• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.26-36
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to investigate the change and structure of the altitudinal vegetation on the east side of Hallasan National Park, and to accomplish this research, seventeen plots($400m_2$ per zone) were set up along the Seongpanak trail starting from 750m to 1,450m(which was 700m long). These zones, according to the two-way indicator species analysis(TWINSPAN) and ordination analysis(DCA), were divided into six communities: Carpinus tschonoskii-Stryrax japonica community(I), Stryrax japonica-Quercus serrata community(II), Carpinustschonoskii-Q. serrata community(III), Q. mongolica-C tschonoskii community(IV), Acer pseudosieboldianum community(V), and Q. mongolica-Abies koreana community(VI). The findings of my investigation are as follows: the altitudinal vegetation structure of all the investigated zones from 750m to 1,000m above sea level is similar to one another, whereas the same zones from 1,000m to 1,450m above sea level showed dissimilarities among them. That indicates that altitudinal vegetation structure on the east side of Hallasan National Park has changed drastically at the 1,000m areas above sea level, and the forest age of this area is over 50 years.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.113-124
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• 2006

Landscape structure, habitat types, vegetation structure and biodiversity in the Bokha stream chosen as a reference stream were investigated to get ecological information necessary for restoration of urban stream degraded by excessive artificial interference. Landscape structure showed a slight change between before and after flooding. Habitat types of nine sorts were identified based on ecological information obtained from field survey such as micro-topography, hydrological characteristics, disturbance regime, and so on. Each habitat holds specific organisms to each site. Consequently, the number of plant communities, and species of benthos and fish increased as the kinds of habitat type increase. Ordination of habitat types based on vegetation, benthos, and fish data reorganized them into three groups of pool types of two kinds depending on whether they are connected to the water course or not and riffle one. Vegetation showed different stratification and species composition depending on topographical position in relation to disturbance cycle. Based on the results from this study, relationship between environmental heterogeneity and biodiversity was discussed and a restoration plan was suggested in a viewpoint of vegetation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

In this study, to take the object of this thesis on understanding the characteristics on marketing structure and marketing distribution of landscape materials after consideration in the side of prices trends which is important factors for analysis in understanding the market of landscape materials. To do this, Analysis is divided into the prices trends. The investigation of prices trends and marketing distribution are to collect data refer to purchases and sales reports, these results are used to analyzed the operative factor of forming market structure. The periodic range of this thesis is limited from 1996 to 2000 and analytic articles is limited on 609 landscape materials(planting materials : 567 articles, facility materials : 7 articles, the other : 35 articles). The results of the whole prices trends and marketing distribution survey can be summarized as follows : 1. Prices trends of showing 3 types of landscape materials : In cases of planting, facility and the others materials, the annual average increasing rate of the index number of price was 3.1%, 3.4%, 3.1% while the KPRC(Korea Price Research Center) price was 3.98% for the past five years. 2. GSP(Government Specified Prices) Prices trends of showing 3 types of landscape materials : In cases of planting, facility and the others materials, the annual average increasing rate of the index number of price was 3.7%, 1.2%, 2.6% while the KPRC(Korea Price Research Center) price was 3.98% for the past five years. This increase indicates a small price margin, particularly, the GSP price of planting materials should be adjusted to a realistic level. 3. Native and exotic product Prices trends of showing 3. types of landscape materials : In cases of Native planting, facility and the others materials, the annual average increasing rate of the index number of price was 3.2%, 3.2%, 3.6% while cases of exotic was 3.1%, 1.0%, 5.8% for the past five years. The index number increase of prices of exotic landscape materials were fluctuated more than those the native landscape materials.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.16-26
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• 1991

The traditional housing of Cheju Island has been steadily researched, but from the point of an environmental view which has been neglectly treated all the while, the formative process of the housing and its relationship to the structure of a village are studied, so the writer summarized the relation to the housing type. To study the peculiarity of the physical space, a type of a way, and element of the spatial structure, by stage and a type of the arrangement of the residential space are researched and analyzed, and to understand the plane peculiarity, the distribution of the plane type has been studied. In consequence, the housing and the structure and the form of the village have an organic relation each other and have been made under a very diverse and mixed background, we can find. Especially, the element of the natural environment acts as an important element which decides the type of life and the residential type. The arrangement of buildings is gradually free from the traditional type, but a traditional type of "Three-Room House" is kept well in spite of a change of the plane type.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.321-343
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• 2004

In principal, the original form of Eupchi landscape in Naepo reflects a traditional idea regarding direction as a connection with one's fortune and naturalization strategy of power. In reality, the weight for the landscape inside the castle town was distinct by locality according to the conditions of natural geographies and main function of the castle town. In other words, the traditional Eupchi landscape was shaped under the fixed principles but it was simultaneously reflecting the local temporality and spatiality. As Chosun Dynasty went under the Japanese colonization, Eupchi in the traditional period started to evolve into a modem city. That is to say, the traditional Eupchi as a political place became to change into the center of capital accumulation, stronghold of economy and education, and center of town beyond the function as a place for government and administration. Therefore, the process of change from the landscape of Eupchi to a modem city was a kind of revolution in the form and function, and it was also a very rapid rearrangement of social space. The disparate element of landscape and double social space worked as a vital inertial element in the urban structure of Naepo area until the post independence and evolution of landscape.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.76 no.2
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• pp.138-144
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• 1987

