• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 1985

Leaf architectural studies have been made in 15 genera and 25 species belonging to 6 tribes of the Asteraceae. Major venation pattern conforms to pinnate craspedodromous (simple and semi), pinnate camptodromous with festooned brochidodromous secondaries, acrodromous and actinodromous. Qualitative leaf features and numerical data regarding the venation pattern are charted. Areoles of different sizes and shapes are observed. Tracheids occur either solitary or in groups. Grouped tracheids are either uniseriate, biseriate or multiseriate. Isolated free vein endings are observed in Centratherum phyllolaenum. Bundle sheath is prominent in Xanthium strumarium. Secretory cavities are observed in the lamina of Tricholepis amplexicaulis.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.82 no.3
• /
• pp.260-270
• /
• 1993

This study was carried out to clarifyed a taxonomical relationships of Rutaceae on the subfamily, genus and species level in Korea using venation pattern and stomata types. The results are summarized as follows : The leaf venation of the Rutaceae has revealed three major venation types. Semicraspedodromous, Brochidodromous and Cladodromous. The leaf ufmations type of the genus Evodia and Phellodendron were similar to Cladodromous type. They showed gradual evolution from brochidodromous type of Aurantioideae to cladodromous type of Toddaloideae. The stomata ypes were reconized Anomocytic and Actinocytic type, and epidermal cells were Ansio. Polygonal and Medium type. In the correlation analysis, there were highly significant correlation between frequency and length (r=-0.822), frequency and width (r=-0.780), and length and width(r=0.909) at 1% level.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.235-244
• /
• 2015

This study proposes a leaf modeling method that uses feature-based warping for efficient generation of various digital leaves. The proposed method uses warping method, one of image processing application techniques that can control various shapes of leaves in an easy, intuitive way, and generate natural patterns of veins efficiently. First, information on approximated contour is detected from a leaf blade image to identify the shape of a blade. Based on this, control line is automatically calculated to be used for feature-based warping. Then, control line-based warping is conducted to modify forms of leaf blade images in an intuitive way, automatically generating leaves of various shapes. And natural vein patterns are generated by applying a contour-based venation growth algorithm from contour information of the modified leaf blade images. This study performs experiments to verify whether various shape of leaves that comprise plants can be efficiently generated using a sample binary image of a blade. Also, we demonstrate that express the natural growth of leaves by applying warping to the growth of the leaf blade.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.97-106
• /
• 2014

This study proposes an efficient method to model various and diverse leaves required to express digital plants such as flowers and trees in virtual landscape easily and intuitively. The proposed procedural method divides a leaf mainly into a blade and vein thereby detecting contours from binary images that correspond to blades and generating leaves by modeling leaf veins procedurally based on the detected contours. First of all, a complicated leaf vein structure is divided into main veins, lateral veins, and tertiary vein while all veins grow procedurally directing from start auxin to destination auxin. Here, to calculate destination auxin required for growth automatically, approximated contours from binary images that correspond to blades are found thereby calculating candidate destination auxin. Finally, natural digital leaves are generated by applying a color combination method. Through the proposed method, natural and various leaves can be generated and whether the proposed method is efficient or not is verified through the experiment.

• Journal of Plant Biology
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.51-68
• /
• 1988

To clarity the species of genus Melandrium (Caryophyllaceae) in Korea, the taxonomic characters were described and interspecific relationships were discussed to the extemal morphology with light and scanning electron microscopy. The position and size of appendages on petal, the shape and venation pattern of leaf, and the external morphology of seed and pollen were approved as the good characters to classify genus Melandrium in Korea. As the result, genus Melandrium in Korea could be arranged as 6 species, 1 variety, 1 forma. M. umbellatum was exclusively distributed in north Korea, and its taxonomic treatment was reserved.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Graphics Society
• /
• v.21 no.5
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2015

This study proposes a method of developing authoring tool that can easily and intuitively generate diverse digital leaves that compose virtual landscape. The main system of the proposed authoring tool consists of deformation method for the contour of leaf blade based on image warping, procedural modeling of leaf vein and visualization method based on mathematical model that expresses the color and brightness of leaves. First, the proposed authoring tool receives leaf input image and searches for contour information on the leaf blades. It then designs leaf blade deformation method that can generate diverse shapes of leaf blades in an intuitive structure using feature-based image warping. Based on the computed leaf blade contour, the system implements the generalized procedural modeling method suitable for the authoring tool that generates natural vein patterns appropriate for the leaf blade shape. Finally, the system applies visualization function that can express color and brightness of leaves and their changes over time using a mathematical model based on convolution sums of divisor functions. This paper provides texture support function so that the digital leaves that were generated using the proposed authoring tool can be used in a variety of three-dimensional digital contents field.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.84 no.2
• /
• pp.151-165
• /
• 1995

