• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.24-48
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• 2003

It is important how the leader leads the organizational members with leadership appropriate to environment changes as the leader has great influence on the management of hospital organization. These data were collected from the questionnaire surveyed, from February 14 through February 28, 2003, to 218 people among those in the field of doctorship, management administration, nursing, technology, medical engineering, management engineering, and general affairs, working for three hospitals under S medical foundation in Pusan. The principal findings of this research are as below : 1. Type of leadership and job satisfaction had positive correlation in terms of both transformational and transactional leadership, with former having more relation than the latter. 2. Type of leadership and organizational commitment had positive correlation in terms of intellectual stimulus and situational rewards, having little relation statistically. 3. Type of leadership and turnover intentions had negative correlation only in individual consideration, situational rewards, and exceptional management, showing that transactional leadership had more relation than transformational leadership. 4. In terms of leadership and its effect on the organizational performance and turnover intentions, transformational leadership had more correlation than transactional leadership. But transactional leadership also turned out to have effect on organizational performance. When transformational leadership used, turnover intentions were lower than when transactional leadership used. However, both transformational and transactional leadership had negative correlation to turnover intentions. 5. Effect that type of leadership according to job classification, status, age, and academic career has on organizational performance and turnover intentions was differed by those factors; especially, in the occupation of doctor, both transformational and transactional leadership had positive correlation to turnover intentions. 6. Regression analysis on the factors of organizational performance and turnover intentions showed that higher age had positive correlation to the organizational performance in terms of socio-demographical features and that the more leadership was used for charismatic and situational rewards and the less leadership was used for intellectual stimuli, the higher organizational performance was likely. In short, hospital operators and managers should examine each manager's qualification, type, and style of leadership in the hospital organization, and they must develop lasting programs for effective education and training for developing characteristics of leadership are in needed to have managers with appropriate managerial mind to respective post and status. It should be kept in mind that manager's leadership especially has great effect on members' goal-setting, goal-achievement, organizational performance, and turnover intentions as it is a decisive factor of organizational members' attitude and motivation.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.67-78
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• 2021

This study is an analysis of the life of Max Planck (1858-1947), the in view of engineering literacy education. Some expressions describing Planck include "the father of German science", "the namer of Quantum". Furthermore, he is the scientist who permanently engraved his name in a scientific invariant called the Planck Constant. Planck had already made remarkable scientific achievements in his mid-ages, which became the springboard of quantum mechanics, but he went on to achieve much more in his old age. Between 1910s and 1930s, he was the director of the Kaiser-Wilhelm Gesellschaft, the Berlin Academy, and the German Physics Society, which is the German core research group. In the 1910s, he endured the terrible personal suffering of losing his three children and then succeeded in rebuilding German science in the 1920s in his golden age of 70s. His achievement was great not only as a scientist but also as a science administrator. His life was contradictory in several ways. While fundamentally being a conservative, he initiated a great scientific revolution. While making efforts to preserve traditional values, he was in the center of great many upheavals and destruction. While being the incarnation of honesty, he was also given to extremely delicate political positions. In his long career, Planck lived with all his might as a leader of the German science organizations and permanently left his name on the institute representing Germany. Planck succeeded in his work for the institutional development of science, philosophical understanding of science, and as a role model of exemplary scientist. His long life was accompanied by both achievements and failures, intangible and difficult to judge. Today, as research and development management and scientific leadership have become increasingly important, Planck's life may be a good example of engineering literacy education.

