• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.351-358
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• 1995

Since summer growth depression of forage crops limits hay production in Korea, it is important to exploit natural resources which are suitable as forage. In the preliminary experiment it was found that Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. might be utilized as soiling and hay crop. Effects of seed stratificaion, planting date and number of harvestings on fresh and dry yields of Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. were investigated in 1993 and 1994. Stratification of seed promoted emergence, while seed age decreased emergence. Although fresh yield was closely related with number of plants estabilished per unit area, effect of number of plants per unit area on yield was less at the later stage of growth. Higher cutting height decreased fresh and dry yield at th early stage, but final yields were not influenced by cutting height. Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. could be harvested 3~4 times beginning 40~50 days after planting and fresh and dry yields were 9~10 tons /10a and 1.4~1.8 tons /10a, respectively. Fresh and dry yields were significantly influenced by growth duration or accumulated temperature between cuttings. Leaf blade ratio was higher at earlier planting and / or harvesting. Contens of crude protein, crude fat and crude ash were 16.32, 24.01 and 11.59%, respectively.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.263-269
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• 1997

To cope with increasing importance of water stress in food crop production, some physiological characteristics, their cultivar-differences and grain yield of winter barley cultivars in response to water stress during reproductive stages were studied employing three covered-barley cultivars, Milyang 12, Durubori, and Olbori, one naked-barley cultivar, Baegdong, and one two-row malting-barley cultivar, Hyangmaeg. The barley grown in pot-soil was conditioned for 10 days under water stress, varying the time of water stress : 20 days before heading, 10 days before heading and the time of heading. The decrease in growth due to water stress varied greatly with the cultivars and time of water stress. The greatest injury occurred when water stress was imposed for 10 days from 10 days before heading : the culm length of water-stressed plants have shown reduced by 85∼98％ of the non-stressed; the number of spikes per plant by 52∼83%; the number of grains per spike by 71∼86%; 1,000-grain weight by 80∼84%; yield per pot by 60∼94%. The number of spikes per plant as one of yield components was most sensitively affected. As a whole, the drought resistance of cultivars was high in the order of Olbori> Milyang 12 and Durubori> Hyangmaeg>Baegdong. On rewatering the plants after termination of the water stress treatment the recovery rate of free proline content and relative turgidity of flag leaf were higher in 3 covered-barley cultivars, and lower in cultivars Baegdong and Hyangmaeg.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.423-432
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• 2022

The mass-rearing system for Neodryinus typhlocybae as a biological control agent of Metcalfa pruinosa was established. Depending on the density of host nymphs and plants, the average number of cocoons produced by the parasitoids was 5-8 and 70-150 cocoons per leaf and sapling of mulberry, respectively. There is a significant difference in cocoon length between females (6.10-6.46mm) and males (4.20-4.62mm). Sex determination of cocoons before emergence will be helpful for efficiently releasing this parasitoid in fields. The parasitic rate of N. typhlocybae at the semi-field condition was on average 13-17%. The release number of this parasitoid did not affect parasitism. Nevertheless, the population growth rate of M. pruinosa was reduced by increasing the release number of N. typhlocybae. The parasitoid offspring's sex and bivoltine were influenced by the host age. On young host nymphs, the bivoltine portion of parasitoid increased. When parasitized on 4^th or 5^th nymphs, the offspring's female ratio of N. typhlocybae increased. This result may be useful for potentially controlling mass rearing production of parasitoid.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 2018

This study was carried out to investigate the applicability of alternating temperature control during night time in a nursery seedling production. Three groups of samples were exposed to three different environmental conditions for 6 days from 18:00 to 09:00; one was constantly 15 ℃, another was alternating between 15 ℃ for 2 hours and 11 ℃ for 2 hours, and the other was alternating between 15 ℃ for 2 hours and 11 ℃ for 4 hours. Leaf temperature and stem temperature was measured in real time. The influence of cold stress was analyzed by flavonoid content and growth of tomato seedling. The temperature of leaves and stem became equal to the ambient temperature over time, furthermore, there was no significant difference among the treatments. In conclusion, it is considered that heating costs can be saved considerably, as the alternating temperature has fewer effects on cold stress reaction by tomato seedling growth.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2016