This study was conducted to establish a systematized taxonomic problems of through the leaf morphological characters and leaf venation patterns, and stomatal cell patterns and cell characteristics of abaxial and adaxial surface of the leaflets by SEM, of 6 native species in Korea and 2 foreign species of the Genus Rhus in the Family Anacardiaceae. The results obtained from this study are summarized as followings: 1. Morphological study measured 32 characters of leaves from herbarium specimen and field-collected samples for each species. The results of cluster analysis based on the Euclidean distance showed that the species could be classified into 3 groups: R. sylvestris. R. typhina, R. succedanea: R. trichocarpa. R. chinensis. R. verniciflua: and R. ambigua. R. radicans subsp. orientale, Analysis of principal components showed 5 groups: The major factors in the first principal component group was length of petiole of the terminal leaflets, that in the second group angle of left side in the terminal leaflet bash, that in the third group area ratio between first and terminal leaflets, that in the forth group angle ratio between right and left side in the terminal leaflet base, and that in the fifth group was angle of main and secondary vein at midrib of terminal leaflet. Cumulative contribution by the first, second and third principal component group was explained with 82.6%, a large percent of all information. 2. The leaf venation pattern investigated using soft X-ray photography revealed clado-and reticulo-camptodromous types according to branching angle of the secondary vein. And three groups by the developing degree of secondary vein were R. trichocarpa, R. ambigua. R. chinensis, R. typhina; R. radicans subsp. onentale, R. succedanea, R. verniciflua: and R. sylvestris. Classification key for the Rhus of Korean-native Anacardiaceae was made by the venation pattern and devevoping degree of the secondary vein. 3. The stomatal cell patterns were greatly classified into paracytic and anomocytic types, specific among species according to stomatal and subsidiary cell patterns, and various differences among the species was determined. Microstructure of the adaxial and abaxial surfaces could be divided into synclinal and anticlinal cell wall patterns, and were specific-species. Stomatal cells of R. chinensis were surrounded with characterized villus-like cells.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.35 no.4
• /
• pp.287-294
• /
• 2005

Three unrecorded fern species from the flora of Korea, Nephrolepis cordifolia, Athyrium epirhachis, and Asplenium castaneo-viride, are reported here. Nephrolepis cordifolia, recognized as introduced species and cultivation in Korea until now, is found in the wild at the entrance of small cave in Jeju island. Athyrium epirhachis is found under the Quercus acuta forest at about 400 - 500 m alt. in Jeju island. This species is similar to A. otophorum but different from the latter by having once pinnately divided leaf blade and the decurrent base of ultimate segment. Asplenium castaneo-viride is hybrid between A. ruprechtii and A. incisum and is distinguished from parental species by presence of proliferation, shape of leaf blade, pattern of venation, and leaf texture.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.54-60
• /
• 2019

Plant tissue culture techniques offer quick methods of regeneration of plants of medicinal importance but the survival chances of such plants are always questionable when shifted to the in vivo conditions. The present study enumerates the micromorphological developments in the leaves of in vitro regenerated and field transferred plantlets of Oldenlandia umbellata. The leaves developed in vitro after $4^{th}$ subcultures of multiplication phase and after 6 weeks of field transferred plants were used. Statistically significant differences in the number of stomata, veins, raphides, crystals and trichome density per square mm were observed. The improvements in stomatal apparatus and density (decreased from 41.85 to 32.20), developments in leaf architectural parameters and emergence of defense mechanism through increased numbers of raphides (8 to 15), crystals and trichomes (13.5 to 18.2) proved acclimation of tissue culture raised plantlets from in vitro to the in vivo environments lead to 100 % success in field establishment of the plantlets. The in vitro induced foliar abnormalities (changes in stomata, venation pattern, vein density, trichomes, crystals etc.) were repaired while hardening of plantlets in the greenhouse and finally in the field. The observed micromorphological response of leaves under altered environmental conditions could help in determination of proper stage of field transfer and prediction of survival percentage of in vitro regenerated O. umbellata plantlets.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
• /
• v.82 no.4
• /
• pp.431-440
• /
• 1993

This study was carried out to clarify a taxonomical relationships of the Korean Theaceae using characters from morphological, anatomical, electrophoretic and numerical methods. The results are summarized as follows ; Morphological data were cluster analysis by Euclidean distance, the complete and average linkage cluster were most distinctly classified into subfamily level. At the principal components analysis(PCA), the commutative contribution rate of three principal components showed to 91.1% total variance. By the leaf venation were classified semicraspedromous type of Theoideae and brochidodromous type of Ternstroemioideae. The stomatal types were classified Paracytic of Theoideae and Anomocytic type of Ternstroemioideae ; the former has founded subsideary cell the latter has not found. All taxa possessed common isozyme bands did not found out of Theaceae banding patterns. But, the activity of Theoideae were existed in below No.5(Rf. 4.0-4.4), in contrast to Ternstroemioideae were existed in more than No.7(Rf. 5.7-6.2). The cluster analysis of leaf characters and peroxidase isozymes were similarity between two methods.