• 한국인구학
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.55-84
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• 2011

이 연구는 사회정체성 개념을 이론적 자원으로 활용하여 사회성원들이 직업 관련 정체성들을 인식하는 방식에서 나타나는 세대별 특성을 비교, 분석함으로써 사회적인 합의와 균열의 지점들을 살펴보았다. 사회정체성의 세 차원인 평가성, 권력성, 활동성을 살펴본 결과, 직업 관련 정체성에 있어서는 세대 차이보다는 합의가 우세하였다. 총 44개 정체성 중 세대차가 유의미한 것은 장관, 국회의원, 비행기 조종사, 농부의 평가성과, 대기업 사장, 교수, 의사, 간호사, 연예인, 무당, 실업자의 권력성뿐이다. 지도자 및 전문직에서는 평가성과 권력성 모두에서 50대가 다양한 정체성들을 일관되게 높이 평가한 반면, 30대는 부정적 태도를 견지했으며, 20대와 40대는 다분히 중간적인 입장을 보였다. 권력성에서는 2, 30대와 4, 50대로 나뉘어 젊은 세대가 이 범주 정체성들의 권력을 상대적으로 낮게 평가하는 경향이 관찰된다. 일반 직군의 경우에도 2, 30대의 평가 점수가 다소 낮은데 그 정도는 평가성에서 더욱 뚜렷하다. 종교와 관련해서는 2, 30대가 스님에 대해, 4, 50대가 목사에 대해 호의적이다. 지도자 및 전문직에 대한 세대별 태도를 분석해본 결과, 이 정체성들의 평가성과 권력성 모두를 높게 인정하는 50대에 비해 40대, 30대, 20대로 오면서 평균값의 하락과 분포의 집중 경향이 심화된다. 30대는 평가성 차원에서, 20대는 권력성 차원에서 이 범주에 대한 비판적인 태도를 보여준다.

• 복식
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2004

As Confucian ideology dominated all over the society, the androcentric patriarchical society in the last of Chosun Dynasty produced the unequal power relationship between man and woman. It was traditional hostesses(kisaengs) who uniquely had an occupation among the women in this society. In modern society. they are reinterpreted as 'fashion leaders' or 'professional career women with expert knowledge and it caused a lot of the studies of them to be in a progression vigorously. Therefore this paper studied on the influence of the traditional hostesses(kisaengs) -who were educated and permitted in ther social activity formally in a Confuanism-governed society which forbided a woman to participate in a social activity and which did not gave ladies any formal education. The general hostess in the beginning time of the Chosun Dynasty imitated the hair shape of women in the yangban family which formed the highest class in the Chosun Dyansty and it reflected their aspiration for the highest social class. Howerver, coming into the last age of the chosun dynasty, a reverse phenomenon -that women in the yangban family imitated the general hostesses' hairstyle -occured due to the spread of a genre painting ＆ the concubine system. The general hostesses were educated systematically and did social activity and influenced hair shapes as they were independent economically and their influence in the part of hairstyle appeared as great and high EONJIN MEURI and as one-sided EONJIN MEURI. Regarding-as the result of this study on the influence of the traditional hostess's hair shapes on the ladies hair shapes in the last of Chosun Dynasty -that the traditional hostesse of the last age of chosun dynasty played a role as a fashion leader of the ladies at the same age. the general hostesses in Chosun Dynasty should be revaluated... And the study of ladies which were hidden behind the scenes of Confuanism should be made much more.

• 한국의사학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.13-25
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• 2023

Due to Japanese imperialism's invasion of Korea and the policy of exterminating national culture, many independence activists from Korean medicine participated in the Manchurian Independence Army activities and the fight for freedom. Kang Woo-kyu, who threw a bomb at the governor-General of Korea on September 2, 1919, can be cited as a leader who learned East Asian medicine. Kim Kwanje, who organized a secret organization by opening an East Asian medicine clinic in Gimhae, Gyeongsangnam-do, was involved in the struggle of the medical corps while working as a medical student. He is accused of providing a shelter by treating members of the Uiryeoldan. In 1919, the Manchurian Independence Army unit, which launched the March 1st Movement armed struggle, was established, and those who served as military doctors in various organizations can be found. Park Se-jung, who participated as an independent soldier at the age of 47, treated wounded soldiers and patients as a military doctor. A branch office was also created by raising military funds and participating in the Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea. Jang Hyong was able to raise independent military funds, campaign for the provisional government's independence petition, and lecture across the country mostly disguised as an East Asian medicine doctor, which led to several imprisonments for "fraud charges under the guise of similar medical practices".