This study discusses the concepts of landscape structure, landscape indices, interrelationships between indices, prediction of change in forest Landscape and forest management as a scenic resource, and other relevant problems. To illustrate the methods of national landscape interpretation, a case study was carried out for Ashinoko bridge in Fujihakoneizu National Park, Japan. Although the exact form of computer-generated landscape planning may vary, depending on the type of computers and users involved, users of these computer systems should be aware of problems that may be encountered when assessing the quality of computer perspectives without the aid of a detailed field survey. Nevertheless, it is expected that computer systems for analysis and management of forest landscape will become effective and economic tools to promote human health and provide more recreational opportunities in forest and national park planning.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.27-33
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• 2015

Forest ecosystem is considered as an important stepping stone to minimize the impact of climate change. However, the rapid urbanization has caused fragmentation of forest ecosystem. The fragmentation of forest patch results in edge effect which brings about adverse impacts on forest function and structure. Degradation of forest ecosystem decreases carbon sequestration because edge effect reduces productivity. Therefore, we analyzed the impact of forest edge effect on forest ecosystem carbon stock change in Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do. We used connectivity analysis to determine forest edge and core area. The field study sites were selected with considering forest age, density, class and soil type. Secondly, forest carbon stock was calculated with allometric equation. The soil carbon stock was derived from Walkely-Black method. Lastly, Mann-Whitney test was conducted to validate differences between carbon stock in edge and core area. As a result of study, the connectivity analysis was effective to determine forest edge and core. The core and edge of forest patch showed different composition of tree species and soil properties. Carbon stock per tree in the edge area was lower than that in the core area. However, the difference of soil organic carbon content between the edge and core were relatively small. This assessment can be applied for the conservation of forest patch as well as quantitative assessment on the forest carbon stock change caused by fragmentation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.25-33
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• 2017

This study aims to find out the change trend of the existing vacant houses in the small and medium sized farming city. And the using method of those houses is proposed in this paper. Especially to find out the change trend ratio of vacant houses in the case, the historic conservation area - Keumma village is selected as the research target area. To carry out this study, it was surveyed in 2013 when they were not designated as the special area first. And it is reviewed in 2017 when it is designated. The contents of the survey were their use, old age, structure, materials, color, roof of the main building and wall. they were surveyed by direct and interview survey. And thew were analyzed and synthesized. It is concluded that the 142 vacant houses in 2013 were declined 46houses in 2017. It is caused by the government support. And they will be declined continuously. The architectural statues of vacant houses between in 2013 and in 2017 are almost same in it's use, old age, structure, materials, color, roof of the main building and wall. In the use ratio of the vacant houses that of residence is most high, and that of warehouses, commerce are followed in turn. The reason of that statues is moving out is the first and the death of house holder, the difficulty of managing are followed. As the their re-use plan of owners, the selling is the first, constructing new buildings and the renovation them are followed. As the method of their use, re-use, community facilities, managing in the vacant houses bank are proposed. As the vacant houses are the reason of bad elements in the rural landscape in the farm village, the method of its improvement will be carried out.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.41-51
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• 2001

'The Ecological Forest' in Youido Park was intended to be an artificial forest in urban center, following the form of natural forests in central Korea. This study was to investigate the planting plan and the vegetation change of 'the Ecological Forest' and to compare it with natural forests of similar plant composition. The natural forests had slopes between $12^{\circ}$ and $21^{\circ}$, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' had slopes between $2^{\circ}$ and $6^{\circ}$. It was unlikely that the slope condition was adequate to show 'toposequence succession' at 'the Ecological Forest'. The soil bulk density and soil hardness of 'the Ecological Forest' were higher than those of the natural forests. The soil pH of 'the Ecological Forest' was 7.45, which was greater than that of the natural forests. There were some changes in plant composition and amounts 2 years after the construction : the number of conifers was reduced from 383 to 338 ; the number of deciduous trees was reduced from 4717 to 1158. It was because of the young trees dead in the sub-tree layer. The herbaceous species planted were 14 families, 31 species, which increased to 37 families, 93 species after 2 years. In case of horizontal structure of vegetation, trees and shrubs were distributed evenly in the natural forests, whereas 'the Ecological Forest' showed uneven distribution with higher total density. In case of vertical structure of vegetation, the natural forests had distinctive layers with dominant species distributed in each layers. In 'the Ecological Forest', however, dominant species were only in tree layer. The natural forests had greater average tree height, tree density, however, and basal area than 'the Ecological Forest'. The results showed that there were some differences in the structure between 'the Ecological Forest' and natural forests. The management plan should be applied in order that the natural condition be restored in 'the Ecological Forest' by competition between plant species and natural processes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.111-120
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• 2015

In this study, the general structure of the landscape architecture industry was considered through analysis of advertisements in the landscape architecture magazine, 'Environment & Landscape Architecture', and the transition process and factors of landscape facilities were analyzed. Based on this result, the direction of future landscape facilities and basic data were suggested. When analyzing the advertisements that have been published in 'Environment & Landscape Architecture' for 30 years, outdoor facilities were depicted at a frequency of 1,853 times and among them, rest facilities and convenience facilities were depicted 1,457 times and 378 times, respectively. The reason why outdoor facilities have a far higher advertisement frequency than other landscape facilities is they were highly influenced by the house construction-related government policy, which resulted from the expansion of the rest facility industry along with regional expansion to public design. Moreover, it was found that wood and steel were mainly used to make pergolas and benches, which are rest facilities, and polycarbonate, with high economic efficiency and durability, was used the most as a roofing material for pergolas. This study attempts to explore the tendency of landscape facilities and the changes in the detail of their types by analyzing the stream of landscape facilities diachronically, based on the advertisements published in a representative magazine of landscape architecture.