• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.13-22
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• 2014

This study analyzed the globalization policy of ICT SMEs and ventures using cognitive map analysis and derived the priority to importance about action plans using AHP model, while the globalization paradigm has been rapidly changing in the ICT industry. Empirical results showed that policy tool variables should be needed to develop because policy goal variables are generally presented more than policy tool variables. In addition, this cognitive map could be characterized by a scarcity of feedback loops which means policy landscape for ICT SMEs and ventures' globalization is unilateral rather than cyclical to reach policy goal from policy tools. Another finding is that creative economy policy variable was not observed as policy tool variable but as policy goal variable. This means creative economy can be implemented through support for ICT SMEs and ventures' globalization. Finally, for detailed policy measures, installation of global start-up center, recruiting and utilization of global specialists, revitalization of ICT R&D international collaboration study, enlargement of global investment network, accompanied overseas advance of large enterprises and SMEs are presented in order in terms of the importance of policy priority.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.35-49
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• 2007

This study analyzed on the developmental process of forest policy direction in Korea and present status of forest desolation in North Korea of the pre and post division of the Korean peninsular with historical point of view and indicates future tasks to take. Forests in Korea were destroyed in the early of 1900s while Korean peninsular was under Japanese colonial rule. In 1945, Korea was divided into two parts, which developed its own forest policy under the different political system. South Korea was at Korean war in 1950 and accomplished the greening movement from 1970s to 1980s. After 1990s, the country has aimed to sustainable forest management. North Korea has focused on forestation until 1960. However, the result has been doubtful with North Korean economic depression, and these days North Korea faces forest desolation due to failures of forest management. Therefore, necessary is that recovery measures for forest desolation in North Korea, cooperation and interchange between North and South Korea and plans of forest management in case of unification.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.38-49
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• 2021

The maintenance project of the Jeonglimsa temple site started with the objective of restoring the original structure of the temple, however, it was gradually transitioned to a landscaping maintenance project over time that constructs a landscape of the temple area. With paying attention to these facts, this study summarized the characteristics of cultural heritage landscaping of the Jeonglimsa temple site as follows. First, Cultural heritage landscaping is a landscaping act that creates, maintains, and manages landscapes within the spatial scope of the cultural heritage designated under the Cultural Heritage Protection Act and the cultural heritage protection area established around it. It is a work that includes protection and maintenance of the excavated remains, spaces by each function and plans for moving lines, Installation of structures to protect cultural properties, adoption of the facilities and structures for convenience of visitors, and construction of vegetation landscape. Second, the cultural heritage landscaping of the Jeonglimsa temple site has been developed in 5 periods, and these include 'the period of historical site investigation' that the temple name was identified through the designation of cultural assets and excavation investigation by the Japanese rule, 'the construction period of Baekje Tower Park' after the liberation from the Japanese rule, 'the period of Baekje Cultural Area Development Project' designated as a historical site, 'the period of the Comprehensive Development Project for a Specific Area of Baekje Culture',which was proceeded with the establishment of the park and museum instead of restoring the temple building due to the difficulty in gathering the pieces of historical evidence, and 'the period of the Jeonglimsa temple site restoring project', which was designated as a World Heritage Site while restoring the buildings deployment in the Buddhist temple at the time of foundation era of Baekje Dynasty. Third, this study verified the landscape changes of the Jeonglimsa temple site that have been transitioned, for instance, the creation of a commemorative park linked to the outer garden of Buyeo Shrine, the implementation of urban planning of the Japanese colonial era, the creation of a protective environment for the excavated historical structures and temple area, the restoration of building deployment in the Buddhist temple, and the sincerity restoration and utilization of cultural assets. Fourth, the landscape of Jeongnimsa temple site is determined by the subject and scope of cultural property designation, land use, movement lines and pavement, repairing methods of remains, structures, facilities, and vegetation. The characteristics of the cultural heritage landscape of Jeongnimsa Temple were derived, such as creating a procedural landscape considering the expansion of the cultural heritage designation scope, securing authenticity by maintaining relics in consideration of reversibility, creating a vegetative landscape suitable for historical and cultural landscapes, and enhancing the value of cultural heritage enjoyment by providing an open space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.15-31
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• 2022

