• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.23-28
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• 2010

본 연구는 철골 모멘트 골조의 이력거동을 잘 나타내는 강도한계 이선형 단자유도 시스템에 대하여 지반조건, 후탄성 기울기, 감쇠비, 항복강도 저감계수, 고유주기 등의 변화가 비탄성변위비에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. NEHRP의 기준에 따라 B(보통암지반), C(매우 조밀한 토사지반), D(단단한 토사지반)의 지반조건에 해당하는 총 240개의 지진 가속도에 대하여 비선형 시간이력 해석을 수행하였다. 본 연구에서는 비탄성 거동 하에서 P-$\Delta$ 효과를 반영할 수 있도록 음강성비를 -0.1 에서 -0.5까지 고려하였다. 비선형 회귀분석을 통하여 감쇠비 2%, 5%, 10%, 20%에 대한 강도한계 이선형 모델의 비탄성 변위비와 로그표준편차식을 제안하였다.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.741-777
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• 2016

A simplified approach of assessing torsionally balanced (TB) and torsionally unbalanced (TU) low-medium rise buildings of up to 30 m in height is presented in this paper for regions of low-to-moderate seismicity. The Generalised Force Method of Analysis for TB buildings which is illustrated in the early part of the paper involves calculation of the deflection profile of the building in a 2D analysis in order that a capacity diagram can be constructed to intercept with the acceleration-displacement response spectrum diagram representing seismic actions. This approach of calculation on the planar model of a building which involves applying lateral forces to the building (waiving away the need of a dynamic analysis and yet obtaining similar results) has been adapted for determining the deflection behaviour of a TU building in the later part of the paper. Another key original contribution to knowledge is taking into account the strong dependence of the torsional response behaviour of the building on the periodic properties of the applied excitations in relation to the natural periods of vibration of the building. Many of the trends presented are not reflected in provisions of major codes of practices for the seismic design of buildings. The deflection behaviour of the building in response to displacement controlled (DC) excitations is in stark contrast to behaviour in acceleration controlled (AC), or velocity controlled (VC), conditions, and is much easier to generalise. Although DC conditions are rare with buildings not exceeding 30 m in height displacement estimates based on such conditions can be taken as upper bound estimates in order that a conservative prediction of the displacement profile at the edge of a TU building can be obtained conveniently by the use of a constant amplification factor to scale results from planar analysis.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제65권3호
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• pp.303-314
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• 2018

Shear walls are a typical member under a complex stress state and have complicated mechanical properties and failure modes. The separated-elements model Genetic Evolutionary Structural Optimization (GESO), which is a combination of an elastic-plastic stress method and an optimization method, has been introduced in the literature for designing such members. Although the separated-elements model GESO method is well recognized due to its stability, feasibility, and economy, its adequacy has not been experimentally verified. This paper seeks to validate the adequacy of the separated-elements model GESO method against experimental data and demonstrate its feasibility and advantages over the traditional elastic stress method. Two types of reinforced concrete shear wall specimens, which had the location of an opening in the middle bottom and the center region, respectively, were utilized for this study. For each type, two specimens were designed using the separated-elements model GESO method and elastic stress method, respectively. All specimens were subjected to a constant vertical load and an incremental lateral load until failure. Test results indicated that the ultimate bearing capacity, failure modes, and main crack types of the shear walls designed using the two methods were similar, but the ductility indexes including the stiffness degradation, deformability, reinforcement yielding, and crack development of the specimens designed using the separated-elements model GESO method were superior to those using the elastic stress method. Additionally, the shear walls designed using the separated-elements model GESO method, had a reinforcement layout which could closely resist the actual critical stress, and thus a reduced amount of steel bars were required for such shear walls.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 춘계 학술발표회 제20권1호
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• pp.989-992
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 선일공업(주)의 축적된 기술력을 바탕으로 초고강도(150MPa급) 콘크리트를 당사 기술 연구소 신축시 노출콘크리트에 적용함으로써, 이에 대한 사례를 소개하고자 한다. 현장적용에 앞서 실내실험 및 레미콘 배치플랜트 실험(이하 B/P Test)을 통해 콘크리트의 기초물성(슬럼프플로우, 공기량, 50cm도달시간, 경시변화, 압축강도) 및 생산성을 평가하였으며, 다음으로 실구조물과 동일한 벽체두께 거푸집종류 노출콘크리트용 콘 등을 고려하여 제작한 모의부재를 대상으로 Mock-up Test를 실시하여 충진성, 표면마감성(육안관찰) 및 수화열을 평가하였다. 그 결과 슬럼프플로우, 공기량, 50cm도달시간, 경시변화 및 압축강도는 요구조건에 만족한 결과를 보였으며, 수화열 계측결과는 온도균열지수 0.78로 유해한 균열발생을 제한할 지수를 나타냈다. 현장타설시 초고강도 콘크리트의 높은 단위용적중량으로 인해 거푸집 터짐현상이 발생하였기 때문에, 재타설시에는 재발방지를 위해 거푸집을 보강하고 타설시간을 조정하였다. 또한 노출표면의 극대화를 위해 저주파(1차) 및 고주파(2차)로 2회에 걸쳐 진동다짐을 실시하였지만 표면곰보가 발생하였다. 따라서 향후 초고강도 콘크리트를 노출콘크리트에 적용할 경우, 다양한 변수조건에 대한 체계적인 시공관리계획 및 시공방법개선이 중요할 것으로 판단된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.691-702
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• 2018

