• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.13-25
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• 2008

Although competitions for large parks are increasing rapidly across the world, theoretical research and critiques of these competitions are as yet insufficient. The 'International Design Competition for Central Open Space in Multi-functional Administrative City, Korea', a representative competition for large park design, can be a significant resource for examining the contemporary design strategies that go into the design of a large park. In this study, the authors make a framework for analysis by looking at the competition's design guidelines and literatures on 'large parks', and by then analyzing the ten finalists. Four questions that were derived from the framework were: 'what are the approaches to large parks?', 'what is the process of design?', 'what is the sustainability of the park?', and 'what are the relations between city and park?' The results of the study are as follows. First, the design concepts for large parks are primarily site-specific. It is particularly important in ensuring the identity of the large park. Second, it is difficult to find design proposals which satisfy the four main questions sufficiently, and works submitted tend to be visual-oriented, form-oriented, and results-centered. Third, the notion of 'sustainability' in large parks is a comprehensive one which includes various aspects such as ecology, finance, programming, and community. However, the notion remains ambiguous, and plans for operation and management are not concretely proposed. Finally, design proposals for large parks accompany positive relations with the city. Especially, 'productive parks' and 'city self-sufficiency' are very important demands in regards to large parks.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.338-351
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• 2016

Park planning is done in a way to satisfy various expectations, including providing green space and offering urban space with specific and detailed strategies. This study focuses on large-scale parks that have been built since 2000 or that are going to be built. Their significance in the city was analyzed along with strategic characteristics for designing urban parks, and implications are suggested. First, the design aspects of urban parks have gradually tended towards flexibility for adapting to the diverse surrounding environments. Relating the parks to the surrounding area is realized through connection with facilities or planning to process the border area smoothly. Second, unlike in the past, urban parks are not just simply used as a resting space but play other productive and complex roles in the urban space for healing in the community. Third, six design strategies are being applied in these parks through mutually complex relations. Relations with external parties and planning inside the parks add more importance to the park for the community. Fourth, the changes of vertical time are reflected in park planning strategies and tend to form a floor plan. This is associated with growing park planning and is being realized as a major characteristic in urban park planning strategies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.1-14
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• 2008

Although the Dreamland site was the only flat amusement park in the northern part of Seoul, the site lost its function as a regional park due to aging and, therefore, was no longer in use. The site is surrounded by currently existing high dense low-story housing blocks and proposed new towns. A renovation plan for Dreamland was raised by the City of Seoul to enhance the quality of the urban environment in the northern part of Seoul. This study articulates the design concepts and strategies of the prizewinning work of the International Design Competition for Gangbuk Large Park. The three key points can be summarized as follows: First, this design proposal tried to find a new possibility for a large mountain park in an urban areas. These days, mountain parks are used limitedly as ordinary living spaces for activities such as a walking, hiking, and physical training. New strategies were sought to reconstruct the sentiment with which our ancestors enjoyed the mountains. Second, this proposal tried to make Dreamland a socially self-sufficient park. We designed a park which generates self-energy and which communicates with the city, not a park which only exists as a green island in a city. Lastly, rain fed paddy fields, a typical Korean vernacular landscape, was a tangible space which represented people's life-styles harmonizing with the nature. Rain fed paddy fields is a design motif which puts the three surrounding mountains together with the site. It is expected that the new design will works as a noted place.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.103-110
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• 2016

In recent years, as selling books on the internet becomes popular, the number of off-line bookstores are rapidly dwindling away. This change on the book market requires, the function and space of the bookstores should be defined again. Now bookstores are the places of experiences on cultures, world-views, and lifestyles around books. The study examines six large bookstores and finds three strategies of space expression as follow. First, Dominicanen bookstore in Maastricht which was built as a church has an expression which contrasts the old and the new as well as the sacred and the profane. Fangsuo bookstore in Chengdu creates a modern underground Sutra Depository. Here, people experience history and religion. Second, Cook & Book in Brussels has nine theme areas, each with a different selection of books, different interior decoration and special food and beverage like a theme park. Zhongshu bookshop in Shanghai has a lattice of nine reading rooms in which each unique design theme is characterized based on each book subject. Third, Cultura Bookstore in Sao Paulo is created to support social interchange. It leads people to the enormous plaza of books where people read books freely and participate in workshops, movies and all kinds of events. Daikanyama Tsutaya Books in Tokyo is composed of three white box-form pavilions which are connected by a 55-meter long aisle, called a magazine street. People walk along the street and choose concierge services as they browse magazines and books. The study finds out three strategies of design in current large bookstores to promote place-experience, which are the story-telling of history and culture, the design of theme parks, and openness for public mingling like plazas and streets. Thus, the study suggests a new paradigm in the design of bookstores in this internet age.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.50-57
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• 2003

Cross-flow fans are widely used in various applications, due to their large capacity of mass flow and size compactness. The flow field of the cross-flow fan is, however, complex and has many design parameters. Thus, the general design guide has not been sufficiently established yet and the design strategies of cross-flow fans have been mostly based on experiments. In the present study, the performance and their two-dimensional flow characteristics are numerically analyzed by using the STAR-CD(commercial computational fluid dynamics code). The simulation is done by varying the several design parameters such as the impeller blade shapes and the gap between the stabilizer and impeller. The computational results are compared with the experimental data at the fan outlet region. Finally, some helpful guides for the optimum design of cross-flow fans are proposed.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.260-262
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• 2003

