• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.284-288
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• 1997

In order to study on suitable harvest time of adlay utilizing self-feeding combine harvester with four rows, which is originally designed for rice harvest, harvesting were carried out at four different times (40, 50, 60 and 70 days after anthesis) . For efficient operation, appropriate working rows were 2 rows at 50 days after anthesis and working speed was 0.26m/sec at 60 days after anthesis. Theoretical working capability was 11.23a/hr at 60 days after anthesis. As the harvesting was delayed, water content of adlay decreased. Water content of culm+leaf was $69.7{\sim}55.3%$ and water content of grain was 34.2% at 60 days after anthesis. The later adlay was harvested. the higher the percent of ripened grain was. But the immature grain was decreased. Remnants was less than 1.8% at 60 days after anthesis. The later adlay was harvested, the heavier volume weight was. Yield was the highest at 60 days after anthesis. When utilizing self-feeding combine harvester with four rows, which was originally designed for rice harvest, suitable harvesting time was 60 days after anthesis. Therefore, theoretically suitable harvest time was 68 days after anthesis.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.875-883
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• 2022

This study was to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of leaf and stem of Artemisia annua L. extract by hot water and 70% ethanol. The total polyphenol content was significantly higher in the 70% ethanol extract of Artemisia annua L. than in the hot water extract, but there was no significant difference in the total flavonoid content between the hot water extract and the 70% ethanol extract. The DPPH radical and ABTS radical scavenging ability was the highest in the vitamin C treatment group at the concentration of 62.5~500 ㎍/mL, followed by the 70% ethanol extract and the hot water extract. As a result of measuring the NO production inhibitory effect at 125 ~ 500 ㎍/mL, the hot water extract showed strong NO production inhibition at the concentration of 500 ㎍/mL, and showed the inhibition of NO production with concentration-dependent pattern. In addition to inhibitory activity of NP production, the 70% ethanol extract also showed an inhibitory effect on inflammatory cytokines production. It is thought that it can be widely used in the treatment and improvement of inflammatory diseases because it shows antioxidant effects and significantly reduces the expression of inflammatory cytokines.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.143-150
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• 2003

Korea has plentiful precipitation but rainfall events concentrate on several months of rainy season in her weather condition. Korea, therefore, experiences drought for a given period every year. Moreover the soil has usually low water holding capacity, as it is composed coarse particles originated from the granite. Response of several oaks and the Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora) on water stress showed that water budget was significant factor determining vegetation distribution. In addition, dehydration level due to cold resistance mechanism of several evergreen plants during the winter season was closely related to their distribution in natural condition. Experimental result under water stress showed that the Korean red pine was very tolerant to desiccation but the seedlings showed high mortality during the dry season. The mortality tended to proportionate to soil moisture content of each site. A comparison between soil moisture content during June when it is severe dry season and moisture content of the culture soil when the pine seedlings reached the permanent wilting point due to water withheld proved that high mortality during the dry season was due to water deficit. Water potential of sample plants measured during the exposure experiment to the air pollutant showed a probability that water related factors would dominate the occurrence of visible damage and the tolerance level of sample plants. In both field survey and laboratory experiment, plants exposed to air pollution showed more rapid transpiration than those grown in the unpolluted condition. The result would due to injury of leaf surface by air pollutants. Aluminum (Al/sup 3+/) increased in the acid soil not only inhibits root growth but also leads to abnormal distribution of root system and thereby caused water stress. The water stresses due to air pollution and soil acidification showed a possibility that they play dominating roles in inducing forest decline additionally to the existing water deficit due to weather and soil conditions in Korea. Sludge, which can contribute to improve field capacity, as it is almost composed of organic matter, showed an effect ameliorating the retarded growth of plant in the acidified soil. The effect was not less than that of dolomite known in widely as such a soil ameliorator. Litter extract contributed also to mitigate the water stress due to toxic Al/sup 3+/. We prepared a model showing the potential interaction of multiple stresses, which can cause forest decline in Korea by synthesizing those results. Furthermore, we suggested restoration plans, which can mitigate such forest decline in terms of soil amelioration and vegetation restoration.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 2019