This paper presents experimental and analytical results of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) confined steel tubular columns under transverse impact loads. Influences of applied impact energy, thickness of FRP jacket and impact position were discussed in detail, and then the impact responses of FRP confined steel tubes were compared with bare steel tubes. The test results revealed that the FRP jacket contributes to prevent outward buckling deformation of steel at the clamped end and inward buckling of steel at the impact position. For the given applied impact energy, specimens wrapped with one layer and three layers of FRP have the lower peak impact loads than those of the bare steel tubes, whereas specimens wrapped with five layers of FRP exhibit the higher peak impact loads. All the FRP confined steel tubular specimens displayed a longer duration time than the bare steel tubes under the same magnitude of impact energy, and the specimen wrapped with one layer of FRP had the longest duration time. In addition, increasing the applied impact energy leads to the increase of peak impact load and duration time, whereas increasing the distance of impact position from the clamped end results in the decrease of peak impact load and the increase of duration time. The dynamic analysis software Abaqus Explicit was used to simulate the mechanical behavior of FRP confined steel tubular columns, and the numerical results agreed well with the test data. Analytical solution for lateral displacement of an equivalent cantilever beam model subjected to impact load was derived out. Comparison of analytical and experimental results shows that the maximum displacement can be precisely predicted by the present theoretical model.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.211-217
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• 2020

Earthquake preparedness has become more important with recent increase in the number of earthquakes in Korea, but many existing structures are not prepared for earthquakes. There are various types of liquefaction prevention method that can be applied, such as compaction, replacement, dewatering, and inhibition of shear strain. However, most of the liquefaction prevention methods are applied before construction, and it is important to find optimal methods that can be applied to existing structures and that have few effects on the environment, such as noise, vibration, and changes in underground water level. The purpose of this study is to estimate the correlation between the displacement of a structure and variations of pore water pressure on the ground in accordance with the depth of the sheet file when liquidation occurs. To achieve this, a shaking table test was performed for Joo-Mun-Jin standard sand and an earth pressure, accelerometer, pore water pressure transducer, and LVDT were installed in both the non-liquefiable layer and the liquefiable layer to measure the subsidence and excess pore water pressure in accordance with the time of each embedded depth. Then the results were analyzed. A comparison of the pore water pressure in accordance with Hsp/Hsl was shown to prevent lateral water flow at 1, 0.85 and confirmed that the pore water pressure increased. In addition, the relationship between Hsp/Hsl and subsidence was expressed as a trend line to calculate the expected settlement rate formula for the embedded depth ratio.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.223-230
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• 2014

본 논문에서는 FSI해석을 이용하여 비정형 초고층 빌딩의 풍응답 특성을 연구하였다. 해석모델은 Twist모델이며, 뒤틀림 각도와 풍가속도의 상관관계에 대해 연구 중점을 두었다. 먼저 단방향 해석을 수행하여 100년 재현주기 풍속에 대한 최대 횡 변위를 구하고, 제한조건을 만족하는 탄성계수를 산출한다. 그리고 양방향 해석을 수행, 시간이력해석을 통해 산출된 탄성계수와 임의의 밀도를 가지는 풍가속도를 예측하게 된다. 정방형 모델은 높이 400m, 변장비 1:1, 세장비 8로 설정, 뒤틀림 모델은 0도에서 90도까지 15도 간격으로, 90도에서 360도까지 90도 간격으로 비틀어 회전시켰다. 형상에 따른 풍가속도 예측 결과, 정방형 모델이 뒤틀림 모델보다 크게 산출되어 풍진동 영향에 더 민감한 것을 검증하였다.

