• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.95-102
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• 2008

This paper proposes an adaptive speech enhancement system based on an auditory system to enhance speech that is degraded by various background noises. As such, the proposed system detects voiced and unvoiced sections, adaptively adjusts the coefficients for both the lateral inhibition and the amplitude component according to the detected sections for each input fame, then reduces the noise signal using a time-delay neural network. Based on measuring the signal-to-noise ratio, experiments confirm that the proposed system is effective for speech degraded by various noises.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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• v.42 no.5 s.305
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• pp.165-172
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• 2005

In speech recognition under a noisy environment, it is necessary to construct a system which reduces the noise and enhances the speech. Then it is effective to imitate the human auditory system which has an excellent analytical spectrum mechanism for speech enhancement. Accordingly, this paper proposes an adaptive method using the auditory mechanism which is called lateral inhibition. This method first estimates the noise intensity by neural network, then adaptively adjusts both the coefficients of the lateral inhibition and the adjusting coefficient of amplitude component according to the noise intensity for each input frame. It is confirmed that the proposed method is effective for speech degraded by white noise, colored noise, and road noise based on the spectral distortion measurement.

• BMB Reports
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• v.55 no.12
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• pp.621-626
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• 2022

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease characterized by the degeneration of motor neurons in the spinal cord. Main symptoms are manifested as weakness, muscle loss, and muscle atrophy. Some studies have reported that alterations in sphingolipid metabolism may be intimately related to neurodegenerative diseases, including ALS. Acid sphingomyelinase (ASM), a sphingolipid-metabolizing enzyme, is considered an important mediator of neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we show that ASM activity increases in samples from patients with ALS and in a mouse model. Moreover, genetic inhibition of ASM improves motor function impairment and spinal neuronal loss in an ALS mouse model. Therefore, these results suggest the role of ASM as a potentially effective target and ASM inhibition may be a possible therapeutic approach for ALS.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.125-138
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• 2024

Purpose: The aim of this study was to apply suboccipital muscle inhibition combined with neck muscle stabilization exercise to 20~30s IT industry employees who suffer from chronic non-specific neck pain. Methods: This study was designed as single-blind and randomized controlled trial. The study participants were 20~30s IT industry employees with chonic non-specific neck pain (VAS 3/10) who were divided into an experimental group (n= 20) subjected to suboccipital muscle inhibition with neck muscle stabilization exercise, and control group (n= 20); suboccipital muscle inhibition only. The intervention was applied three times per week for eight weeks. The neck pain·pressure pain threshold·range of motion, and disability index were measured at the 1st, 8th, and 10th week at follow up, then analyzed with an analysis of variance(ANOVA) using the SPSS program. Results: The total number of study participants was 37 (experimental group 19, mean age 34.6±5.3, control group 18, mean age 35.7±4.9). The comparison and analysis of change in VAS, the pressure pain threshold, and the range of motion except the extension (p>.05) revealed a statistically significant decrease between groups over eight weeks and follow up measurement (p<.01). Regarding the within the group differences, the right side of the neck pressure pain threshold showed a statistically significant decrease over eight weeks in the control group (p<.01). The right and left lateral flexion, and the right and left rotation were statistically significant for the experimental group over eight weeks and follow up measurement, but only the left lateral flexion (p<.05) for the control group over eight weeks. The neck disability index showed a slight decrease but this was not satistically significant for the between-grop or the within-group differences (p>.05). Conclusion: The intervention of suboccipital muscle inhibition and a neck muscle stabilization exercise are more beneficial for neck pain and the range of motion than the application of suboccipital muscle inhibition alone.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.8-14
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• 2002

Spray of maleic hydrazide (MH) was confirmed to be highly effective on the inhibition of lateral shoot growth regardless of grape cultivars and application concentration examined in this experiment. The optimal spray times were 30 days aft er full bloom in 'Kyoho' and 35 days in 'Campbell Early'. However, the optimum season of application should be adjusted depending on the vine vigor. The apical buds of lateral shoot was significantly affected at the concentration of $3,900mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ resulting in the death and/or abscission. Thus the optimal concentration of MH seemed to be $1,950mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. The inhibition effect by MH application was derive d from the decrease of node number and length. No adverse effect on fruit quality was found by MH application. In contrast, there was a tendency of anthocyanin in crease in 'Campbell Early' grapes. Results indicated that MH could be an effective agent to reduce the labor charge through the inhibition of later shoot growth.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2007

This study was carried out to identify the treatment methods for the inhibition of lateral roots and promotion of hypocotyl enlargement using plant growth regulators for the production of high quality soybean sprouts. Inhibition of lateral root formation was not significant from the $CA_3$ and NAA treatments. From the treatment of BAP, lateral roots were not occurred at all, and hypocotyl enlargement was promoted at the low concentration of $10\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}\;and\;15\;mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$. Promotion of hypocotyl enlargement was higher as the BAP treatment time was shorter. The optimum time of BAP treatment was 6 hours. Occurrence ratio of lateral roots were low and hypocotyl enlargement was promoted from water supply every 24 hours after BAP treatment. In the indole B treatment, lateral roots occurrence was very low with the concentration of 1.1%, which is much lower than the optimum concentration of 4.2%.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 1992