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of chlorine water and plasma gas treatment on the quality and microbial control of Latuca indica L. baby Leaf during storage. Latuca indica L. baby leaves were harvested from a plant height of 10cm. They were sterilized with $100{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ chlorine water and plasma-gas (1, 3, and 6hours), and packaged with $1,300cc{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}day^{-1}{\cdot}atm^{-1}$ films and then stored at $8{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and RH $85{\pm}5%$ for 25days. During storage, the fresh weight loss of all treatments were less than 1.0%, and the carbon dioxide and oxygen concentrations in packages were 6-8% and 16-17%, respectively for all treatments in the final storage day. The concentration of ethylene in the packages fluctuated between $1-3{\mu}L{\cdot}L^{-1}$ during the storage and the highest concentration of ethylene was observed at 6 hours plasma treatment in the final storage day. The off-odor of all treatments were almost odorless, the treatments of chlorine water and 1 hour plasma maintained the marketable visual quality until the end of storage. Chlorophyll content and Hue angle value measured at the final storage day were similar to those measured before storage in chlorine water and 1 hour of plasma treatments. E. coli was not detected immediately after sterilization in all sterilization treatments. After 6 hours of plasma treatment, the total bacteria fungus counts were lower than the domestic microbial standard for agricultural product in all sterilization treatments. The total aerobic counts in the end storage day increased compared to before storage, whereas E. coli was not detected in all sterilization treatments. The sterilization effect against bacteria and fungi was the best in chlorine water treatment. Plasma treatment showed sterilization effects, but within a prolonged period of time. In addition, the sterilization effect decreased gradually. These results suggest that chlorine water and plasma treatment were effective in maintaining Latuca indica L. baby Leaf commerciality and controlling microorganisms during postharvest storage.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.477-486
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• 2013

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of lotus leaf extract on the physicochemical characteristics of ground pork stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 10 days. Four types of ground pork were evaluated: ice water added (T0), 3% lotus leaf extract added (T1), 7% lotus leaf extract added (T2), and 10% lotus leaf extract added (T3). The pH was increased during storage, but decreased after 10 days of storage (p<0.05). The TBARS increased with a longer storage period (p<0.05), and those of T0, T1, T2 and T3 were 0.777, 0.244, 0.185, 0.182 mg MA/kg, respectively, after 10 days of storage. The VBN content of T0 and T1 increased with a longer storage period (p<0.05), but those of T2 and T3 were not significantly changed. In the case of surface color, the $L^*$ increased with a longer storage period, and that of T0 was the highest (p<0.05). The $a^*$ decreased with a longer storage period, and the $b^*$ was the highest after 1 day of storage (p<0.05). In the case of internal color, $L^*$ was not significantly changed, and $a^*$ was decreased with a longer storage period (p<0.05). The $b^*$ increased with a longer storage period (p<0.05). Water holding capacity increased with a longer storage period, and those of T2 and T3 were the highest (p<0.05). Cooking loss decreased with a longer storage period, and those of T0 and T1 were higher than those of T2 and T3 (p<0.05). Hardness and chewiness were not significantly different with a longer storage period, or among any samples.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.851-859
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of addition of lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) leaf and root extracts on the quality and sensory characteristics of ground pork meat. Four types of ground pork were evaluated: 5% ice water added (T0), 5% lotus leaf extract added (T1), 2.5% lotus leaf extract and 2.5% root extract added (T2), and 5% lotus root extract added (T3). There were no significant differences in moisture, protein, fat, ash, cooking yield, moisture retention, water holding capacity, reduction in diameter, a-value (redness), b-value (yellowness), VBN content (volatile basic nitrogen), hardness, springiness, cohesiveness or chewiness. The fat retention was highest in T0 (p<0.05). The L-values (lightness) of T2 and T3 were higher than those of T0 and T1 (p<0.05). The pH was lowest in T1 (p<0.05). The TBARS (2-thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) values of T0, T1, T2, and T3 were 0.47, 0.17, 0.21, and 0.32 mgMA/kg, respectively, with that of T1 being significantly lower than those of the other samples (p<0.05). The contents of free amino acids related to sweet taste was 642.5 ppm for T1, which was highest among the samples (p<0.05). The flavor was highest in T1 (p<0.05). These results suggest that lotus leaf extracts improved the lipid oxidation and flavor of ground pork meat.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.291-296
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• 1986

