• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권7호
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• pp.565-568
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• 2017

쇼그렌 증후군은 입안 건조와 호중성백혈구 감소증을 주로 보이는 자가면역질환이다. 일반적으로 쇼그렌 증후군은 중추신경계를 잘 침범하지 않는 것으로 알려져 있다. 하지만 드물게, 쇼그렌 증후군에서 미세혈관병성 변성이 생기고, 이로 인해 소혈관에 영향을 미치기도 한다. 34세의 여자 환자가 왼쪽 위사분맹 및 왼쪽 팔다리의 저린 증상이 있어 내원하였다. 뇌자기공명영상에서 오른쪽 후대뇌동맥 영역의 급성 뇌경색 소견이 확인되었다. 혈액학적 검사는 항핵항체 (FANA2+) 및 항DNA항체 (anti-SS-A (RO)) 양성이었다. 그리고 침샘 섬광조영술에서 타액 분비양이 현저히 저하되었다. 따라서 환자는 쇼그렌 증후군으로 진단할 수 있었다. 본 환자의 경우처럼 쇼그렌 증후군에서 대혈관을 침범하는 것은 매우 드문 일이다. 또한 쇼그렌 증후군 환자가 저혈소판증을 보였을 경우, 항혈소판 제재를 쓰는 것이 어려울 수 있다. 이 연구는 대혈관 침범 및 저혈소판증을 보인 쇼그렌 증후군 환자에서 항혈소판 제재 및 하이드록시클로로퀸을 통한 성공적인 치료와, 이와 관련된 임상 양상 및 병태생리를 보고한 사례연구이다.

• Journal of Cerebrovascular and Endovascular Neurosurgery
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2024

Since the first description of the possible utilization of the internal maxillary artery for bypass surgery, there are some reports of its use in aneurysm cases; however, there is no information about the possible advantages of this type of bypass for cerebral ischemic disease. We present a 77-year-old man with a history of diabetes, hypertension, systemic atherosclerosis, and two acute myocardial infarctions with left hemiparesis. Imaging studies reported total occlusion of the right internal carotid artery and 75% occlusion on the left side, with an old opercular infarction and repeated transient ischemic attacks in the right middle cerebral artery territory despite medical treatment. After a consensus, we decided to perform a bypass from the internal maxillary artery to the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery using a radial artery graft. After performing the proximal anastomosis, the calculated graft's free flow was 216 ml/min. Subsequently, after completing the bypass, the patency was confirmed with fluorescein videoangiography and intraoperative Doppler. Postoperatively, imaging studies showed improvement in the perfusion values and the hemiparesis from 3/5 to 4+/5. The patient was discharged one week after the operation, with a modified Rankin scale of 1, without added deficits. The use of revascularization techniques in steno-occlusive disease indicates a select group of patients that may benefit from this procedure. In addition, internal maxillary artery bypass has provided a safe option for large areas of ischemia that cannot be supplied with a superficial temporal artery - middle cerebral artery bypass.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.467-476
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• 2013

Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the hypotheses that administration routes [intra-arterial (IA) vs. intravenous (IV)] affect the early stage migration of transplanted human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs) in acute brain infarction. Methods : Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=40) were subjected to photothrombotic infarction. Three days after photothrombotic infarction, rats were randomly allocated to one of four experimental groups [IA group : n=12, IV group : n=12, superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) group : n=8, control group : n=8]. All groups were subdivided into 1, 6, 24, and 48 hours groups according to time point of sacrifice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) consisting of T2 weighted image (T2WI), $T2^*$ weighted image ($T2^*WI$), susceptibility weighted image (SWI), and diffusion weighted image of rat brain were obtained prior to and at 1, 6, 24, and 48 hours post-implantation. After final MRI, rats were sacrificed and grafted cells were analyzed in brain and lung specimen using Prussian blue and immunohistochemical staining. Results : Grafted cells appeared as dark signal intensity regions at the peri-lesional zone. In IA group, dark signals in peri-lesional zone were more prominent compared with IV group. SWI showed largest dark signal followed by $T2^*WI$ and T2WI in both IA and IV groups. On Prussian blue staining, IA administration showed substantially increased migration and a large number of transplanted hBM-MSCs in the target brain than IV administration. The Prussian blue-positive cells were not detected in SPIO and control groups. Conclusion : In a rat photothrombotic model of ischemic stroke, selective IA administration of human mesenchymal stem cells is more effective than IV administration. MRI and histological analyses revealed the time course of cell migration, and the numbers and distribution of hBM-MSCs delivered into the brain.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.570-575
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• 1996