The effect of various supplies of lead singly and in combination with aluminium on growth and chlorophyll biosynthesis was investigated in 7-day-old Vigna anguluris seedlings. Expose to 50 $\mu$N Pb or more drastically reduced root elongation rate. Significant depressions in root growth was observed within 1 day and no recovery of growth was seen over the duration of treatment period. Root elongation decreased depending on the Pb concentrations. Root growth inhibition was stronger than shoot growth inhibition. The initiation of lateral roots appeared to be more sensitive to Pb than the growth of main roots. Inhibition of root and shoot elongation by Pb was lessened by combined exposure of Pb and Al, suggesting that the presence of AA reverse the inhibitory effect of Pb alone. With the histochemical sodium rhodizonate method the rate of Pb uptake was dependent on the Pb concentration and exposure time of the roots to Pb salts. Pb was first deposited on the root surface and then translocated radially in the root cap cells. During a longer Pb administration (up to 72 h) Pb penetration was nonuniform, with accumulation within the cortex or endodermis. There was drastic reduction in chlorophyll content by Pb. The Pb inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis was concentration dependent. 5-Aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity exhibited distinct inhibition from control. Reduction in chlorophyll content was accompanied by proportional changes in ALAD activity. Chlorophyll content and ALAD activity were less affected by combined exposure of Pb and Al, suggesting that Al has a protective effect against the inhibiting action of Pb on photosynthetic activity.

• Environmental Sciences Bulletin of The Korean Environmental Sciences Society
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.145-155
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• 1997

The effect of various supplies of lead singly and in combination with aluminium on growth and chlorophyll biosynthesis was investigated in 7-day-old Vigna angularis seedlings. Expose to 50 uM Pb or more drastically reduced root elongation rate. Significant depressions in root growth was observed within 1 day and no recovery of growth was seen over the duration of treatment period. Root elongation decreased depending on the Pb concentrations. Root growth inhibition was stronger than shoot growth inhibition. The initiation of lateral roots appeared to be more sensitive to Pb than the growth of main roots. Inhibition of root and shoot elongation by Pb was lessened by combined exposure of Pb and Al, suggesting that the presence of Al reverse the inhibitory effect of Pb alone. With the histochemical sodium rhodizonate method the rate of Pb uptake was dependent on the Pb concentration and exposure time of the roots to Pb salts. Pb was first deposited on the root surface and then translocated radially in the root cap cells. During a longer Pb administration (up to 72 h) Pb penetration was nonuniform, with accumulation within the cortex or endodermis. There was drastic reduction in chlorophyll content by Pb. The Pb inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis was concentration dependent. $\delta-Aminolevulinic$ acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity exhibited distinct inhibition from control. Reduction in chlorophyll content was accompanied by proportional changes in ALAD activity. Chlorophyll content and ALAD activity were less affected by combined exposure of Pb and Al, suggesting that Al has a protective effect against the inhibiting action of Pb on photosynthetic activity.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.10-13
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• 1990

Effect of an acidic polysaccharide fraction In Korean white and red ginseng on lipolytic action of Toxohormone-L was studied. Crude acidic polysaccharide fraction was extracted from main and lateral root of Korean white and red ginseng separately and purified several times. Inhibitory effect of crude polysaccharide fraction was determined by unit (1 unit is loft inhibition rate per Is sample). Yields of purified crude polysaccharide fraction of main and lateral root of red ginseng were 2.9 and 2.2 times higher than those of white ginseng, respectively. Inhibitory effects of main root of white and red ginseng, 11.hen final reaction concentrations of sample were 50, 100, 200, 500 $\mu$g/ml, were 37.2가 and 23.7% higher than those of lateral root of white and red ginseng. Inhibitory effect of main root of red ginseng was 2.3 times higher than that of white ginseng.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.280-290
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• 2017

Several lines of evidence suggest that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) is known to regulate the ER stress signaling pathway, but its role in neuronal systems in terms of ER stress remains largely unknown. Here, we showed that rotenone-induced toxicity in human neuroblastoma cell lines and mouse primary cortical neurons was ameliorated by PTP1B inhibition. Moreover, the increase in the level of ER stress markers ($eIF2{\alpha}$ phosphorylation and PERK phosphorylation) induced by rotenone treatment was obviously suppressed by concomitant PTP1B inhibition. However, the rotenone-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was not affected by PTP1B inhibition, suggesting that the neuroprotective effect of the PTP1B inhibitor is not associated with ROS production. Moreover, we found that MG132-induced toxicity involving proteasome inhibition was also ameliorated by PTP1B inhibition in a human neuroblastoma cell line and mouse primary cortical neurons. Consistently, downregulation of the PTP1B homologue gene in Drosophila mitigated rotenone- and MG132-induced toxicity. Taken together, these findings indicate that PTP1B inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic approach for ER stress-mediated neurodegenerative diseases.