• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.32-41
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• 2008

It has been a recent phenomenon over 1980-1990s that the notion of Landscape has had significant position in contemporary architecture. And the execution range isn't limited to a certain area but is extended to various areas. Under such influence of trend of the times, various architectural attempts in which landscape notion is applied have been tried by the group of architects of our country which are mainly composed of young architects. This study aims to derive the features of landscape appearing in our contemporary architecture by analyzing how Landscape notion is embodied in our Landscape architecture which are claiming the expression of Landscape notion as nature, human beings and view. The purpose of the study is to suggest the limitation and the direction to go through of Korean Landscape architecture through the analysis of such features. Through the recategorization of the Landscape notion, this study reviews the features in detail shown in buildings in Heyily Art Valley which were built strongly based on the expression of the Landscape notion, the art works in Paju City of Publishing Industry and other Landscape buildings. The findings of the review show that Landscape architectural notion has been attempted not only in a certain facilities but also in various genres of architecture. And also it shows that the expression of Landscape notion is performed not by various ways but by only limited ones which are preferred.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.14-26
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• 2011

Imdaejeong Wonlim is located on the verge of Sangsa Village in Sapyeong-ri, Daepyeong-myeon, Hwasun-gun Gyeongsangnam-do toward Northwest. It was planned by Sa-ae, Minjuhyeon in 1862 on the basis of Gobanwon built by Nam Eongi in 16th century against the backdrop of Mt. Bongjeong and facing Sapyeong Stream. As water flows from west to east in the shape of crane, this area is a propitious site standing for prosperity and happiness. This area shows a distinct feature of Wonlim surrounding the Imdaejeong with multi layers as consisting of 5 districts - front yard where landmark stone with engraved letters of 'Janggujiso of Master Sa-ea' and junipers are harmoniously arranged, internal garden of upper pavilion ranging from a pavilion to square pond with a little island in the middle, Sugyeongwon of under pavilionu consisting of 2 ponds with a painting of three taoist hermits, forest of Mt. Bonggeong and external garden including Sapyeong Stream and farmland. According to documentation and the results of on-site investigation, it is certainly proved that Imdaejeong Wonlim was motivated by Byeoseo Wonlim which realized the idea of 'going back to hometown after resignation' following the motives of Janggujiso, a hideout aimed to accomplish the ideology, 'training mind and fostering innate nature,' on the peaceful site surrounded by water and mountain, as well as motives of Sesimcheo(洗心處) to be unified with morality of Mother Nature, etc. In addition, it implies various imaginary landscapes such as Pihangji, Eupcheongdang, square pond with an island and painting of three Taoist hermits based on a notion that 'the further scent flies away, the fresher it becomes,' which is originated from Aelyeonseol(愛蓮說). In terms of technique of natural landscape treatment, divers techniques are found in Imdaejeong Wonlim such as distant view of Mt. Bongjeong, pulling view with an intention of transparent beauty of moonlight, circle view of natural and cultural sceneries on every side, borrowed scenary of pastoral rural life adopted as an opposite view, looked view of Sulyundaero, over looked view of pond, static view in pavilion and paths, close view of water space such as stream and pond, mushroom-and-umbrella like view of Imdaejeong, vista of pond surrounded by willows, imaginary view of engraved letters meaning 'widen knowledge by studying objectives' and selected view to comprise sunrise and sunset at the same time. In the beginning of construction, various plants seemed to be planted, albeit different from now, such as Ginkgo biloba, Phyllostachys spp., Salix spp., Pinus densiflora, Abies holophylla, Morus bombycis, Juglans mandschurica, Paulownia coreana, Prunus mume, Nelumbo nucifera, etc. Generally, it reflected dignity of Confucianism or beared aspect of semantic landscape implying Taoist taste and idea of Phoenix wishing a prosperity in the future. Furthermore, a diversity of planting methods were pursued for such as liner planting for the periphery of pond, bosquet planting and circle planting adopted around the pavilion, spot planting using green trees, solitary planting of monumentally planted Paulownia coreana and opposite planting presenting the Abies holophylla into yin and yang.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.20-27
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the validity and the reliability of the visual simulation method using the internet. For this. the evaluation of the artificial and natural landscape through the medium of color slides are compared with the internet survey. Data is analysed through the comparison of t-test between the two media by landscape type, and spatial image is analysed by factor analysis algorithm. Principle component analysis using Varimax Method is applied for extraction and factor rotation respectively. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; There are no statistical differences between the two methods with artificial and natural landscape in the total data that included second tests. Factors covering the spatial image are found to be \`aesthetic\`, \`spatial shape\`, and \`familiarity\`. Total variance is obtained as 66.4%. There are no statistical differences between the two methods in 2/3 of the cases. In the case of far view of artificial landscape, the results of the t-test show that the two methods are exactly the same. Especially in the case of the artificial far landscape shows no difference of all factors between two methods. There are no differences between first and second tests of the same media and the same landscape type. And it shows the reliability of this method. These results suggest that the probability that the internet can be used as a medium of landscape evaluation and gathering information on anyone\`s landscape image. Simulation techniques with the internet survey method should be further developed for practical application.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.115-120
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• 2010

