• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.36-48
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• 1997

In order to establish the ignition system for lean burn, the influence of the number of spark plug, spark times and spark intervals on discharge pattern of spark energy on ignitability and combustion characteristics were evaluated. It showed that, ignitability remarkably increased with the case of multiple spark ignition system than with the case of single spark and the lean limit extended fuel/air equivalence ratio by 0.1, the increase of magnitude and lasting time of capacity component and inductance component was multi spark discharge in a row.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 1998

The spray characteristics of air-assisted fuel injection and its effects on the engine combustion was investigated in this study. The atomization characteristics of a Bosch fuel injector inserted into the air-assist adapter were measured using particle motion analysis system. Droplet size decreased with air supplied and fine spray with below $60\mu\textrm{m}$ of SMD was acquired under the conditions of air-assist pressure over 0.5bar. The lean combustion performance of a 1.8L DOHC engine equipped with air-assist adapters was tested on the dynamometer. When the assistant air pressure is 1.0bar, lean limit recorded the highest value, and CO, HC emissions were decreased at the pressure over 1.0bar.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.21-27
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• 2018

The effect of swirl flow structures on combustion dynamics of two interacting, lean-premixed flames was experimentally investigated, with a particular emphasis on swirl numbers and swirl rotational directions. Our results show that the amplitude of limit cycle oscillations is very sensitive to the combination of swirl numbers and rotational directions, while the instability frequency remains nearly unchanged. The counter-rotating cases show significantly lower pressure perturbations, and this behavior appears to be related to the formation of compact interacting zone with higher heat release rate, indicating the presence of increased flame surface wrinkling caused by intense turbulence.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.232-240
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• 1986

Extinction characteristics of the two interacting premixed flames are analyzed for the effects of flame stretch and preferential diffusion using large activation energy asymptotic analysis by adopting counterflow system as a model problem. Results show that the flammable limit of the thermally interacting premixed flames is extended compared to the single flame, and the extinction mechanism is classified into weak and strong interactions. As the lewis number of the deficient species increases, the region of strong interaction diminishes which can explain the different characteristics of the extinction boundaries of the lean (rich) methane/air and butane/air flames. The influence of the flame stretch to the interaction boundaries is also studied.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.56-63
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• 1995

In this paper, the fuel atomization effect of a spark-ignition engine on the lean burn characteristics is studied. The fuel atomization is enhanced by heating the inside of the intake manifold with electric heater. Several operating parameters including cyclic variation are expressed against the air-fuel ratio from the experimental results. The fuel atomization gives much influence on the combustion stability. As the intake manifold is heated, the combustion duration decreased and the value of COV in the lean region as well as in the theoretical equivalence ratio became smaller than of not-heated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2004

An experimental study was carried out to obtain the fundamental data about the effects of radicals induced injection on premixture combustion. A constant volume combustor divided to the sub-chamber and the main chamber was used. The volume of the sub-chamber is set up to occupy less than 1.5％ of that of whole combustion chamber. Radial twelve narrow passage holes are arranged between the main chamber and the sub-chamber. The products including radicals generated by spark ignition in the sub-chamber will derive the simultaneous multi-point ignition in the main chamber. While the equivalence ratio of pre-mixture in the main chamber and the sub-chamber is uniform. We have examined the effects of the sub-chamber volume, the diameter of passage hole, and the equivalence ratio on the combustion characteristics by means of burning pressure measurement and flame visualization. In the case of radical ignition method(RI), the overall turning time including the ignition delay became very short and the maximum burning pressure was slightly increased in comparison with those of the conventional spark ignition method(SI), that is, single chamber combustion without the sub-chamber. The combustible lean limit by RI method is extended to more ER=0.25 than that by SI method. Therefore the decrease of every emission including NOx and the improvement of fuel consumption is anticipated due to lean burn.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.39-45
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• 2012

Today gasoline engines for vehicular application are not only faced with stringent emission regulation but also with increasing requirements to better fuel economy, while guaranteeing power density. The spray-guided type gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine has an advantage of improved thermal efficiency and lower harmful emissions. Centrally mounted high pressure injector and adjacent spark plug allow stable lean combustion due to the flexible mixture stratification. In the present study, the performance and emissions characteristics of developed spray-guided type GDI combustion system were evaluated at various excess air ratio conditions. The specific fuel consumption and nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) emissions were reduced due to the achievement of stable lean combustion under flammability limit. Multiple injection strategy was not helpful to improve fuel consumption while further reduction of $NO_x$ emissions was possible.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.32-42
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• 2015

The combustion instability was experimentally investigated in model gas turbine combustor with dual swirl burner. When such instability occurs, a strong coupling between pressure oscillation and unsteady heat release excites a self-sustained acoustic wave which results in a loud sound, and can even cause fatal damage to the combustor and entire system. In present study, to understand the combustion instability with a premixed mixture, the detailed periods of pressure and heat release data in unstable flame mode were investigated by various measurement methods at relatively rich condition and lean condition near flammable limits. Also, to prepare the utilization of synthetic natural gas (SNG) fuel in gas turbine system, an investigation was conducted using a simulated SNG including methane as a reference fuel to examine the effects of $H_2$ content on flame stability. These results provide that the instability due to flash-back behaviour like CIVB phenomenon occurred at rich condition, while the repetition of relighting and extinction caused the oscillation of lean condition near flammable limit. From the analysis of $H_2$ content effects, it is also confirmed that the instability frequency is proportional to the laminar burning velocity at both rich and lean condition.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

Combustion and fuel distribution characteristics of heavy duty engine with the liquid phase LPG injection(LPLI) were studied in a single cylinder engine, Swirl ratio were varied between 1.2, 2.3, and 3.4 following Ricardo swirl number(Rs) definition, Rs=2.3 showed the best results with lower cycle-by-cycle variation and shorter burning duration in the lean region while strong swirl(Rs=3.4) made these worse for combustion enhancement. Excessive swirl resulted in reverse effects due to high heat transfer and initial flame kernel quenching. Fuel injection timings were categorized with open valve injection(OVI) and closed valve injection(CVI). Open valve injection showed shorter combustion duration and extended lean limit. The formation of rich mixture in the spark plug vicinity was achieved by open valve injection. With higher swirl strength(Rs=3.4) and open valve injection, the cloud of fuel followed the flow direction and the radial air/fuel mixing was limited by strong swirl flow. It was expected that axial stratification was maintained with open-valve injection if the radial component of the swirling motion was stronger than the axial components. The axial fuel stratification and concentration were sensitive to fuel injection timing in case of Rs=3.4 while those were relatively independent of the injection timing in case of Rs=2.3.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2013

PURPOSES: As pavement generally provides service shorter than an expected life cycle, maintenance cost increases gradually. In order to help extending the service life and reduce maintenance cost, a new multi-functional composite pavement system is being developed in Korea. METHODS: This study is a part to develop the multi-functional composite pavement and is to investigate the mechanical performances of fiber-reinforced lean concrete for pavement subbase. The inherent problem of fiber reinforced concrete is dispersion of fibers in concrete mix. This study additionally evaluated fiber dispersion characteristics with respect to different fiber types. RESULTS: From the test results, the compressive strengths of the concretes satisfied the required limit of 5MPa at 7days. The standard deviation of the measured number of fibers were lower in the order of nylon, steel fiber and polypropylene. CONCLUSIONS: Reject ash was shown to be satisfactory as a replacement material to Portland cement in lean concrete base. The fiber volume fraction is suggested to be 0.4% even though the fracture toughness did not vary significantly with respect to fiber types. However, fracture energy absorbed up to complete failure increased with the increased fiber volume fraction increment.