teaching skills, male students show higher perceptions while female students reported higher perceptions on lower-level teaching skill domains. To compare the perceptions of teachers and students, the predictive reliability of students engagement against teaching skill domains was used. Teachers showed higher predictive reliability on lower teaching skill domains while students showed higher predictive reliability on higher teaching skill domains. It is recommended for further study to develop a professional development model using a teacher class observation tool and the My Teacher Questionnaire for pre-service teachers and school teachers.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
• /
• v.11 no.8
• /
• pp.339-346
• /
• 2022

Recently, the resource depletion and climate change problem caused by the massive usage of fossil fuels for electric power generation has become a critical issue worldwide. According to this issue, interest in renewable energy resources that can replace fossil fuels is increasing. Especially, photovoltaic power has gaining much attention because there is no risk of resource exhaustion compared to other energy resources and there are low restrictions on installation of photovoltaic system. In order to use the power generated by the photovoltaic system efficiently, a more accurate photovoltaic power forecasting model is required. So far, even though many machine learning and deep learning-based photovoltaic power forecasting models have been proposed, they showed limited success in terms of interpretability. Deep learning-based forecasting models have the disadvantage of being difficult to explain how the forecasting results are derived. To solve this problem, many studies are being conducted on explainable artificial intelligence technique. The reliability of the model can be secured if it is possible to interpret how the model derives the results. Also, the model can be improved to increase the forecasting accuracy based on the analysis results. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an explainable photovoltaic power forecasting scheme based on BiLSTM (Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory) and SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations).

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.28 no.5
• /
• pp.1125-1132
• /
• 2017

In a situation where the severity and frequency of drought events getting stronger and higher, many studies related to drought forecast have been conducted to improve the drought forecast accuracy. However it is difficult to predict drought events using a single model because of nonlinear and complicated characteristics of temporal behavior of drought events. In this study, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the single model approach, we first build various single models capable to explain the relationship between the meteorological drought index, Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and other independent variables such as world climate indices. Then, we developed a combined models using Stochastic Gradient Descent method among Ensemble Learnings.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.112-130
• /
• 2011

The study is aimed to investigate the current status of ESD(Education for Sustainable Development) programs in private sector(businesses) carried out in Korea since UN DESD was launched in 2005, For this purpose we conducted a questionnaire survey and case studies on those companies who have supposedly pursued sustainability management Results of questionnaire surveys showed that those in charge of writing sustainability reports in companies had an extremely high understanding of SO, but were not well aware of ESD. These businesses started to pursue sustainable management due to global trends and decisions of CEOs, and most of them had divisions that took charge of or are responsible for sustainable management Sustainability issues that they mainly dealt with were corporate social responsibility, energy and climate change, but other issues were being covered, too. Internal stakeholders got involved in projects related to sustainability from the planning stage. Learning on sustainable management was primarily made through information delivery, and education programs were usually conducted for staff members and executives. Those who cooperated on their sustainable development projects were mostly local communities, universities, etc. They had few ESD programs that they directly developed and carried out, and few cases of ESD-related cooperation; and in those few cases, their partners were often elementary/middle/high schools and universities. Results of ESD case studies and questionnaire surveys showed that businesses dealt with various issues of sustainable development in addition to corporate social responsibility and diversified education programs were carried out inside these companies, Business themselves, therefore, need to be considered and researched in further detail as important targets of ESD as well as supporters or cooperation partners on ESD programme.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.93-101
• /
• 2013

This study investigated how the unique educational contexts in the Republic of Korea (RK) impacted two science teachers' teaching practices in a public middle school and what the science teaching experience means to them. In particular, we explored how the middle school science teachers decide pedagogical approaches to use in their teaching based on classroom climate, students' attitude toward learning science, school curriculum and classroom culture. Using a phenomenological research approach, we analyzed classroom observation data and interview data to interpret the teachers' science teaching experience. Results of the study showed that the teachers' practice was dominantly affected by two external factors. First, the teachers' teaching practice was affected by the amount of science content knowledge they need to cover within a given class time. Second, the teachers' teaching practice was affected by students' attitudes toward science learning and their science preparedness in private tutoring centers. Implications of the study results are discussed in the paper.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.32-39
• /
• 2012

This research focuses on finding the way of improving creativity in fire stations by scrutinizing the factors influencing and enhancing creativity in organizations. As environmental changes including the needs of citizens as well as the climate change are moving culminated today, fire stations should be changed appropriately to get the legitimacy of existence not to mention their own mission accomplishments. In this respect, the creativity can be expected as the main factor for fire stations' going concern. This research provided 5 hypotheses to find whether the chosen factors such as vision, learning/unlearning and positive feedback affect the creativity in fire stations. To prove hypotheses are valid, we employed survey as a method in which 155 firemen in Seoul responded, ending up with getting the result that the vision formulation and sharing, unlearning activities and positive feedback improve organizational creativity. In conclusion, this paper suggests that fire stations establish useful policies for the creativity based on these research findings.

• Convergence Security Journal
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2020

The rainwater pumping station located near a river prevents river overflow and flood damages by operating several pumps according to the appropriate rules against the reservoir. At the present time, almost all of rainwater pumping stations employ pumping policies based on the simple rules depending only on the water level of reservoir. The ongoing climate change caused by global warming makes it increasingly difficult to predict the amount of rainfall. Therefore, it is difficult to cope with changes in the water level of reservoirs through the simple pumping policy. In this paper, we propose a pump operating method based on deep reinforcement learning which has the ability to select the appropriate number of operating pumps to keep the reservoir to the proper water level using the information of the amount of rainfall, the water volume and current water level of the reservoir. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the simulations are performed using Storm Water Management Model(SWMM), a dynamic rainfall-runoff-routing simulation model, and the performance of the method is compared with that of a pumping policy being in use in the field.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.44-55
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study is to develop an environmental report for children and to examine the learning effects of the environmental report on elementary school students. This study is carried out by the survey. The results of this study are as follows. First, the Environmental Report for children, which consists of 8 subjects related to the environmental policy in Korea. 1) Green Growth and Sustainable Policy, 2) Climate Change, 3) Water Supply and Sewage Policy, 4) Sustainable Watershed Management, 5) Conservation of Biodiversity, 6) Resource Recirculation, 7) Environmental Health for Children, and 8) Environmental Dictionary, was systematically developed. Second, the Environmental report developed was examined the effects to third and fourth grade elementary school students in Incheon and Daegu. By dividing elementary school students into two groups: A Control group and an Experimental group, the lessons were respectively executed. In conclusion, the Environmental Report leads to good effects when it is applied to both Environmental Education and the public relation of the Environmental Policy in Korea. Finally, it would be expected to be efficient in learning Sustainable Development and the Environmental Policy.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.179-187
• /
• 2003

This study investigate the reasons of organizational failure in detection and appropriate response to risk signal. The Crisis does not come true suddenly, there is some risk signals in crisis. If Organization detect the risk signals the crisis is come true opportunities, if not the crisis is come true disastrous outcome. This is use the system dynamics approach. System Dynamics assume the system as a collection of causal feedback loop, so we understand the dynamics around the problems. This investigate suggest that, the focus on growth is the a kind of promotional pressure and the pressure drive the organization to less attention the risk signal, so the risk is underestimate In proportion to real risk. Ultimate, the organization entrap the promotional climate and insensible to security. This study is a kind of hypothesis-discovering research, in the further study, the discovered hypothesis will be empirically tested.