• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.118-124
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to explore the ecological aesthetic features and the implications for ecological landscape design by analyzing the design philosophy and ecological artworks of Patricia Johanson, an ecological artist. Literature review and a field visit were conducted to investigate Johanson's four art projects that express the functional purpose, artistry, and locality of symbiosis with nature and restoration of ecosystem habitats. As the results of analysis, first, Johanson's work created 'functional art work' and 'artistic infrastructure'. Second, the historical and regional characteristics were expressed artistically and symbolically. Third, Johanson is characterized by connecting humans and nature through the publicity of works of art, and raising the awareness of preservation of nature and environment among the community and children. Johanson's innovative works can provide inspiration for landscape architects pursuing functional and sustainable landscape design.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture International Edition
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• no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2004

It is important to consider urban parks and greenery not only from the viewpoint of amenity or aesthetics but also from the viewpoint of biodiversity. In this study, we focused on bryophytes (mosses), and analyzed how existence of artificial structures in urban greeney, such as concrete curbs and stone walls, affect species diversity of bryophytes. Kyoto Gyoen in Kyoto City, western Japan, was selected as the study site. In consideration of kinds of substrates on which bryophytes grow, microhabitats of Kyoto Gyoen were divided into ten types including concrete curbs and stone walls. In each type of microhabitats, we selected the area where bryophyte diversity was highest, and established a quadrat for bryophyte flora survey. Our results showed that the number of bryophyte species and growth forms and the value of diversity indices on concrete curbs or stone walls were higher than the averages of those. The bryophyte species were divided into the four groups by TWINSPAN as follows: Group A (epiphyte species), Group B (rocky species), Group C (roadsides, grassland or forest species), and Group D (waterside species). Bryophytes classified into Group B (rocky species) were mainly recorded on concrete curbs or stone walls. It was considered that the existence of artificial structures (concrete curbs and stone walls) provided favorite habitats for the bryophytes classified into Group B (rocky species), which mainly grows on concrete or rocks, and enhanced species diversity of bryophytes in Kyoto Gyoen.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.129-149
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• 2019

This study is to give a three-dimensional view of the concept of rurality and ruralness in terms of time-span, perceived object and awareness level. In the precedent studies ruralness or rurality has been approached as the category of usefulness resources called amenity. This overlooked the perceived representation, institutional reference and rurality of ideological values. Rurality appears as a cumulative representation of being rural from the past to the present, but ruralness exists as a desirable form or value for the future. Through this study, it has been analyzed that ruralness consists of six realms such as environment, community, self-reliance, aesthetics, enjoyable amenity and settlement, and of three or four sub-realms by each amounting to 20 in total. According to the vocabulary listing by the survey to 30 experts, rurality for the past-present is mainly imagined as of natural environment, agriculture, landscape, and community history, while ruralness for the future is frequently described as of communities, settlement and self-reliance by number of references. Through the vocabulary extraction, 17 words in the level of mid-conception are induced including ecology, comfort, history, agriculture, landscape, place, culture, convenience, etc. In conclusion the concept of ruralness along with rurality could be organized into three different layers of perception consisting of representation, norms and usefulness.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.86-103
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• 2016

'Sukchunjeahdo' illustration-book, which was left by Han, Pil-gyo(韓弼敎 : 1807~1878)in the late Joseon Dynasty, includes pictorial record paintings containing government offices, Eupchi, and Feng Shui condition drawn by Gyehwa(界畵) method Sabangjeondomyobeop(四方顚倒描法) and is the rare historical material that help to understand spatial structure and landscape characteristics. Youngyuhyun(永柔縣) and Sincheongun(信川郡) town, the case sites of this study, show Feng Shui foundation structure and placement rules of government offices in the Joseon Period are applied such as 3Dan 1Myo(三壇一廟 : Sajikdan, Yeodan, Seonghwangdan, Hyanggyo), 3Mun 3Jo(三門三朝 : Oeah, Dongheon, Naeah) and Jeonjohuchim(前朝後寢) etc. by setting the upper and lower hierarchy of the north south central axis. The circulation system is the pattern that roads are segmented around the marketplace of the entrance of the town and the structure is that heading to the north along the internal way leads to the government office and going out to the main street leads to the major city. Baesanimsu(背山臨水 : Mountain in backward and water in front) foundation, back hill pine forest, intentionally created low mountains and town forest etc. showed landscape aesthetics well suited for the environmental comfort condition such as microclimate control, natural disaster prevention, psychological stability reflecting color constancy principle etc. and tower pavilions were built throughout the scenic spot, reflecting life philosophy and thoughts of contemporaries such as physical and mental discipline, satisfied at the reality of poverty, returning to nature etc. For government office landscape, shielding and buffer planting, landscape planting etc. were considered around Gaeksa(客舍), Dongheon(東軒), Naeah(內衙) backyard and deciduous tree s and flowering trees were cultivated as main species and in case of Gaeksa, tiled pavilions and pavilions topped with poke weed in tetragonal pond were introduced to Dongheon and Naeah and separate pavilions were built for the purpose of physical and mental discipline and military training such as archery. Back hill pine tree forest formed back landscape and zelkova, pear trees, willow trees, old pine trees, lotus, flowering trees etc. were cultivated as gardening trees and Feng-Shui forest with willow trees as its main species was created for landscape and practical purposes. On the other hand, various cultural landscape elements etc. were introduced such as pavilions, pond serving as fire protection water(square and circle), stone pagoda and stone Buddha, fountains and wells, monument houses, flagpoles etc. In case of Sincheongun town forest(邑藪), Manhagwan(挽河觀), Moonmujeong(文武井), Sangjangdae(上場岱) and Hajangdae(下場岱) Market place, Josanshup<(造山藪 : Dongseojanglim(東西長林)>, Namcheon(南川) etc. were combined and community cultural park with the nature of modern urban park was operated. In this context, government office landscape shows the garden management aspect where square pond and pavilions, flowering trees are harmonized around side pavilion and backyard. Also, environmental design technique not biased to aesthetics and ideological moral philosophy and comprehensively considering functionality (shielding and fire prevention, microclimate control, etc.) and environmental soundness etc. is working.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.32
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• pp.309-336
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• 2011