The Asian cultural landscape is a mirrored ecosystem of great complexity, formed by the interaction of man and nature, coupled with a host of ecological processes. The human dependencies on and environmental adaptation of the bio-organisms and the surrounding landscape constitute the typical cultural landscape. Islands are a good example of a cultural landscape, and each mosaic pattern of marine and coastal ecosystems reflects bio-cultural diversity. Along with land-use patterns, wise use of biological organisms and indigenous knowledge has expanded to islands in the Asia-Pacific region in several ways (sea current and human impact, etc.). Loss in biodiversity and landscape diversity as well as cultural diversity owing to global warming and rapid urbanization are emerging issues for island ecosystems all over the world. In order to sustain the historical coexistence between man and natural systems, we ecologists must continue to search for a holistic solution for academic consilience. In this paper, I present the vision and practical characteristics of island ecology with a view toward the conservation of the traditional landscape and bio-cultural diversities in the seascape.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.78-85
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• 2013

This study employed the Semantic Differential(SD) technique for an empirical analysis of the borrowed landscape-the so-called interaction of landscape between space and nature-in traditional Korean space against the cultural backdrop of confucian ideology. Its findings are as follows: First, the study conducted a comparative analysis of the borrowed landscape between Sarangchae(Men's quarters) and Anchae(Women's quarters) and between Soteuldaemun(A lofty gate) and Sadangdaemun(A gate to an ancestral shrine), using the SD technique. Consequently, their marked distinction in the borrowed landscape were found to illustrate the influence of confucian ideology over spatial composition. Second, both the garden and the sky of Sarangchae appeared more open and dynamic, and soft, and comfortable, and warm compared to Anchae. Also, Soteuldaemun looked more open and dynamic than Sadangdaemun. In conclusion, traditional Korean space applies a monistic view of the world to nature and human beings, thereby embodying a philosophical and aesthetic space where humans enjoy their life in harmony with nature while playing with the landscape in a traditional space.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.128-140
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• 2021

