Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.7583/JKGS.2014.14.5.97

Contour-based Procedural Modeling of Leaf Venation Patterns  

Kim, Jin-Mo (Dept. of Software, Catholic University of Pusan)
Abstract
This study proposes an efficient method to model various and diverse leaves required to express digital plants such as flowers and trees in virtual landscape easily and intuitively. The proposed procedural method divides a leaf mainly into a blade and vein thereby detecting contours from binary images that correspond to blades and generating leaves by modeling leaf veins procedurally based on the detected contours. First of all, a complicated leaf vein structure is divided into main veins, lateral veins, and tertiary vein while all veins grow procedurally directing from start auxin to destination auxin. Here, to calculate destination auxin required for growth automatically, approximated contours from binary images that correspond to blades are found thereby calculating candidate destination auxin. Finally, natural digital leaves are generated by applying a color combination method. Through the proposed method, natural and various leaves can be generated and whether the proposed method is efficient or not is verified through the experiment.
Keywords
Procedural Modeling of Leaf; Leaf Venation Pattern; Contour; Leaf Growth;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 1  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 X. Wang, L. Li and W. Chai, "Geometric modeling of broad-leaf plants leaf based on B-spline", Mathematical and Computer Modelling, Vol. 58, No. 34, pp.564-572, 2013.   DOI
2 P. Prusinkiewicz, L. Mündermann, R. Karwowski and B. Lane, "The use of positional information in the modeling of plants", In Proc. of the 28th Annual Conference on Computer Graphics and Interactive Techniques, pp.289-300, 2001.
3 F. Boudon, C. Pradal, T. Cokelaer, P. Prusinkiewicz and C. Godin, "L-py: an l-system simulation framework for modeling plant development based on a dynamic language", Frontiers in Plant Science, Vol. 3, No. 76, pp.1-20, 2012.
4 A. Peyrat, O. Terraz, S. Merillou and E. Galin, "Generating vast varieties of realistic leaves with parametric 2gmap l-systems", Vis. Comput., Vol. 24, No. 7, pp.807-816, 2008.   DOI
5 L. Mundermann, P. MacMurchy, J. Pivovarov and P. Prusinkiewicz. "Modeling lobed leaves". In Computer Graphics International, 2003. pp.60-65, 2003.
6 T.T. Lin Y.T. Chi and C.F. Chien. "Leaf shape modeling and analysis using geometric descriptors derived from bezier curves". Transactions of the ASABE, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp.175-185, 2003.
7 W. T. Reeves and R. Blau, "Approximate and probabilistic algorithms for shading and rendering structured particle systems", SIGGRAPH Comput. Graph., Vol. 19, No. 3, pp.313-322, 1985.   DOI
8 H. Xiao and X. Chen, "Modeling and simulation of curled dry leaves", Soft Matter, Vol. 7, pp.10794-10802, 2011.   DOI
9 T. Ijiri, M. Yokoo, S. Kawabata and T. Igarashi, "Surface-based growth simulation for opening flowers", In Proc. of Graphics Interface 2008, pp.227-234, 2008.
10 S. Jeong, S. Park and C. Kim. "Simulation of morphology changes in drying leaves". Computer Graphics Forum, Vol. 32, No. 1, pp.204-215, 2013.   DOI
11 J. Kim, D. Kim and H. Cho, "Tree Growth Model Design for Realistic Game Landscape Production", Journal of Korea Game Society, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp.49-58, 2012.   과학기술학회마을   DOI
12 Jung-Kyu Joo, "Model of Game Environment Design for Adanced Game Background Graphic and Map Design", Journal of Korea Game Society, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp.77-84, 2004.   과학기술학회마을
13 J. Kim, D. Kim and H. Cho. "Procedural modeling of trees based on convolution sums of divisor functions for real-time virtual ecosystems". Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, Vol. 24, No. 3-4, pp.237-246, 2013.   DOI
14 W. Jin, W. Gu and Z. Zhang. "An improved method for modeling of leaf venation patterns". In Image and Signal Processing, 2009. CISP '09. 2nd International Congress on, pp.1-5, 2009.
15 J. Kim and H. Cho, "Efficient modeling of numerous trees by introducing growth volume for real-time virtual ecosystems", Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, Vol. 23, No. 3-4, pp.155-165, 2012.   DOI   ScienceOn
16 A. Runions, M. Fuhrer, B. Lane, P. Federl, A. G. Rolland-Lagan and P. Prusinkiewicz, "Modeling and visualization of leaf venation patterns", ACM Trans. Graph., Vol. 23, No. 3, pp.702-711, 2005.
17 S. Hong, B. Simpson and G. V. G. Baranoski, "Interactive venation-based leaf shape modeling", Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, Vol. 16, No. 3-4, pp.415-427, 2005.   DOI