There were various linking points that connect Li xue(Neo-Confucianism) to aesthetics in Song Dynasty as following. 1. The traditional moral as "pursuing pleasure of Kong-zi and Yan Hui" 2. Esteem of "life and vitality". Scholars of Li xue in Song regarded the pleasure of acting up to "benevolence" as a beauty, and this benevolence originated in the "heaven and earth; the universe". "Benevolence", that is to say, is name of the nature that continuous reproduction breed in an endless succession by "Yin-Yang the universe", thus the natural "life and vitality" of the "heaven and earth" as the matter of course is the perfect beauty. 3. An idea of "serene contemplation". Originally the "serene contemplation" belongs to discipline of "Li xue", however simultaneously this conception was entirely applicable to aesthetic point of view. 4. Cosmological consciousness. In the same manner, the "pleasure" which is moralistic and moreover aesthetic is indivisible from cosmic contemplation itself. Because of this point, the art and aesthetics of Song Dynasty self-consciously had the cosmological consciousness in its fullness. 5. Respect of beauty of nature. Scholars of "Li xue" considered as : no matter what "Li" or "Qi" that producing all things is "coming of itself", that is by no means artificially operated or prearranged in advance. Such standpoint was applied to creative art and made art of Song Dynasty esteem beauty of nature (coming of itself) exceedingly. 6. Laying stress on "disposition". Scholars of "Li xue" ordinarily valued much of "disposition of a sage", consequently this tendency influenced on aesthetics. "disposition" indicates the whole impression that one who has appearance and the inside(personality, temper, thought, etc.) gives to others. By putting that impression into practice of art and literature, it is to materialize the works of art as a unity of form and subject, also as an expression of human existence that breathed into one's sensibility on the whole. 7. Principles of "completing inquiry", "study the laws of nature by close access" of "Li xue". These principles made art and literature of Song Dynasty take a serious view of "Li" of all over the universe, so made them close investigate things, and after all have achieved very remarkable characteristic in art and literature, especially in paintings of Song Dynasty. Theory of painting in Song Dynasty had occupied considerably high position in Chinese aesthetic history. It was positively superior to former generations no matter what in quantity or in theoretical minuteness and its systematic level. Undoubtedly the Chinese theory of painting had been achieving development time after time since Song Dynasty. However if we could make a comparison it with every single period (ex. Yuan, Ming, and Qing Dynasties), there is no prominent period than Song Dynasty in theory of paintings. Song period had number of essays of Landscape painting.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.57-66
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• 1987