• 한국방재학회 논문집
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2011

최근 해상 연약지반 개량공법으로 저소음, 저진동으로 공해가 적고, 단시간에 큰 강도를 얻을 수 있는 심층혼합공법이 널리 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 심층혼합공법 중 하나인 DCM(Deep Cement Mixing) 공법에 대하여 다양한 점토-시멘트 배합비를 갖는 공시체를 제작하여 일축압축강도시험을 수행하고 그 결과를 이용하여 적절한 점토-시멘트 배합비를 제안하고자 하였으며, 원심모형시험을 이용하여 접원식 및 벽식 DCM 공법 적용 현장의 케이슨 구조물 안정성을 평가하였다. 일축압축 시험결과 DCM 공법의 최적 점토-시멘트 배합비는 28.5%로 나타났다. 또한 원심모형시험 결과 DCM 공법으로 처리된 지반위에 놓인 케이슨 구조물의 안정성을 확인하였으나, 벽식 DCM 공법이 접원식 DCM 공법에 비해 케이슨 구조물의 수평 변위에 대해서는 7%, 침하에 대해서는 39% 정도 지반개량효과가 다소 크게 나타났다.

• 자동차안전학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2021

In this study, improved path tracking control algorithm based on pure pursuit algorithm is newly proposed by using improved lane detection algorithm through real time post-processing with interpolation methodology. Since the original pure pursuit works well only at speeds below 20 km/h, the look-ahead distance is implemented as a sigmoid function to work well at an average speed of 45 km/h to improve tracking performance. In addition, a smoothing filter was added to reduce the steering angle vibration of the original algorithm, and the stability of the steering angle was improved. The post-processing algorithm presented has implemented more robust lane recognition system using real-time pre/post processing method with deep learning and estimated interpolation. Real time processing is more cost-effective than the method using lots of computing resources and building abundant datasets for improving the performance of deep learning networks. Therefore, this paper also presents improved lane detection performance by using the final results with naive computer vision codes and pre/post processing. Firstly, the pre-processing was newly designed for real-time processing and robust recognition performance of augmentation. Secondly, the post-processing was designed to detect lanes by receiving the segmentation results based on the estimated interpolation in consideration of the properties of the continuous lanes. Consequently, experimental results by utilizing driving guidance line information from processing parts show that the improved lane detection algorithm is effective to minimize the lateral offset error in the diverse maneuvering roads.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.199-213
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• 2022

The current study investigates the dynamic effects in the tornado-structure response of an aeroelastic self-supported lattice transmission tower model tested under laboratory simulated tornado-like vortices. The aeroelastic model is designed for a geometric scale of 1:65 and tested under scaled down tornadoes in the Wind Engineering, Energy and Environment (WindEEE) Research Institute. The simulated tornadoes have a similar length scale of 1:65 compared to the full-scale. An extensive experimental parametric study is conducted by offsetting the stationary tornado center with respect to the aeroelastic model. Such aeroelastic testing of a transmission tower under laboratory tornadoes is not reported in the literature. A multiaxial load cell is mounted underneath the base plate to measure the base shear forces and overturning moments applied to the model in three perpendicular directions. A three-axis accelerometer is mounted at the level of the second cross-arm to measure response accelerations to evaluate the natural frequencies through a free-vibration test. Radial, tangential, and axial velocity components of the tornado wind field are measured using cobra probes. Sensitivity analyses are conducted to assess the variation of the structural dynamic response associated with the location of the tornado relative to the lattice transmission tower. Three different layouts representing the change in the orientation of the tower model relative to the components of the tornado-induced loads are considered. The structural responses of the aeroelastic model in terms of base shear forces, overturning moments, and lateral accelerations are measured. The results are utilized to understand the dynamic response of self-supported transmission towers to the tornado-induced loads.