A pot experiment was conducted to find out the effects of water management and application of slaked lime and wollastonite on Pb uptake of rice in a Pb added soil. The soil was adjusted to 0, 150, 300 and 600 ppm of Pb concentration. The slake lime was applied at the equivalent amount of lime requirement with 150kg/10a adding and the wollastonite, 200kg/10a, respectively. The results obtained were as follows. 1. The lead contents in leaf stem and brown rice increased with increasing the soil Pb content and the ratio of Pb/(Ca+Mg) equivalent in soil but they showed no influence on yields. 2. The application of lime and wollastonite reduced Pb content in plant. 3. The lead content in plant was higher in intermittently irrigated treatment than in submersed irrigation. 4. The soil pH was increased in the order of lime, wollastonite and control. 5. $1N-NH_4$ OAC soluble Pb content in soil was higher in the submersed irrigation than in the intermittently irrigated and was higher in wollastonite application treatment than the slaked lime after harvesting.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.125-132
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• 2008

This study investigated the cremical components of 1he s1aks anI leaves of Sasa borealis Makino, and the antioxidative activities, nitrite scavenging levels, and antimicrobial activities of extracts of the stalks and leaves. The moisture contents of stalks and leaves were 59.87%(w/w) and 28.79%(w/w), the crude protein levels 2.09%(w/w) and 6.33%(w/w), the crude fat concentrations 1.21%(w/w) and 3.43%(w/w), and the ash levels 0.99%(w/w) and 3.76%(w/w), respectively. The major mineral components were K, Na, Mg and Mn; and the K contents of stalks and leaves were the highest amongst the minerals tested, at 350.27 mg% and 639.60 mg%, respectively. The principal organic acids of stalks and leaves were acetic acid, citric acid and succinic acid, and the organic acid content of leaves was higher than that of stalks. The antioxidative activity of stalk extracts was higher than that of leaves, and the antioxidative activities of ethanol extracts were higher than those of hot water extracts. The 0.5%(v/v) ethanol stalk extracts showed stronger antioxidative effects than did the 0.02%(w/v) butylated hydroxyanisole. All extracts showed nitrite scavenging activities, and hot water extracts from stalk showed the highest activities. Hot water extracts showed antimicrobial activities against all bacterial strains tested, and ethanol extracts from leaf showed strong antimicrobial activities against most bacteria, except Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella typhymurium. The antimicrobial activities of most stalk and leaf extracts were higher than those obtained using 1.0%(w/v) sorbic acid.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.310-317
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• 2022

BACKGROUND: The salt in soil interrupts crop growth. Therefore, water resources are used to remove any salt found in the soil. However, water resources have been reduced by global warming; thus, a new study is required into reducing the salt in soil. Recently, the bottom ash (BA) of a biomass power plant was found to be similar to biochar. Hence, it can be used to remove heavy metals and wastewater through the adsorption characteristics of BA. The objective of this study was to evaluate the improvement effects on crop growth in saline soil containing the BA from biomass power plants. METHODS AND RESULTS: The effect on crop growth in the saline soil supplemented with BA was studied with the crop-planted pots, which were packed by reclaimed greenhouse soils collected from Byolyang, Suncheon. The BA application level was 25, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg/10a (referred as BA25, BA50, BA100, BA200, and BA400, respectively). The BA increased the fresh weights of the leaf and root, while nitrogen uptake increased by approximately 24-102% and 54-77%, respectively for the lead and root. The phosphorous uptake increased by 38%, although only in the leaf of the lettuce. In the case of soil, BA increased water content, pH, EC, CEC, and NH₄⁺ and the SAR of the soil decreased by 5-15%. The bottom ash increased the contents of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, and fixed the amount of Na⁺. CONCLUSION(S): It was confirmed the bottom ash of a biomass power plant, based on wood pellets, improved crop growth, and increased the nutrient uptake of crops in saline soil. In addition, bottom ash, which has a wide range of porosity and high values of pH and EC, improved properties of the saline soil. However, the BA has a large amount of B, As, and heavy metals. Finally, it may require a study on the safety and contamination of heavy metals contained in the bottom ash, which would be applied in soil for a long time.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1997

The present study was conducted to know the growth and yield of in response to the drought stress at the different soybean growth stage. Drought stress was given to the soybean plants on early vegetative growth at fourth-node stage(FNS), mid-growth at beginning pod stage(BPS) and late growth at beginning seed stage(BSS) for 30 days, which are high availability in soil water stress on climate condition of Korea. Dry weight was decreased severely by water stress at FNS, and BPS and BSS has no difference compared to control. Chlorophyll content of leaf severely decreased at the end of water stress of FNS and BPS, but was recovered at the harvest stage. Drought-stressed root distributed mainly near the soil surface and number and dry weight of root nodule were decreased severely by drought stress at BPS. Number of pod, seed weight and yield were decreased by drought stress and showed the highest yield loss at BPS.