• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1997.10a
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• pp.636-639
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• 1997

In this paper, a dynamic control scheme is proposed which not only compensates for the lateral dynamics and longitudinal dynamics but also deal with the yaw motion dynamics. Using the dynamic control technique, adaptive and learning algorithm together, the proposed controller is not only robust to disturbance and parameter uncertainties but also can learn the inverse dynamics model in steady state. Based on the proposed dynamic control scheme, a dynamic vehicle simulator is contructed to design and test various control techniques for 4-wheel steering vehicles.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.335-340
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• 2013

Purpose: This study was performed to develop a lateral flow strip sensor for the detection of pathogenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 in various samples. Also, feasibility of using an image analysis method to improve the interpretation of the strip sensor was evaluated. Methods: The lateral flow strip sensor has been fabricated based on nitrocellulose lateral-flow membrane. Colloidal gold and E. coli O157:H7 antibodies were used as a tag and a receptor, respectively. Manually spotted E. coli O157:H7 antibody and anti-mouse antibody on nitrocellulose membrane were used as test and control dots, respectively. Feasibility of the lateral flow strip sensor to detect E. coli O157:H7 were evaluated with serially diluted E. coli O157:H7 cells in PBS or food samples. Test results of the lateral flow strip sensor were measured with an image analysis method. Results: The intensity of the test dot started to increase with higher concentration of the cells were introduced. The sensitivities of the sensor were both $10^4$ CFU/mL Escherichia coli O157:H7 spiked in PBS and in chicken meat extract, respectively. Conclusions: The lateral flow strip sensor and image analysis method could detect E. coli O157:H7 in 20 min, which is significantly quicker than conventional plate counting method.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.607-617
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the apical sealing ability of lateral condensation method, vertical condensation method, and MicroSeal obturation system. Sixty-four extracted anterior teeth were instrumented to #40 using Profile. Three groups of 20 teeth were obturated by lateral condensation technique, vertical condensation technique, and and MicroSeal obturation system. Control group were not obturated. Teeth were immersed in resorcinol-formaldehyde resin for 5 days at $4^{\circ}C$, and the resin was allowed to polymerize completely for 4 days at room temperature. Teeth were ground horizontally at 1,5mm(level 1), 2.5mm(level 2), and 3.5mm(level 3) from the anatomic apex and examined with a stereomicroscope at X40 magnification. The photographs were taken a at X40 magnification of the filling in each level and scanned. The leakage area, which was filled with the resin, was measured at each of the three levels. Each ratio of leakage was evaluated by calculating the ratio of thearea of the resin to the total area of the canal and was analyzed statistically. The results were as followed: 1. Vertical condensation group had significantly higher percentage of the area which was obturated by gutta percha than other two technique at each level. 2. At the level 1, there was the greatest leakage in the lateral condensation group, but there was no statistically significant(P>0.05) 3. At the level 2, there was the least leakage in the MicroSeal group, and the most leakage in the lateral condensation group. There was statistically significant difference between the MicroSeal group and the lateral condensation group(P<0.05). 4. At the level 3, there was least leakage in the vertical condensation group, and the most leakage in the lateral condensation group. There was statistically significant difference between the vertical condensation group and the lateral condensation group(P<0.05).

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.23-30
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• 2020

Laser Assisted Thermo-Compression Bonding (LATCB) has been proposed to improve the "chip tilt due to the difference in solder bump height" that occurs during the conventional semiconductor chip bonding process. The bonding module of the LATCB system has used a piezoelectric actuator to control the inclination of the compression jig on a micro scale, and the piezoelectric actuator has been directly coupled to the compression jig to minimize the assembly tolerance of the compression jig. However, this structure generates a lateral force in the piezoelectric actuator when the compression jig is tilted, and the stacked piezoelectric element vulnerable to the lateral force has a risk of failure. In this paper, the optimal design of the flexure hinge was performed to minimize the lateral force generated in the piezoelectric actuator when the compression jig is tilted by using the displacement difference of the piezoelectric actuator in the bonding module for LATCB. The design variables of the flexure hinge were defined as the hinge height, the minimum diameter, and the notch radius. And the effect of the change of each variable on the stress generated in the flexible hinge and the lateral force acting on the piezoelectric actuator was analyzed. Also, optimization was carried out using commercial structural analysis software. As a result, when the displacement difference between the piezoelectric actuators is the maximum (90um), the maximum stress generated in the flexible hinge is 11.5% of the elastic limit of the hinge material, and the lateral force acting on the piezoelectric actuator is less than 1N.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.10a
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• pp.815-820
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• 2011