This study applied the theory of Landscape Ecology to representative resources of Jeju Olle-gil, which is a representative subject of walking tourism, to identify ecological characteristics and to establish a technique for landscape ecological analysis of Olle-gil resources. Jeju Olle Trail type based on the biotope type, major land use, vegetation status around Olle Trail and roads were divided into 12 types. Based on the type of ecological tourism resource classification, the Jeju Olle-gil walking tourism resource classification was divided into seven types of natural resources and seven types of humanities resources, and each resource was characterized by Geotope, Biotope, and Anthropopope, just like the landscape ecology system. Geotope resources are strong in landscape characteristics such as coast and beach, rocks, bedrocks, waterfalls, geology and Jusangjeolli Cliff, Oreum and craters, water resources, and landscape viewpoints. The Biotope resources showed strong ecological characteristics due to large tree and protected tree, Gotjawal, forest road and vegetation communities, biological habitat, vegetation landscape view point. Antropotope include Culture of Jeju Haenyeo and traditional culture, potting and lighthouses, experience facilities, temples and churches, military and beacon facilities, other historical and cultural facilities, and cultural landscape views. Jeju Olle Trail The representative resources for each type of Jeju Olle Trail are coastal, Oreum, Gotjawal, field and Stonewall Fencing farming land, Jeju Village and Stone wall of Jeju. In order to learn about the components and various functions of the resources representing the Olle Trail's ecological culture, the landscape ecological technique was interpreted. Looking at the ecological and cultural characteristics of coastal, the coast includes black basalt rocks, coastal vegetation, coastal grasslands, coastal rock vegetation, winter migratory birds and Jeju haenyeo. Oreum is a unique volcanic topography, which includes circular and oval mountain bodies, oreum vegetation, crater wetlands, the origin and legend of the name of Oreum, the legend of the name of Oreum, the culture of grazing horses, the use of military purposes, the object of folk belief, and the view from the summit. Gotjawal features rocky bumps, unique microclimate formation, Gotjawal vegetation, geographical names, the culture of charcoal being baked in the past, and bizarre shapes of trees and vines. Field walls include the structure and shape of field walls, field cultivation crops, field wall habitats, Jeju agricultural culture, and field walls. The village includes a stone wall and roof structure built from basalt, a pavilion at the entrance of the village, a yard and garden inside the house, a view of the lives of local people, and an alleyway view. These resources have slowly changed with the long lives of humans, and are now unique to Jeju Island. By providing contents specialized for each type of Olle Trail, tourists who walk on Olle will be able to experience the Olle Trail in depth as they learn the story of the resources, and will be able to increase the sustainable use and satisfaction of Jeju Olle Trail users.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.18 no.3 s.39
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• pp.99-113
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• 1990

The purpose of this study was to prepare some more up-dated and advanced curriculum in Landscape Architecture in Junior College education to bring up a leading professional who can meet the changing social needs. To achieve this goal, the data about the actual employment status of graduates, current relevant systems and legistations, the questionnaires of Landscape companies, graduates and undergraduates, and the current relevant curriculum of domain 6 junior colleges and Japanese relevant curriculum was gathered and analyzed The results are as follows ; 1. Currently the majority of the graduates are employed in Construction field, but the employment trend of graduates shows diversification and subdividing as following 5 fields, that is Construction, Design, Maintenance, Administration and Indoor Landscaping. 2. It is essential to bring up a Landscape Technician who has a Landscape Certificate of qualifications(esp. 2nd class). 3. Lately, the actual Practice came to be one item of the qualifying examination, so the subjects of Landscape Design, Landscape Construction and Landscape Estimation Should be emphasized, Accordingly, current curriculum should be revised. 4. Currant curriculum model(1979) made by the Ministry of Education doesn't play a real and adequate role and should be up-dated in view of the current curriculum of domain 6 junior colleges has no regular standards. In preparation for new standardized curriculum model, following criterior could be suggested, that is, ratio of the Major Required Subjects vs. The Major Optional Subjects would be 50 : 50, and the Major Optional Subject would be 48 credits which is 150% of the Required Credits(32 credits) 5. The subjects such as Basic Agriculture, Afforestation, Nature Conservation, Sketch, Civil Engineering, Landscape Seminar and Modelling Practice would be deleted in the curriculum model established in 1983. 6. The subjects such as Perspective Practice, Indoor Landscaping, Landscape Legislation and Landscape Design( III ) could be newly opened to meet the social needs, to prepare for the qualifying examination and to serve well in the employment fields. 7. The subjects of Surveying ( I ) & ( II ) would be unified into one Subject as Surveying, and some in view of the average situation of 6 junior colleges. 8. It is urgent to open some subject related to computer. At first, An Introduction to Computer could be recommended in the cultural studies course and Landscape Computer Technique as the Major Optional Subjects.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.62-72
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to suggest objective basic data for environmental resource planning through the evaluation of the visual quality by GIS. For this, Landscape information system have been made up of topographical and superficial information and landscape values of Cheju Island have been evaluated by using Grass 4.1, degree of visual preferences have been measured mainly by questionnaires and finally these data have been analyzed by using the correlation. Result of this study can be summarized as fellows, in the landscape value, remarkable views play a role as the dominant landscape information. Also, LCPs including various, successive view or a lot of visibility amount have high Landscape value. Therefore, it is important to management landscape which can preserve values of landscape elements through the creation of visibility area. In the visual preference, remarkable scenes play a part as a dominant factor. Also, LCPs including a wide field of vision or successive view have high visual preference. Therefore, it is proved that the visual preference is related to a field of vision and remarkable scenes. Finally, these data have been analyzed by using the regression, in order to verify the method. The result is that a R\sup 2\ is 0.715. It means that correlation is significant at the 0.01 level. In conclusion, the results of this study reveal that visual preference has been evaluated by aesthetic variables and landscape values have been evaluated by GIS. And visual preference and landscape values are closely correlated. In other words, it is possible to evaluate the aesthetic value by physical variable. The method of evaluationi is used in Cheju Island, and it will be possible to apply this method to other places. And this method can be applied to other places by special quality and landscape informatioin system, made up of landscape elements. Also, it will be possible to keep up management and applicatioin that is evaluated by GIS and computer program. Recently, there is a tendency tat visual and aesthetic approach, based on planners' experiences and intuitioin is gradually changed to the scientific approach, based on a objective data. Therefore, it is important that the measuring system is based on objective data which are concerned with a special quality of landscape. It is also significant that the environmental planning is based on a spatial image of physical environment and major landscape elements.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.267-277
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• 1998