우리는 혈전 용해요법을 시행한 뇌경색 환자를 대상으로 과잉관류가 발생한 아급성기에 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO SPECT와 $^{99m}Tc$-ECD SPECT를 같은 날 실시하여 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO SPECT에서는 과잉관류 소견이 보이나, $^{99m}Tc$-ECD SPECT 에서는 결손으로 나타남을 관찰하였다. 이 환자는 임상적으로 신경학적 이상에 호전이 없이 증상 발생 42일째 사망하였다. 문헌을 검토하여 종합하고 우리 환자예를 분석한 결과 $^{99m}Tc$-HMPAO SPECT가 뇌혈류를 반영하여 관류회복과 과잉관류상태를 나타내었고, $^{99m}Tc$-ECD SPECT는 뇌세포의 대사 및 생존여부를 반영하여 뇌세포 손상이 넓고 심각함을 나타내었다고 보았다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.437-442
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• 2001

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the risk factors of hematoma enlargement in patients with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH). Methods : A series of 214 ICH patients diagnosed by brain CT scan in our neurosurgery department from June 1995 to July 1998 were reviewed with clinical status, past medical histories, laboratory findings, CT findings and prognosis. Results : In 27 patients(12.6%), the second CT scan showed an enlarged hematoma. Age, sex, and site of hematoma were not related to hematoma enlargement. A long interval(>6 hours) between the onset and the 1st CT scan strongly reduced the incidence of hematoma enlargement. The incidence of hematoma enlargement significantly increased in patients with previous history of hypertension, cerebral infarction and ICH. This analysis also demonstrated the following independent factors predisposed to hematoma enlargement : initial high systolic blood pressure, high serum total protein, low serum albumin, low serum sodium, prolonged prothrombin time(>14 sec) and activated partial thromboplastin time(>29.5 sec), irregular hematoma shape, and combined intraventricular hemorrhage. Prognosis in the group of hematoma enlargement showed high mortality(48.1%) and poor outcome. Conclusion : Patients with previous history of hypertension, cerebral infarction and ICH, and with high systolic blood pressure, prolonged coagulation time, irregular hematoma shape and intraventricular hemorrhage in CT scan should be observed carefully. And, early surgical therapy of large hematoma and meticulous control of blood pressure may decrease the mortality and morbidity in patients with spontaneous ICH.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.237-241
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• 2014

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is the state which develops after complications with the infection from HIV. Irrespective of their state, all HIV infections have infectivity. According to a 2013 U.N. AIDS global report, the number of reported newly infected with HIV is constantly falling, while that of Korea has been increasing over recent years and it surpassed 10,000 in 2013. This phenomenon might be attributed to the unusualness of the blood test for early detection of HIV infection. From this fact, we can assume that we have strong possibilities for encounters with infections in the office. But many misconceptions about the disease makes patients try to hide their medical history, which can lead to a nationwide spread of the infection without proper management. Even though it may be difficult to take care of HIV patients in smaller dental offices, large scale hospitals have the means to arrange protocols to treat them. We present a case about dental treatment of a patient with AIDS that has a history of cerebral infarction and hepatitis type B under general anesthesia. The purpose of this case report was to discuss the special considerations of dental care for patients with HIV.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2012

Objective : To optimize the recanalization of acute cerebral stroke that were not effectively resolved by conventional intraarterial thrombolysis (IAT), we designed a double device technique to allow for rapid and effective reopening. In this article, we describe the feasibility and efficacy of this technique. Methods : From January 2008 to September 2009, twenty patients with acute cerebral arterial occlusion (middle cerebral artery : n=12; internal carotid artery terminus : n=5; basilar artery : n=3) were treated by the double device technique. This technique was applied when conventional thrombolytic methods using drug, microwires, microcatheters and balloons did not result in recanalization. In the double device technique, two devices are simultaneously placed at the lesion (for example, one microcatheter and one balloon or two microcatheters). Chemicomechanical or mechanicomechanical thrombolysis was performed simultaneously using various combinations of two devices. Recanalization rates, procedural time, complications, and clinical outcomes were analyzed. Results : The initial median National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was 16 (range 5-26). The double device technique was applied after conventional IAT methods failed. Recanalization was achieved in 18 patients (90%). Among them, 55% (11 cases) were complete (thrombolysis in cerebral infarction 2B, 3). The median thrombolytic procedural time including the conventional technique was $135{\pm}83.7$ minutes (range 75-427). Major symptomatic hemorrhages (neurological deterioration ${\geq}4$ points in NIHSS) developed in two patients (10%). Good long term outcomes (modified Rankin Scale ${\leq}2$ at 90 days) occurred in 25% (n=5) of the cases. Mortality within 90 days developed in two cases (10%). Conclusion : The double device technique is a feasible and effective technical option for large vessel occlusion refractory to conventional thrombolysis.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2014

