• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.921-945
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• 2012

Conditional Logit (CL) model is widely used since its model estimation and interpretation of results of the model is relatively easy, on the other hand, it has the limit of preference heterogeneity of respondents being not fully considered. In this study we used the two models, Mixed Logit (ML) Model and Latent Class Model (LCM) to explain preference heterogeneity of respondents for protection for Boryeong Dam wetland. As a result of the examination for heterogeneity in Boryeong city and six metropolitan areas, we found there was significant difference between two regions. While there was explicit preference heterogeneity within respondents in Boryeong city, we found little heterogeneity within respondents in six metropolitan areas. Thus in the case of six metropolitan areas, CL model can be used for parameter estimation while in the case of Boryeong city, WTP estimates are based on parameter estimates from ML model to reflect the heterogeneity within respondents. Additionally, ML model with interaction and 2-class LCM for respondents in Boryeong city were used to explain the sources of the heterogeneity. The ML model with interaction has advantage of explaining individual unobserved heterogeneity. However The comarison between these two models reflects the fact that LCM provided added information that was not conveyed in the ML model with interaction. Thus, Preference heterogeneity within respondents in this study may be better explained by class level through LCM rather than indiviual level through ML model.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.357-366
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• 2013

This study investigates to explain preference heterogeneity of respondents for economic valuation in washland of Upo wetland using Mixed Logit Model and Latent Class Model. Mixed Logit Model showed respondent heterogeneity in the attributes of wetland area and funds as well as some alternatives violated IIA assumption. 2-class Latent Class Model for respondents were used to explain the sources of the heterogeneity. Class 1 respondents who are located relatively close to Upo wetland had more experience and knowledge of Upo wetland and better understood the information suggested in the questionnaire than class 2 respondents in mostly metropolitan area of Seoul, Incheon.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.17-31
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• 2015

Objectives: This paper aims to identify the health related behaviors patterns and its associated factors among marriage immigrant women in Korea, and discusses their application to health promotion strategies. Methods: The study participants were 7,591 immigrant wives in Gyeonggi province who participated in health examinations conducted by the Korea Association of Health Promotion in 2011-2013. The participants completed self-administered questionnaires on sociodemographics, psychological characteristics, health status and health care factors, and health related behaviors. Results: A 3-latent-class model of health behaviors was identified related to 'lack of physical activity', 'abnormal diet', and 'not experienced medical check-up': 'high risk class', 'middle risk class', and 'low risk class'. Most of the participants belong to 'middle risk class'. Country of origin, age, length of stay, number of children, work status, health insurance status, and unmet health care needs were associated with problematic health behaviors in middle risk health behavior class. Conclusions: Health promotion and intervention programs for marriage immigrant women and their family members need to consider the health behavior patterns of physical inactivity, abnormal diet and no medical check-up and develop multiple behavior intervention with pre-existing program modification.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.581-587
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• 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the change trajectory and latent class types of self-esteem in first to fourth grade elementary school students. For the purpose, the Korean Children's Panel data were analyzed using potential growth model and the growth mixture model. As the results, the linear change model was selected as the most appropriate model. The change trajectory was found to increase slightly as the grade increased. In addition, four latent class groups were derived through: 'high level-maintenance,' 'low level-increase,' 'high level-decrease,' and 'low level-maintenance.' Most children were in the 'high level-maintenance' group, followed by 'high level-decrease,' 'low level-increase,' and 'low level-maintenance' groups. Therefore, based on the results of the study, we suggest that educational institutions and local communities pay attention to trends in elementary school students' self-esteem and provide appropriate support for students in each class.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.721-732
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• 2018

Latent class analysis (LCA) is an important tool to explore unseen latent groups in multivariate categorical data. In practice, it is important to select a suitable set of variables because the inclusion of too many variables in the model makes the model complicated and reduces the accuracy of the parameter estimates. Dean and Raftery (Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics, 62, 11-35, 2010) proposed a headlong search algorithm based on Bayesian information criteria values to choose meaningful variables for LCA. In this paper, we propose a new variable selection procedure for LCA by utilizing posterior probabilities obtained from each fitted model. We propose a new statistic to measure the adequacy of LCA and develop a variable selection procedure. The effectiveness of the proposed method is also presented through some numerical studies.