Drought tolerant species from 26 Korean native plants were selected using different physiological indicators. Arundinella hirta, Solanum carolinense and Carpesium divaricatum were withered after 8days of the stopping of irrigation. Plants except Kummerowia striata, Lespedeza cuneata and Ulmus parvifolia were withered in over 80% at 9-10days of the irrigation stopping. K. striata was withered after 10days, and L. cuneata and U. parvifolia were withered in over 90% after 11days of the stopping of irrigation. As stopping experiment of irrigation, A. hirta, S. carolinense, C. divaricatum, K. striata, L. cuneata and U. parvifolia were proved to be drought tolerant species. Among those plant species, transpiration rate of Cassia mimosoides var. nomame Makino was high as 0.042ml/㎠·4hr. However, unit transpiration rate of U. parvifolia and L. cuneata were 0.005 and 0.010ml/㎠·4hr, respectively. In testing of physiological indicators, leaf area and transpiration rate were different among plant species. Unit transpiration rate of U. parvifolia was lower compared with other plant species. L. cuneata, U. parvifolia, Kummerowia striata, Arundinella hirta and C. divaricatum were high in relative water content and low in relative water loss. As this results, L. cuneata and U. parvifolia. were identified as drought tolerant species.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.21-29
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• 2023

Background : The purpose of this study was to investigate the anti-inflammatory properties of stems and leaves of Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. (ES) from Gangwon-do. Methods and Results : Stems and leaves of ES were collected from two areas in Gangwon-do: Cheorwon-gun and Samcheok-si. Samples were extracted with water by using the pressurized liquid extraction method and with 70% prethanol A by using the heat reflux extraction method. The anti-inflammatory effects of ES were evaluated through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide(MTT), lactate dehydrogenase(LDH) assay, nitric oxide(NO) assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA), and Western blot analysis in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). 1) Results showed that ES leaf extractions were not cytotoxic at a concentration of up to 30 ㎍/㎖. The leaves of 70% prethanol A extractions of ES(30 ㎍/㎖) inhibited NO, interleukin-6(IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) production and decreased the protein level of cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2). There was no significant change in the protein level of inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS). The stem extractions of ES did not exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. Conclusions : In this study, the leaves of 70% prethanol A extractions of ES demonstrated anti-inflammatory effect on RAW 264.7 macrophages. The 70% prethanol A extractions have a relatively higher anti-inflammatory effect on RAW 264.7 macrophages than water extractions.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.1-14
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• 2023

Soybeans are one of the world's top five staple crops and a major source of plant-based protein. Due to their susceptibility to climate change, which can significantly impact grain production, the National Agricultural Science Institute is conducting research on crop phenotypes through growth analysis of various soybean varieties. While the process of capturing growth progression photos of soybeans is automated, the verification, recording, and analysis of growth stages are currently done manually. In this paper, we designed and trained a YOLOv5s model to detect soybean leaf objects from image data of soybean plants and a Convolution Neural Network (CNN) model to judgement the unfolding status of the detected soybean leaves. We combined these two models and implemented an algorithm that distinguishes layers based on the coordinates of detected soybean leaves. As a result, we developed a program that takes time-series data of soybeans as input and performs growth analysis. The program can accurately determine the growth stages of soybeans up to the second or third compound leaves.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.1225-1235
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• 2024