Cross-flow fans are widely used in various applications, due to their large capacity of mass flow and size compactness. The flow field of the cross-flow fan is, however, complex and has many design parameters. Thus, the general design guide has not been sufficiently established yet and the design strategies of cross-flow fans have been based on experiments. In the present study, the performance and their two-dimensional flow characteristics are numerically analyzed by using the STAR-CD(commercial computational fluid dynamics code). The simulation is done by varying the several design parameters such as the impeller blade shapes and the gap between the stabilizer and impeller. The computational results are compared with the experimental data at the fan outlet region. Finally some helpful guides for the optimum design of cross-flow fans are proposed.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.08a
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• pp.176-181
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• 2003

The cross-flow fans are widely used in various applications, due to their large capacity of mass flow and the size compactness. The flow fields of the cross-flow fan is, however, complex and it has many design parameters. Thus the general design guide has not sufficiently established yet, and the design strategies of cross-flow fans have been based on experiments. In the present study, the cross-flow fan performance and its two-dimensional flow characteristics are numerically analyzed by using the STAR-CD. The simulation is done by varying the several design parameters such as impeller blade shapes, the gap between the stabilizer and impeller. The computational results are compared with the experimental data at the fan outlet region. Finally some helpful guides for the optimum design of the cross-flow fan are proposed.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.88-96
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• 2018

The income level of people in South Korea has risen as the gross national income per capita reached the milestone of 30,000 dollars. More and more consumers try to change their houses according to their tastes just like they express themselves through clothes, bags, and other fashion items, thus pursuing value-based consumption. The changes to the housing culture including the greater percentage of one- or two-person households and the growing trend of lease and monthly rent have made consumers increase their demands for products to express their lifestyles. As a result, global lifestyle shops with characteristic and diverse concepts entered the South Korean market and were joined by South Korean fashion brands, large-sized stores, department stores, and fancy stationery manufacturers, which launched their own brands, in the expansion of lifestyle shops across the nation. Lifestyle shops have a couple of unique attributes including the relatively clear selection of target consumers and a clear set of VMD strategies accordingly. Based on a judgment that there was cost differentiation among brands, the investigator categorized the comparison and analysis criteria into high, middle, and low prices to apply case analysis. This study set out to analyze VMD strategies for spatial composition through cost differentiation among lifestyle shops, take the results into total consideration, and propose an effective and competitive VMD strategy for lifestyle shops through spatial composition elements.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.1119-1139
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• 2014

A damage-based seismic design procedure for steel frame structures is formulated as an optimization problem, in which minimization of the initial construction cost is treated as the objective of the problem. The performance constraint of the design procedure is to achieve "repairable" damage state for earthquake demands that are less severe than the design ground motions. The Park-Ang damage index is selected as the seismic damage measure for the quantification of structural damage. The charged system search (CSS) algorithm is employed as the optimization algorithm to search the optimum solutions. To improve the time efficiency of the solution algorithm, two simplifying strategies are adopted: first, SDOF idealization of multi-story building structures capable of estimating the actual seismic response in a very short time; second, fitness approximation decreasing the number of fitness function evaluations. The results from a numerical application of the proposed framework for designing a twelve-story 3D steel frame structure demonstrate its efficiency in solving the present optimization problem.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.60-72
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• 2016

This study aims to suggest strategies of development and management for large parks by examining experimental cases of park governance models related to a shift away from public administration. The shifts towards governance as well as public-private partnership in city parks have involved the need for new public management. This study has analyzed two exemplary cases of Presidio Park and Sydney Harbour National Park in the aspects of planning process and management strategies, as the results derived the meaning and effect of park governance management and is also an essential prerequisite for the achievement of the model. There are six dimensions of research frames--namely policy, governance, partnership, finances and funds, design and maintenance-management, and evaluation-monitoring-taken as the basis for this study. Through the analysis, several key characteristics of these cases were elicited. First, the park planning process must be consistent in carrying a policy from planning to implementation, and furthermore, an independent operation body which can properly authorize an execution and uphold its responsibility from the public could serve in adaptable park services. Second, it has been suggested to build various partnerships with PAs and NGOs, private corporations, community groups, and academic institutes that allow it to expand the diversity of the park activities. Third, there has been experimental exploration to achieve a financially self-sufficient model by establishing internal revenue models and hence allow the reduction of reliance on public finances. The result of this type of park management would allow for improving park quality and make the park space a vital part of the local economy. Fourth, the strategies for a local community's participation are needed to allow the community to become a producer as well as a consumer. This study shows that the direction and significance of the park governance model regarding the fact that the plans sought by the two parks are extending the layout of public-centered discussion to the private sector and the third non-governmental sector including to the local community group. This shows both implications and limitations, such as the risk of privatization through non-governmental activities at the park or the violation of essential functions as a public good due to a profit-generating management policy for securing financial self-sufficiency. At the current point in which plans are under way for the development and management of large parks, a park governance model requires continuous study and expansion of discussion in the future.