This study interpreted the logical validity of the landscape restoration and maintenance patterns of Changgyeonggung Palace, where modern landscapes coexist. The results of the study are as follows; First, the changes in the landscape restoration and maintenance attitude concerning the Changgyeonggung management organization were identified. With the establishment of the Office of the Imperial Garden, an imperial property was nationalized. The Cultural Heritage Managing Department was opened in 1961, and Changgyeonggung Palace were preserved as designated as historical sites in 1963. An environmental purification was implemented by the Changgyeonggung Office as a follow-up measure for restoration in 1983. As the Cultural Heritage Administration promoted in 1999 and the Royal Palaces and Tombs Center was established in 2019, the palace has been managed professionally as a palace landscape to provide a viewing environment. Second, In the 'Purification Period of Changgyeongwon(1954~1977)', environmental purification was carried out to restore amusement facilities, install facilities for cherry blossom viewing, and develop the place into a national zoo. In the 'Reconstruction Period of Changgyeonggung(1983~1986)', restoring function as an urban park, reserving green areas, the outside space was recreated in the traditional feel, and the forest area was generally maintained. In the 'Supplementation Period of Traditional Landscape Architecture Space(1987~2009)', a uniform green landscape was created with pine trees and various vegetation landscapes centered on the flower beds. In the 'Improvement and Maintenance Period of Viewing Environment(2010~2022), a master plan was reestablished on the premise of utilization, but maintenance has been carried out in a small scale centering on unit space. Third, regarding the validity of the landscape restoration and maintenance, It was found in terms of 'originality' that the recovery of the palace system has not been expanded for over 40 years in existing areas. The 'characteristics of the times', which shows whether multi-layered history was taken into account, Changgyeongwon was excluded from the discussion in the process of setting the base year twice. In terms of 'integrity,' the area of the Grand Greenhouse where the historic states coexists needs a maintenance policy that binds the greenhouse, carpet flower bed, and Chundangji Pond. The 'utility' identified as the utilization of spaces suggests the establishment of a sense of place in the Grand Greenhouse area, which is concentrated with programs different from other areas.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.205-216
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• 2018

Objectives: Scientific verification for health effects has been constantly demanded through the forest healing factors. In this study, phytoncide concentration which is one of the forest healing factors, was investigated according to stand density, season and visiting time, and analyzed correlation with micrometeorology factors. Methods: Total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs) and Natural volatile organic compounds (NVOCs) were collected using a measuring instrument which is connected to an air pump with the Tenax TA tube. The 32NVOCs were selected through the detailed criteria of adequacy assessment for recreational forest. The statistical analysis (correlation and stepwise regression analysis) was conducted between phytoncide concentration and micrometeorology factors. Results: NVOCs concentration linearly increased according to stand density. The high level showed in the summer (p<0.05), and there is no significant difference according to visiting hours of the Healing forest. NVOCs is a negative correlation with solar radiation, PAR and wind direction, and a positive correlation with relative humidity and temperature (p<0.01). NVOCs increased following the increase of humidity and temperature ($R^2=0.55$). Conclusions: Phytoncide linearly increased according to stand density, and showed the correlation significantly with microclimate factors. In future, these results will be utilized as a basic material to promote the generation of phytoncide, which positively influences human health promotion and manage the forest welfare space.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.235-247
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• 2022

A marine protected area (MPA) is a spatially designated section of the ocean where the biodiversity is high. Munseom MPA has a unique underwater landscape including soft coral, subtropical fish, and benthos, attracting many scuba divers. This paper intends to evaluate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for the scuba diving management policy in the Munseom MPA. As a stated preference valuation method, a choice experiment was applied to assess divers' preferences with economic values for the policy. The attributes used in the study included zoning (temporal closure), conservation education, daily permit, soft coral area, and diving fee. We collected 333 questionnaires through online and field surveys and used 296 after excluding incomplete responses for the final data analysis. Study results show that a six-month closure, a decrease in soft coral habitat, and the diving fee were statistically significant. A positive coefficient with regard to the six-month closure variable indicates that divers preferred the policy, and the marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) was estimated to be KRW 8,637 per person per dive. The aggregate WTP of KRW 233 million was obtained by multiplying the MWTP by the number of visiting divers per year. When comparing the levels of recreation specialization, more skilled divers preferred the management option. The results of this study will help predict the priority of management measures and the levels of acceptability among divers when diving management is implemented in Korea in the future. This study suggests that marine environmental policies need to consider divers as one of the important stakeholders for marine conservation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.41-63
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• 1994