The background of this study is to provide meaning of landscape history and to find out landscape origines which were strongly concerned with the nature through breaking out the form of conventional adapting elements from an exterior. And the purpose of this study is to review Brown's philosophy as picturesque landscape architectur and to provide useful Brown's characteristics to contemporary landscape by epitomizing his design elements. Brown estiablished a foundation of the English landscape garden of the eighteenth century. And the concept, the beauty of nature, is considered as a beginning point of modernism study. The study of the Brownian style as profoundity theme is conversion view to the development of the history of garden. These days, the restoration of the Brownian style at the public or garden design in England is based on the nature recourse of the original character of human. And also his style can be understood to seek the progressive transformation as to perfectly known the possibility of the place, to get clues to the solutions, and to be able to iprove the quality of environment. Therefore, Brown's efforts for seeding the essence of landscape architecture escaping from Englands old-fashioned landscape design skills might be considered in high worth.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.76-90
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to extract landscape design elements regulation of the District Unit Plan(DUP) in new town areas, and to find out characteristics in terms of urban design elements in comparison with the psychological and physical aspects. For this purpose, we reviewed urban design elements and design elements in terms of the landscape by DUP and analyzed the activation of landscape on the selected case-area by interviewing experts such as planners, public officials, and professors in the department of urban planning and landscape, as well as the university students. The analysis framework for the case-study consists of 4 components: the section of region, street, building, open space, etc. The new development areas in Daejeon Metropolitan City was chosen as the case study area, because they have been developed by DUP regulations. As a result of this study, we can extract characteristics of landscape. The results indicate that `skyline design',`view corridor design',`landscape design',`street furniture design' and `building design(form, height, color, and elevation)' are the key planning and design factors influencing differences in the landscape preference. This research identifies that there are no detailed planning and design guidelines adopted within the four case study areas in Daejeon for regulating the characteristics of skyline, planting and street furniture while detailed guidelines established for density, building height and site layout. Considering their significant correlation with the level of landscape preference, this study suggests that detailed planning and design guidelines for the characteristics of skyline, rooftop and streetscape should be established in future DUP.