• 동양고전연구
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• 제62호
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• pp.145-176
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• 2016

본고는 개인의 덕성(德性)과 사회적 덕행(德行)의 보편적 가치와 규범이 제시되어 있는 유가(儒家) 경전(經典)을 토대로 군자(君子)다운 지도자상은 어떠한 것인가를 파악하는 작업이다. 따라서 인간다움을 참다운 것으로 삼고, 인간관계의 사회성을 제대로 실천하는 유덕자(有德者)의 가치관에 대하여 논의하고 있다. 군자상의 진면목은 조화의 균형 감각이 있고 자기 수양에 엄격하며 인간관계의 상생적 가치를 창출하는 등 진선미가 삼위일체로 융합되는 '성기성물(成己成物)'의 참된 인물상(人物像)이라는 점을 찾아보고자 한다. 유가(儒家)에서 말하는 성인(聖人), 현인(賢人), 대인(大人), 군자(君子) 등은 인간세상을 이끌어가는 사회지도자를 의미한다. 그들은 무엇보다도 인간다운 도리를 지키며 사회풍토를 아름답게 교화하고 정신과 물질(物質)의 조화(調和) 인격(人格)과 능력(能力) 경제(經濟)와 도덕(道德)을 겸비한 인물로 지목(指目)하고 있다. 현대 사회인들은 순수한 지성(知性)문화의 가치보다는 물질적 가치의 선호도(選好度)에 따라 개인적인 성장(成長)을 꾀하고, 시각적으로 보여 지는 외형적인 무한경쟁(無限競爭)에 편중되어 있다. 오늘날 디지털 시대에 자신의 개성을 연출하는 것은 부정할 수는 없지만, 외모(外貌)에 집착(執着)하여 지나친 다이어트로 건강미를 상실하고, 그로 인(因)한 정신적 스트레스는 외모 집착과 외모중시의 병적인 폐단을 불러일으키고 있다. 이러한 현상을 극복(克復)하기 위해 절실하게 요청되는 대안으로 내적 소양과 외적 전문성을 고루 겸비한 온전한 인격체, 즉 이른바 "문질(文質)이 빈빈(彬彬)"한 진선미(眞善美)의 융합적 지도자상이 필요하다고 하겠다. 유교사상은 수기치인(修己治人)의 도(道)를 현실에서 실천하는 것이다. 수기는 개인적으로는 덕성적 능력을 계발하여 도덕적 인격을 함양하는 것이며, 치인은 사회적으로는 함께 일하는 올바른 인간관계를 갖도록 소통(疏通)하는 것이다. 이 때문에 leader 또는 지도자는 자신뿐만 아니라 타인까지도 감화시킬 수 있어야 한다. 수기치인은 '스스로의 덕성을 가다듬어 다른 사람들을 이끈다.'는 의미이다. 참다운 지도자는 수기(修己)를 통해 자기성찰과 자기정립을 한 다음에 치인(治人) 또는 남들과 함께 살아가는 안인(安人)의 경지에 서게 되는 것이다. 모든 물건에는 값어치가 있고 나름대로의 德이 있듯이. 인간 역시 인격과 덕성(德性)을 갖추고자, 배우고 익혀 자신만의 전문성 신뢰성 그리고 인격과 능력을 겸비하여, 자신만의 브랜드(Brand)가치를 창출해 내고자 한다. 개인의 인격(人格)은 높은 지위나 재력 권력에서 나오는 것이 아니다. 인격이란 개인의 덕성으로서 자기수양을 통하여 마음에 조금도 티가 없는 상쾌함으로, 굳이 한자로 표현하자면 맑고 깨끗한 '소쇄(瀟灑)'에 부합된다고 할 수 있다. 즉 인간이 天性으로 품부 받은 덕성인 지(知) 인(仁) 용(勇)을 겸비한 지극히 인간다움의 인격(人格)을 지닌 지도자상으로 군자상(君子像)을 제시한다. 자아개발은 self leader, 즉 수기(修己)를 통하여 덕성수양과 자아경영의 힘을 기르게 된다. 관계영역의 leader(治人)는 자신(自身)의 덕성(德性)을 덕행(德行)으로 미루어 가는 즉 남의 입장에서 생각하는 역지사지(易地思之)의 마음으로 확대(擴大) 시킬 수 있다. 이처럼 자신의 마음을 미루어 남을 생각하는 리더십을 "대학(大學)"에서는 "혈구지도(?矩之道)"라고 한다. 논자의 견해는, 인격미(人格美)는 지(知) 인(仁) 용(勇)'으로 덕성(德性)의 씨앗을 일구고 상생미(相生美)는 '서(恕)'로써 타인(他人)에게 행동으로 보여주는 덕행의 마땅한 올바름을 구현하며 조화미(調和美)는 '혈구지도(?矩之道)'로써 남을 나처럼 아끼고 사랑하여 나와 같은 마음 즉 보편적 원리인 덕화(德和)를 구현할 수 있다고 여긴다. 이처럼, 지도자상의 자질은 자신의 소양과 남을 배려하는 마음이 총체적으로 잘 조화를 이룰 때 지도자가 지니고 있는 능력을 무한히 발휘하며, 많은 사람들과 공생(共生) 공존(共存)하며 서로 승승적(乘勝的)관계로 거듭 성장해 나갈 수 있는 것이다.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.149-171
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• 2006