본 연구는 경관선호에 관한 평가방법을 서술적으로 구명하면서 기존의 경관선호에 관한 평가방법이 자연적 요소를 많이 포함한 경관의 평가출 정착히 하는데 따르는 문제점을 제시하고 경관의 우연적 국면에 따라 경관선호의 우연성(Contingency in Landscape Preference)을 개관하면서 경관평가의 우연성(Contingency in Landscape Evaluation)에 의한 우연적 경관평가방법(Contingent Approach in Landscape Evaluation)의 가능성을 시사했다. 최근까지의 경관평가방법을 크게 분류하면 총체적(Universal) 접근방법, 개성적(Idiosyncratic) 접근방법, 조화적(Contrastic) 접근방법 등으로 나눌 수 있다. 그런데 경관성에서의 우연성을 강조함 으로써, 앞의 세방법만을 가지고서는 경관의 실체 파악이 어렵기 때문에 새로운 방법이 강구되어야 한다. 이의 한 대안으로 경관선호에 대한 평가를 우연적 접근방법으로 해결함으로써 평가영역과 평가요소를 확장시킬 수 있다. 따라서 수학적 매트릭스가 가능하다는 시사를 본 연구에서 구시하면서 새로운 평가방법으로 우연적 경관평가방법을 제시했다. 우연적 경관평가방법은 우연적 경관성에 의한 심미성을 고려하여 종합적으로 분석할 수 있으나 우연적 영역을 의도적으로 설정하지 않는 한 현실적으로 재정적 흑은 시간적 제약성을 지니고 있다. 그러나, 경관선호의 정도에 관한 평가보다는 경관의 본질을 구성하는 모든 요소를 고려한 평가가 경관선호평가에 대한 종합성을 반영할 수 있다. 경관평가의 모호성에도 불구하고 경관의 본질은 우연성에 의존한다고 본다면 우연적 경관평가방법은 크게 무리가 없다. 결국 경관은 생명성을 지니고 있기 때문에 현상으로만 볼 것이 아니라 동시적이면서 산재적 이며 상황적 다양성으로 간주해야 하며 고러란 관점을 강조한 것이 우연적 경관선호 및 경관평가에 대한 접근이라 할 수 있다.도 나타났다. 직업간의 유의성은 학생과 타 직업간에 나타났다. 직업간의 유의성은 학생과 타 직업간에 현격하게 나타났으나, 개인차를 나타내는 속성적 변수는 상호보완적인 변수기능을 수행하고 있기 때문에 다양한 행동의 설명력있는 이유로 볼 수 없다.때로는 민담에서도 풍수가 주제가 되는 경우가 있고, 일반적으로는 역사적 사실이나 인물을 통하여 취락민이지녀온 자연요소에 대한 인식관 또는 그러한 생활에서 나타나는 윤리관 등이 암암리에 표현되기도 한다. 민담을 통하여 우리는 주민들 의식 속에 남아있는 취락의 중요한 요소나 장소들을 찾아볼수 있고 더불어 이들을 중심으로 이루어 졌을지도 모를 생활모습들을 생각해볼 수 있다. 이러한 것들은 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$의 다른 일면 또는 때에 따라서는 극히 의도적인 $\ulcorner$표현$\lrcorner$적인 한 면모 - 그 대표적인 경우로 정원을 구성하는데 개재된 인간의 의미는 무언가를 표현 또는 표출하고자 함에 있다는 점 -라 볼수도 있을, 예로써 성리학적 사고관념으로써 집과 정사 그리고 주변 경관을 자신의 내적본직 또는 윤리적 영역으로 삼아 묘사.표현.구체화 시켜가기도 한다. 최소한 동족부락의 한두 예들에서 그러한 $\ulcorner$표현$\lrcorner$적 의도에 의한 경관구성의 일면을 확인할수 있지만 엄밀히 생각하여 보면 이러한 예의 경우도 최락의 총체적인 외형은 마찬가지로 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$의 범위를 벗어나지 않는다. 그렇기 때문에도 $\ulcorner$순응$\lrcorner$과 $\ulcorner$표현$\lrcorner$의 성격과 형태를 외형상으로 더욱이 공간상에서는 뚜렷하게

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.66-88
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• 1997