• Survey Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.113-144
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• 2011

The purposes of the present study were (1) to identify the latent classes depending on youth employees' trajectories in job satisfaction and turnover intention and (2) to test the effects of person-job fit(major fit, education level fit, skill level fit) on job satisfaction and turnover intention using Youth Panel 2001. In order to estimate latent classes of job satisfaction and turnover intention changes simultaneously and study probabilities linking latent class membership in trajectory across the two variables, we applied dual trajectory model, an extension of semi-parametric group-based approach, Results showed that four latent classes were identified for job satisfaction, which were defined, based on the trajectory patterns, as increasing group, decreasing group, medium-level group, and high-level group. And, three latent classes estimated for turnover intention were defined as low-level group, maintaining group, and rapidly decreasing group. To test the effects of person-job fit variables, we added the variables as time-dependant variables to the unconditional latent class model. The effect of education level fit and skill level fit were found significant in the groups which are low in job satisfaction and have high in turnover intention. Findings from this study suggest the need to consider trajectory heterogeneity in the study of youth employees' job satisfaction and turnover intention to capture the dynamic dimension of overlap between the two constructs.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.44-57
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• 2019

It is crucial to understand how people make decisions on mode choice and to accurately predict their behaviors in transportation planning. One of avenues for advancing modeling is, in particular, taking into account for taste heterogeneity in modeling that can incorporate different decision-making processes across group. In this study, we hypothesize that how people make decisions on mode choice would differ by destination in that land use characteristics are heterogeneous by zone even if zones are all in the same area. To this end, we apply Latent Class Modeling (LCM) to commute trips in Seoul by using 2010 household travel diary survey, investigate types of latent classes with the aid of characteristics of destination, and analyze how those classes differently response to factors. The LCM identifies two classes: in the first one, modal split of auto and public transit (bus and metro) is almost half-and-half and the trip destinations are characterized by relatively more residence facilities and less business/commercial facilities; in the second one, public transit has a notably high share and trip destinations are characterized by relatively more business/commercial facilities. In addition, it turns out that demographic and socio-economic variables affect mode choice differently by class.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.837-849
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• 2019

Latent class models (LCM) are useful tools to draw hidden information from categorical data. This model can also be interpreted as a mixture model with multinomial component distributions. In some cases, however, an available dataset may contain both categorical and count or continuous data. For such cases, we can extend the LCM to a mixture model with both multinomial and other component distributions such as normal and Poisson distributions. In this paper, we consider a LCM for the data containing categorical and count data to analyze the Drug Review dataset which contains categorical responses and text review. From this data analysis, we show that we can obtain more specific hidden inforamtion than those from the LCM only with categorical responses.

• Asia Marketing Journal
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2006

A couple of previous studies have warned against the use of homogeneous choice models in assessing the effect of reference price since unaccounted for response heterogeneity may result in spurious reference price effects(Chang, Siddarth and Weinberg 1999; Bell and Lattin 2000). According to Meyer and Kahn(1991), not accounting for consideration set heterogeneity may also bias the effect parameters in the choice model. Therefore, failure to account for these two sources of bias, in fact, have cast doubt on the empirical support for reference price effects in general. In view of aforementioned potential sources of bias, the author investigates the robustness of loss aversion effect in the reference-dependent model after accounting for heterogeneity in response as well as consideration set. The proposed model defines individual household's consideration set based on the posterior distribution of preference obtained from the Empirical Bayes approach. In addition, the same posterior distribution is used to form household-specific reference prices. Response heterogeneity correction is carried out via the Latent Class approach. The proposed model outperforms the Reference-Dependent model that includes the reference price measure most often employed in the previous studies. This implies that as a way of simplifying decision task, consumers restrict their consideration set to a subset of available brands not only in making a brand choice but also in forming reference prices.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.303-329
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• 2017

This study aimed to explore the trajectories of computer game use of school age children and to identify the related predictors. The data for this study used Korean Children and Youth Panel data covering from the second year to the sixth year of elementary school. A total of 1,959 participants were analyzed. Latent class growth model was employed to explore the trajectories of computer game use and multinomial logistic regression was conducted to identify the significant predictors. Main results indicated that three types of trajectories were identified: low game using group, high initial using-fluctuating group, and high increasing game using group. Each group was found to be associated deferentially with sex, aggression, attention deficit, main caregiver's education, siblings, parent absence after-school, neglecting, family income, family trip, school grades, and peer relationship. Based on these findings, this study emphasized the importance of predictive intervention for the game user among early school age children and suggested useful practical strategies.