This is a pilot study on rural women's psychological trap to define some obstacles to self directed learning. During few decades, according to major crop of each farm household has shifted from rice to other crops like as vegetables, fruits, horticultures, livestock, etc., women's role or labor sharing of women in farming has been also increased. Although women are important human resources, till now, there is no a research or an approach to rural woman on the view of individual human being. Therefore this study will contribute to understand woman's behavior or attitudes based on psychological description at each person's experiences. For this study, the data was collected from 23 women leaders who participated in a training course in 2005, through the scale of Jeffrey E. Young & Janet S. Klosko which was developed to improvement of one's repetitious behavior based on cognitive psychological care. It was categorized into 11types of psychological trap of one person, named as follows; (1) trap of being deserted by someone (2) trap of disbelief and being ill-treated (3) trap of weakness (4) trap of dependence (5) trap of emotional deprivation (6) trap of feelings of alienation among society (7) trap of deficiency (8) trap of anxiety to failure (9) trap of subordination (10) trap of the merciless standard by self-estimation (11) trap of the sense of privilege. From the data, the average age of subjects was 52.8years old, and the educational back of subjects was higher than general rural women. In both of the trap of weakness and the trap of the merciless standard by self-estimation, the ratio of over and 4 point score of 6 points was 71.4% and 76.2%. It means most of subjects have experienced fear of unexpected calamity(trap of weakness), and mental press hard for efforts to meet one's ideal standard(trap of the merciless standard by self-estimation). Especially the trap of the merciless standard by self-estimation may have relation with rural women's over burden from farming and local society activities.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.224-230
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• 2006