The railway bridge of the domestic still has been used steel base such as sperical bearing and pot bearing widely. However, the bearing of steel series is occured corrosion frequently, reduced durability and raised maintenance cost excessively due to the nature of the material. If the elastomeric bearing which is widely used in highway bridge is applied to the railway bridge, it will be able to compensate this defect a lot. In order to apply to the railway bridge used for highway bridge, is needed the control of the bridge ends deflection, lateral displacement and negative reaction. Therefore, the elastomeric bearing can be applied to the railway bridge enough, if installed negative reaction key for control of the bridge ends deflection, improved shear wedge performance for control of the lateral force, adjust the thickness of the elastomeric pad for the minimize deflection, in addition, can be economic design of sub-structures due to damping effect.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.65-74
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• 2002

This paper examines the usefulness of a Brake Steer System (BSS), which uses differential brake forces for steering intervention in the context of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In order to help the car to turn, a yaw moment can be achieved by altering the left/right and front/rear brake distribution. This resulting yaw moment on the vehicle affects lateral position thereby providing a limited steering function. The steering function achieved through BSS can then be used to control lateral position in an unintended road departure system. A 8-DOF nonlinear vehicle model including STI tire model will be validated using the equations of motion of the vehicle. Then a controller will be developed. This controller, which will be a PID controller tuned by Ziegler-Nichols, will be designed to explore BSS feasibility by modifying the brake distribution through the control of the yaw rate of the vehicle.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1253-1263
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• 2002

The control system design and modeling of an unmanned vehicle by means of a new concept for better performance through a tole-operation system is suggested by sensor fusion. But, the control of a real vehicle is very difficult, because the system identification of the vehicle is hard to find the unknown factors and the disturbances of the experimental environment. For the longitudinal and lateral controls, the traction system and steering system models are set up and a tuning method to find the gain of the controller by experiments is presented. In this research, mechanical and electronic parts are implemented to operate the unmanned vehicle and data reconstruction method of information about the environment data coming from several sensors is presented by data plot for the vehicle navigation. This paper focuses on the integration of tole-operated unmanned vehicle. This vehicle mainly controlled lateral and longitudinal directions with actuators for controlling vehicle movement and sensors for the closed-loop controlled system.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.101.5-101
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• 2002

A vehicle simulator is made here to simulate the lateral control of vehicles. Dead-reckoning sensors which consist of gyroscopes and accelerometers are utilized for the positioning of it. A significant side-slip occurs when the developed vehicle is drove autonomously. To cope with the side-slip, the vehicle is steered to follow the reference yaw rate which is generated by the relationship between the target point and the position of vehicle. The experimental results show the good performances of lane tracking and the passenger comfort.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.499-502
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• 1989

This paper is concerned with the stability analysis and the design of an auto pilot using direct model reference adaptive control for BTT missile with unknown dynamics when subjected to the longitudinal and lateral gusts. A motion of BTT missile can be separated into the longtudinal and lateral motione. The proposed algorithm is introduced different leakage terms about each motion into adaptation so as to prevent drift of the adaptive gain and alleviate gust effects and cross-coupling. The algorithm is applied to the 6DOF motion of an EMRAAT missile.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07d
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• pp.2234-2236
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• 2001

This paper describes an implementation of a radiocontrolled airplane attitude control. To obtain the model of motion, stabilizing and control coefficients, we derive the related paramaters from aerodynamics, propulsion, gravity, wind correction and atmosphere. In this model, after separating longitudinal axis and lateral axis, we can get longitudinal axis model and lateral axis model by using actuator and dynamic characteristics of engine. From these two models, we experiment two divided parts-linear part, and nonlinear part.