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of feeding fermented cassava leaf meal (FCLM) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat sensory evaluation of broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 160 Cobb-500 chickens were used during the phases of growing (21 days of age; initial weight 0.39±0.025 kg/bird) and finishing (35 days of age; initial weight 1.023±0.164 kg/bird). The whole experiment lasted for four weeks. The FCLM was included in starter and finishing diets at 0, 50, 100, and 150 g/kg inclusion levels. Total feed intake (TFI), weight gain (WG), feed conversion ratio, and nutrient digestibility were recorded. Sensory evaluation of breast meat was used to determine the eating quality of the meat prepared using roasting and boiling methods. Results: The TFI and WG decreased (p<0.05) with increasing inclusion levels of FCLM in the diets of growing chickens. Crude protein digestibility for chickens fed 0 and 50 g/kg FCLM was higher (p<0.05) than for chickens subjected to a diet with 150 g/kg FCLM. During the finishing phase, TFI increased linearly (p<0.05) with increasing inclusion level of FCLM in chicken diets, while WG decreased (p<0.05) with inclusion level of FCLM. Treatment diets had no effect (p>0.05) on the eating qualities of breast meat. However, juiciness was significant (p<0.05) for the cooking method and treatment interaction. At 50 g/kg inclusion level, boiled meat had a higher (p<0.05) juiciness score than roasted meat. Tenderness, on the other hand, was significant (p<0.05) for the interaction of gender and treatment. Females considered the boiled meat to be more tender than the males at 150 g/kg inclusion level. Using principal component analysis, a positive correlation was observed between teeth adhesion and fibrousness, flavour and juiciness, and springiness and tenderness. Conclusion: From the study, it can be concluded that FCLM can be used as an ingredient in the diets of broiler chickens. Inclusion level of 50 g/kg can be used in chicken diets during the growing phase, whereas in the finishing phase, inclusion level of 150 g/kg FCLM can be used. The FCLM did not affect the eating quality of breast meat.

• Conservation Science in Museum
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• v.31
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• pp.1-20
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• 2024

The "Buseoksa Temple Gwaebul" (1684, K969) in the possession of the National Museum of Korea is a large Buddhist hanging scroll produced for outdoor rituals (gwaebul) at the eponymous temple. The painting demonstrates the most complex composition among the existing Buddhist hanging scrolls as it depicts the Shakyamuni Buddha in the lower middle, surrounded by the Vairocana Buddha, Medicine Buddha, and Amitabha Buddha. This study examines the characteristics of the background fabric and the production methods of the scroll from Buseoksa Temple and explores the characteristics of the coloring techniques by integrating the results of a non-destructive analysis to determine the materials used for coloring. The gwaebul comprises a total of 13 panels, with 11 panels arranged side by side and one panel each added to the top and bottom. The background fabric of the painting consist of semi-transparent silk tabby for the nine panels in the center, and silk tabby for the four panels surrounding the four sides. The coloring materials used to paint the scroll were analyzed using X-ray fluorescence, and were confirmed to be inorganic pigments of red, yellow, green, blue, and white. For some parts painted in yellow and blue, the colors were expressed by first applying light white pigment before adding organic pigments. In addition, ink was used for the black lines and gold leaf was used for the patterns of the Buddhist robes. X-ray irradiation enabled the determination of the location and technique of coloring according to each pigment color by highlighting the difference in brightness depending on the main component and the thickness of each pigment.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.351-356
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• 2009

Growth, milled rice yield and edible quality of rice in naturally reseeded Chinese milk vetch(CMV)-rice cropping system was compared with those in rice mono cropping on silty loam soil in Milyang from 2006-2008. Practicing natural reseeding technology recorded high CMV reseeding stand ranging from 565-805 plants $m^{-2}$ and resulting in the production of 13.0-17.0 kg N/10a from the CMV plant biomass which is greater than the recommendation rate of 9 kgN/10a. The plant height of rice plant grown in natural reseeding field is shorter at tillering stage but it was similar to the rice mono cropping at later stage. Dry matter production had similar trend to plant height. On the other hand, the leaf color in naturally reseeded CMV-rice cropping system was similar to the rice mono cropping up to panicle heading stage but it was high at mature stage, indicating that the nitrogen was provided by the CMV decomposition until later stage of rice. The yield components such as culm number $m^{-2}$ was greater and 1,000-brown rice weight was heavier than those of rice mono cropping but the ripened grain ratio was lower in naturally reseeded CMV-rice cropping system. Milled rice yield of naturally reseeded CMV-rice cropping system was similar to that of rice mono cropping. However, head rice percentage of milled rice was lower due to low ripened grain ratio. This result indicates that natural CMV reseeding technology can completely replace chemical fertilizer in CMV-rice cropping system.