There is no special law of Landscape architecture in Korea. So, examining the concept from the legal basis of LA with the viewpoint of a natural scientist not a jurist, this study was conducted to grasp the present condition of the name and the related text of the foreign laws in force which were connected with LA.. And those foreign laws were arranged in the name and the text and classified by nations of regional groups and it was considered to the mutual relation with lots of laws which are scattered with the various laws. Current domestic regulations to the various fields of LA are assembled with the many related rules. The governmental organization conducting those business is nonexistent up to now and it is generally known to except the dept. of LA from the office organization in Korea. Being at a disadvantage as mentioned above, this study was progressed under the necessity of the scientific basis for the expected organic law of LA proposed to establish it by every field of LA. Though feels inconvenience if the study for the items itself of LA had been proceeded prior to the study of laws relating to LA throughout the study, such a extensive study will be a subject to be attempted constantly hereafter by all part of landscape architects. The contents of the study are as follows ; 1. The present condition of the foreign laws connected with LA 1. The proposal & analysis of the problems and the solutions to the domestic laws connected with LA 3. The proposal of the reasonable application pklan in order to establish the organic law for LA. Among the items relating to LA such as engineer, contract, planning, design and supervision, construction, maintenance, plant and planting, open space, facilities, aesthetics and sight, park, land use and development planning, urban and regional planning, leisure space planning, environmental conservation and ecology, structural engineering of construction, administration, right and penal regulations, the laws dealing with the matter relating to LA directly or indirectly are prescribed dispersedly in the many other related laws and it is concluded to be impossible for the independent law of LA is likely to be establish with not only selecting and arranging the matter having closed connections to LA directly but also being recognized as the systematic equipment of the LA business. It was to be analyzed the present condition of the collected foreign laws relating to LA. After pointing out the problems to the domestic related laws being at issue, the remedies for it were presented through the questionnaire of the landscape specialist in which the supporting opinions to the recognition to the problems and the solutions were come to a major portion. Three types of application such as applicable, non-applicable, applicable after examination were presented to decide whether or not the foreign related laws were applied to the domestic one. The result of analysis shows that 42 statutes and 9 ordinances are applicable, 4 statutes and 7 ordinances are non-applicable, 1 constitution, 81 statutes and 48 ordinances are applicable after examination.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.329-346
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of physical and social servicescape of apartment community facilities on residential satisfaction and quality of life among newlyweds who have been married for less than 7 years. Methods: In this study, a survey was conducted among 361 Newlywed Hope Town residents who have been married for 7 years or less, and frequency analysis, reliability, validity, and hypothesis testing were conducted using SPSS 22.0. Results: The results of this study are as follows. First, the physical service environment (spatiality, convenience, aesthetics, and comfort) has a significant effect on residential satisfaction. Second, social service landscape (human service, customer similarity, customer suitability) has a significant effect on residential satisfaction. Third, the physical service landscape has a significant effect on quality of life. Fourth, the social service landscape had a significant impact on quality of life. Finally, residential satisfaction has a significant effect on quality of life. Conclusion: This study found that community facilities in Newlywed Hope Town, an apartment complex for newlyweds who have been married for less than seven years, affect residential satisfaction and quality of life in both the physical and social environments. The significance of the study is that the community of the Newlywed Hope Town apartment was approached as a physical environment such as spatial organization and facilities and a social environment of human services, and the relationship between the effects on residential satisfaction and quality of life was examined. In the future, it is necessary to study the effects of communities for young couples such as the Newlywed Hope Town apartment on residential satisfaction and quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.137-148
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• 2017

This study analyzed the opinions of residents for desirable urban regeneration and suggested an improvement plan for alley environments. This study conducted a questionnaire survey of the residents living in Alley Garden of Bisan 2,3-dong, Daegu Metropolitan City. In the analysis of the importance and satisfaction of Alley Garden components, items related to a safe, cleanly environment such as 'Lighting facility installation', 'Sewage and waste disposal' and 'CCTV installation' had a high level of importance. It was also found that items improved by the Residential Environment Improvement Project and Alley Garden such as 'Lighting facility installation', 'Quantity of herbaceous flowers' and 'Kinds of herbaceous flowers' had a high level of satisfaction. The IPA results showed that items such as 'Empty house maintenance', 'Rest facilities such as benches and pergolas', 'Space for resident interaction' and 'Public parking lot' had a high level of importance, but had a low level of satisfaction, which suggests that they should be improved by priority. As a result of factor analysis, Alley Garden components were classified into four factors: 'Safety and cleanliness', 'Greenness', 'Exchange and convenience facility' and 'Aesthetics renewal'. Based on this classification, a regression analysis was conducted regarding the effects of the four factors on overall satisfaction. Results showed that all four factors had a significant influence on the overall satisfaction and that 'Aesthetics renewal' and 'Safety and cleanliness', respectively showing levels of significance at 0.274 and 0.235, were highly influential to overall satisfaction. Therefore, it was concluded that spaces for resident interaction and rest facilities should be preferentially installed to improve the environment of alleys. For the improvement of the overall satisfaction of alley environments, it was also concluded that residents should be encouraged to engage in activities such as sculpture installation and mural drawing, along with the introduction of safety bells and crime prevention environment design and the implementation of alley beautification projects.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.6A
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• pp.355-367
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• 2012

Many of old aqueduct bridges located in rural areas are in need of repair and redesign. They still occupy some portion of countryside landscaping. However, most of them were designed to fulfill their basic functions of carrying waters, which has not contributed to the landscape positively. Moreover, it is not rational to treat each design case of aqueduct bridges individually because they are relatively small in size and arranged continuously over a long path. Therefore, it is better to provide a design guideline to repair or to redesign old aqueduct bridges as a whole considering both structural safety and landscape. The main objective is to develop a framework to repair and redesign of old aqueduct bridges for safety improvement and better landscape. Specifically this paper will address the development of possible design alternatives for repair and redesign The development of design alternatives for redesign will follow general principle of bridge aesthetics and be represented according to structural system, flume shape, pier height, pier shape in terms of design parameters while minor repair includes paintings and other ornamentations. And the developed design alternatives will be reviewed with its landscape as a background to check the visual compatibility within the community context. It is expected that the proposed guideline will be utilized to develop a maintenance plan to revitalize old aqueduct bridges to improve overall landscape of rural areas.