신경매독은 스피로헤타(spirochete)인 Treponema pallidum에 의한 뇌와 척수의 드문 감염증이다. 저자들은 53세 남자환자에서 시신경, 삼차신경, 안면신경, 전정와우신경, 중뇌동맥, 후뇌동맥, 척수와 척수막을 침범한 복합적인 수막혈관성, 수막척수염 형태의 신경매독을 경험하여 이를 보고하고자 한다. 본 증례를 통해 뇌수막염과 더불어 뇌신경염, 뇌혈관염이 있고 수막척수염을 동반하는 복합적인 중추신경계 이상 소견이 있어 임상적인 진단이 어려운 경우 신경매독을 감별진단으로 고려하여 영상 소견을 바탕으로 한 빠른 진단이 필요함을 강조하고자 한다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.50-59
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• 1998

Background : Vascular dementia occurs mainly due to cerebral vascular disease. So we performed this clinical study to investigate the incidence and characteristics of vascular dementia in stroke patients. Methods : This study was performed on the patients hospitalized from April 1, 1998 to August 31, 1998 at the department of circulatory internal medicine, hospital of Oriental medicine, Kyung-Hee University, and diagnosed cerebral infarction or hemorrhage by Brain CT or MRI. we devided the patients into two groups; vascular dementia group and non dementia group according to MMSE-K(Mini Mental State Examination Korean version), Hasegawa dementia scale. Patients were diagnosed dementia using DSM-IV. We compared general characteristics, stoke types and laboratory findings between the two groups and investigated the correlationship between MMSE-K and Hasegawa dementia scale. Results : Results showed that the incidence of vascular dementia was about 27.8% in stroke patients. The greater number of subjects with dementia were women in the lower educational classes and had lower MBI(Moderfied Bathel Index) scores. Vascular dementia were more common in patients with large brain lesion size($>20cm^3$). There was a positive correlationship between Hasegawa scores and MMSE-K.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제28권1호통권69호
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• pp.25-34
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• 2007

Objectives : The present study was carried out to provide basic information necessary for the prevention and efficient treatment of stroke through a comparison between thr patients of the first attack and those of recurrence. Methods : The observation f3r the current study was made on 210 cases of stroke that were confirmed through brain CT-scan. The patients were hospitalized at one of two oriental medical hospitals in Seoul during 2006. Result : The main results were as follows. First, the male-to-female ratio of stroke patients were 1:1.26, with more primary stroke far females and more recurrent stroke for males. Second, in the age distribution, seventies was the top, and sixties, fifties, and forties were next in the order of frequency. A large city was the most frequent residential site and unemployment was the most frequent occupation to have stroke. The incidence of stroke became higher as patients had a taste for spicy and salty food. Third, the most common preceding disease was hypertension. In the relationship of diastolic blood pressure with recurrence, there was significance in the test of independence. Fourth, the most important precipitating conditions at the onset of stroke were rest and steeping. The most common precedent symptoms were verbal disturbance, numbness, and dizziness. In the stroke patients with hemiparesis, male and female patients usually showed It. hemiparesis. Fifth, as a result of brain CT-scan, cerebral hemorrhage was inclined to reduce but cerebral infarction was inclined to increase due to senility and change of lifestyle. Finally, total cholesterol findings disclosed that 22.4% were hypercholesteremia, 18.6 % were hyperlipemia in triglyceride findings, and 19.0% were glycosemia in glucose findings. Conclusions : The above results suggested avoidance of meat and salty fDod and positive control of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in order to prevent stroke.