Up to now, there have been rare clinical studies on leaders and aerobics athletes. To get the useful data for protecting from auditory disorder, we selected 15 female aerobics leaders (experimental group) and 15 females (control group) unexperienced in aerobics and a without neurological and octolaryngological disorder. The average age was $34.87{\pm}8.80$ (experimental group) and $34.07{\pm}8.45$ (control group) years, and the average career of an aerobics leader (experimental group) was $8.33{\pm}4.73$ years. We measured the auditory evoked potential (AEP) of the two groups treated with 70, 75 and 85 dB intensity from January 2006 to May 2006 and analyzed the absolute latency (AL) and interpeak latency (IPL) by the SPSS/pc+ 12.0 program. In the comparison of the AL between the experimental group and the control group according to intensity, both ears treated with 70 and 75 dB had a significant difference (p<0.05) in the I, III, V wave and in the I, V wave respectively, and the experimental group treated with 85 dB showed a difference in the I, III, V wave (left ear) and in the I wave (right ear) respectively. The IPL of the two groups treated with various intensities had no prolongation. In the comparison of the AL between the experimental group and the control group according to ages, the experimental group in their 20s treated with 70 dB showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in the V wave (left ear) and in the I, III, V wave (right ear), and the experimental group in their 20s treated with 75 dB in the I, III wave (left ear) and in I, III, V wave (right ear), and experimental group in their 20s treated with 85 dB in the V wave (left ear) and in the III, V wave (right ear). The experimental group in their 30s treated with 70 dB had a significant difference (p<0.05) only in the V wave (right ear). Only in the IPL of subjects in their 20s treated with 85 dB, III-V and I-V of both ears was extended. In the comparison of the AL and IPL according to career, there was no significant difference between the two groups. From this results, we concluded that the lower sound intensity (70 dB) showed a more significant difference in the experimental group than the control group. We concluded that the leader of aerobics exposed to louder sounds than normal people are affected by auditory neurological and octolaryngological disorders. So we think that the leaders of aerobics need to control the noise level for protecting themselves against a disease.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.55-72
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is for consideration of the flapper fashion (1924-1928) in Jazz Age (1919-1929) of America and the influences of it on modern fashion. This study is started from the latest fashion trend which is pursuing it's inspiration into the Jazz Age, the 20s. The etimology of 'flapper' was based on mines is 'flap' such as 'flutter of skirt hemline', 'hands', 'arms', 'wings' and a slang which was applied to young women from 1830. In 20th century it has meant not only new American women but also their fashion and attitude. The designs of flapper fashion were expressed by simplicity, functionality, nudity and rhythm. Simplicity was the best value of this time and the simple image was considered the smartest. Functionality was represented by straight boyish style and loose baggy silhouette that was related to free dome. Nudity was expressed by revealing of legs, arms, backs in shapes and see-through by materials. It was related to sexual attraction and point to youth. Rhythm of flapper fashion expressed optical effect of movement. Using of light material was deep related to freedom of flappers, speed, rhythmical Jazz and dancing. The influences of flapper fashion were giving an opportunity that changed fashion leader from high class to young popular group and simple design of flapper fashion effected to modernization and popularization of American apparel business. And it influenced American casual fashion which was known as brightness, youth and openhearted mood. So flapper fashion can be reganded as the starting point of the street fashion of the 20th century.

• 복식
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• 제54권7호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2004

Wiener Werkstaette(workshop) established in 1903 was an artistic handicraft working group, the central figure of which was an architecture, J. Hoffman. Especially its textile design part established in 1910 produced good results. The textile design part of Wiener Werkstaette took total artwork (Gesamtkunstwerke), which Pursued artistic work in all visual parts of life, as a central concept of their work and tried to insert the artistic creativity into the textile design. Regarding the influence relationship between Wiener Werkstaette textile design and formative art, it was influenced by the geometric tendency of C.R. Mackintosh and the style and motive of Japanese art. From 1910's, bright, vivid and cheerful designs were mass-produced by uniquely using various motives, techniques and colors. The formative significance of Wiener Werkstaette textile design are as follows. Firstly, the pattern includes both rational and sensual elements. Secondly, the aesthetic patterns of Wiener Werkstaette include formative elements anticipating the modernism. The leading artistic sense like this played role of catalyzer through which the golden age of artistic decoration, art deco, came. The significance of the textile was made aware through clothes design . The clothes design made with Wiener Werkstaette textile conveyed message as art to everyone and provided the elite of society supporting them with Proud that they are fashion leader ahead of times and have artistic sense. Wiener Werkstaette textile design like this played big role as an instrument for realizing the total artwork by attaining the new artistic formative fruits.