The purpose of this study is to analyze and assess policies and management systems related to traditional villages in Korea. To pursuit this purpose, this study analyzes the applied conservation process to traditional villages. Specifically, it attempts to search for new approaches. Mainly, the using cases are the designated villages protected by law. This study is composed of two major parts. First part is devoted to the understanding of applied conservation process. This work is executed by the introduction of the five stages. ($\circled1$ preliminary investigation, $\circled2$ designation, $\circled3$ main investigation, $\circled4$ planning and design, $\circled5$ management) Based on the results of the first part, the second part is analyzed problems of past and current situation and arranged formulation of suggestions of suggestions for future policy development. This is composed of this items. ($\circled1$ law and institution, $\circled2$ methods of conservation, $\circled3$ investigation and analysis, $\circled4$ management) This study doesn't suggest substantial alternatives, but the analyzed results of this study will contribute to the futher work of conservation for traditional villages in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.14-28
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• 1996

Purposes of this study were to provide the basic information for the management policy for more preserve and refreshing Gusumok-big and old tree. Fundamental directions for the protection and application of Gusumok were suggested by comparing and analyzing present conditions and remnant forms of Gusumok as preserved tree in Kyung-ju and its function and the role of Gusumok according to the civilization and diference between past and present. The main results of the study are as follows ; There are 121 Gusumok which designated as a preserved tree in Kyung-ju. It is distributed all over the Kyung-ju city uniformly and located in the enterance or the center of a village having high interests of most of residents. in the course of a civilzation, the percintage of a loss of an urban Gusumok is higher than that of a rural Gusumok and its function is also changed so much. A modern function of Gusumok can be divided into a positive and negative one. A positive function is the offer of amenity and the place of receation, formation of culture and ragulation of micro climate. A negative function is of psycholosical and functional reversed function. having a close relation with our life, Gusumok offers an amenity place to our life to make us feel soft and comfortable as well as developes the quality of our life. Gusumok has an important meaning in mordern society in that it contibutes to our village being better to live by having a historical meaning and creating a symbolic culture and history.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.67-81
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• 2018

We tried to analyze qualitatively a total of 110 the research papers which were related domestic ecological restoration technologies about 15 years through semantic network analysis in social network analysis. In order to understand the research trends of ecological restoration technologies, we analyzed the degree centrality and betweenness centrality of the Stream/Wetland, Slope, Soil/Others fields selected as Word Cloud. As a result, ecological restoration technologies have been changed. They were focused on the restoration of species or their habitats in the past. However, they have been evolved into the detailed systems to respond in unpredictable natural disasters and climate change, high-resolution image implementation technology to accurately grasp the practical environment and methods related to environmental restoration for human in urban ecosystem. In the future, investment and technology for the ecosystem restoration field will be continuously demanded for the symbiosis of human beings and species in the damaged ecosystem. Therefore, the research trend of ecological restoration technologies should be provided as reliable guidelines when decision makers establish the policy direction or when researchers select their subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.38-46
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• 1999

The purpose of the study is to analyze the effect of urbanization, the degree of development in urban scale and the comparative analysis of landuse change in order to construct the important basic data for establishing development direction and characterizing each city. To analyze the urban growth patterns a land cover classification using Landsat TM data was performed : 1987 and 1997 for the change detection of each land cover. The results of this study demonstrates that urban areas increased on while forest areas had decreased all over the Korean cities. Especially, in case of the analysis on landuse conversion rate, we found out that the forest areas was first changed into agricultural areas, then it is consequently developed into urban areas in most rural areas. This study concludes that the insufficiency of the number of knowledged officials in the local administration and a government official in one's charge, tight financial conditions and absence of recognition of cities' characteristics, urban development following unrefined development patterns, inappropriate urban planning and policy of metropolitan cities and the negligence of peculiar development patterns of each city.