• 한국조경학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.7-22
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• 1995

Philosophers Of aeBthetics have tended to limit their Suhject to include only objects Of art. In contrast to art objects, landscapes include elements of both art and nature, and the aesthetic experiences of landscape are ordinarty ones. Thus, the theoretical alternatives, that cannot be like the traditional aesthetic dogma of art, must be explored. Jay Appleton's theory is the firsts attempt to develop a comprehensive theory of landscape aesthetics. He concentrates on the question 'what do we like about landscape and why do we like it ' He takes the assumption that the aesthetic experience of landscape is pleasurable or satisfying, and suggests the biologically oriented theory, called 'prospect-refuge theory.'Although his theory is stimulating and highly speculative, it depends on the 'aesthetic attitude' theory of Kantian thought. His theory can be criticized for its biologically deterministic nature and its reductionism To respond to Appleton's shortcomings, that is, to resolve the conflict between biological and cultural explanations of aesthetic experience of landscape, Steven Bourassa tries to combine biological, cultural, and personal modes in a comprehensive paradigm for research in landscape aesthetics. This tripartite paradigm seems to promise to be meaningful if helping to pose important questions as well as in. avoiding conceptual errors about aesthetic domain of landscape. However, Bourassa's theory fails to integrate such three separate kinds of moder In the final analysis both Appleton and Bourassa present same succeases in expanding the scope of aesthetics to embrace landscape. Most important for a theory in landscape aesthetics must be its ability to enlarge our awareness of the aesthetic domain and its sound logic and evidence to criticize our problematic beliefs about he aesthetic idea of landscape.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.61-81
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• 1998

This paper is to explore a new planning paradigm for urban landscape-not a new paradigm for urban landscape planning- in the light of environmental aesthetics. This is an endeavor to construct an alternative to the philosophical absence in the landscape profession. The landscape has been conceived of visual -oriented urban scene, and this notion is one of consequences of subject-object dualism in Western modernity project. In contrast with this convention, the authors consider urban landscape as the aesthetic field in which an experience of urban landscape actually works in human ordinary life and experience. To acquire an aestetic experience in this aesthetic field, we need to replace the doctrine of disinterestedness with engagement and contemplation with participation. This concept of participatory engagement with landscape can be translated in specific and concrete ways into urban landscape planning, replacing the traditional panoramic landscape with engaged landscape. The authors approach the urban landscape from the vantage point of an aesthetics of engagement by developing the four environmental situations : the sailing ship, the circus, the cathedral, and the sunset. They may serve as useful guides in cultivating and beautiful urban landscape to replace the forces of vulgarity and monotony that depress the modern city. What is beautiful urban landscape\ulcorner What makes the urban landscape beautiful\ulcorner Finally, the authors suggest identity and amenity as practical concepts of urban landscape planning for an aesthetic experience.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.129-140
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• 2017

본 연구는 포스트 인더스트리얼 공원이나 메모리얼 등 기존 모습을 유지한 채 근대적 기억을 담은 장소와 경관을 만드는 최근 조경 설계 경향에 대한 미학적 해석이다. 논의의 주요 대상은 방문자들이 공유할 수 있는 집단 기억을 간직한 대형 공원과 오픈스페이스다. 기억의 장소와 경관에서 일어나는 방문자의 미적 경험은 숭고, 노스탤지어, 멜랑콜리 등의 개념으로 설명될 수 있다. 이러한 미학적 개념이 강도 높은 트라우마 기억과 연관될 경우 방문자는 병적 상태에 다다를 위험이 있다. 그러나 '방문'을 통해 미적 경험이 이루어진다는 장소와 경관의 매체적 특성에 의해 방문자는 기억의 장소와의 거리를 자율적으로 조정할 수 있으며, 따라서 기억의 장소에서 온전한 미적 경험을 할 수 있게 된다. 숭고, 노스탤지어, 멜랑콜리를 통한 미적 경험은 시간성의 발현과 비가역성을 통해 이루어지는데, 시간성이란 장소와 경관이 가진 기억과 시간의 특성을 의미하며, 기억의 장소와 경관에서 발현되는 시간성은 되돌릴 수 없는 시간의 비가역성에 기초한다. 이 때 방문자가 가진 기억과 배경지식은 장소 기억과 더불어 장소와 경관에서 미적 경험을 구축해 나가는 주요 요소이다. 본 연구는 기억의 장소와 경관을 설계하는 과정에서 장소 기억과 방문자의 기억을 이해하고 활용할 수 있는 이론적 틀을 제시한다는 점에서 의의를 갖는다. 방문자의 기억에 소홀했던 물성 중심적 설계에 대한 비판적 시각 또한 본 연구의 또 다른 의의일 것이다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.15-24
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• 2001

환경 미학은 장대한 자연의 미와 도시경관의미 전체영역을 포함하는 것이라고 한다면 도시경관은 '도시의 보기 좋은 경치' 또는 '미관'이라고 정의되고 있다. 그러므로 우리는 도시경관의 새로운 계획 패러다임으로 미의 문제를 상정하고 이를 해결 할 수 있는 방법을 찾아야 한다. 이러한 환경미학이란 도시경관의 새로운 계획을 모색하는 것으로 도시경관의 미적 가치와 내용을 살피고 도시경관의 미적 경험을 설명하기 위한 것으로 미학적 맥락인 심미성의 평가는 도시시설물인 스트리트퍼니처(street furniture)의 조형미인 디자인요소를 추출하는 것으로 도시환경 디자인에 있어 새로운 의미를 제공할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.78-89
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• 2012

이 연구는 숭고의 개념에 기초하여 포스트 인더스트리얼 공원의 미적 특질을 해석하고자 한다. 먼저 조경사적 맥락에서 숭고의 미학적 역할을 밝히고, 이를 통해 도출한 논점들을 바탕으로 포스트 인더스트리얼 공원의 미적 특질에 접근하고자 한다. 조경사에서 숭고의 미학은 관례에 대항하는 미학적 범주로 작동하여 미적 향유의 대상을 확장해 왔으며, 동시에 황야나 오염된 부지의 공포심을 순치시켜 예술 작품으로 만드는 조경 본연의 역할과 연관되어 면면히 존재해 왔다. 포스트 인더스트리얼 공원에서 숭고의 계기는 노화된 산업 구조물과 야생의 식물상의 관계로부터 발견된다. 유기된 산업 구조물을 뚫고 피어나는 녹색 식물은 독특한 감각적, 시간적, 감동적 체험을 누리게 한다. 첫째, 산업 구조물의 감각과 식물의 감각은 변증법적 충돌을 일으켜 독특한 감각적 체험의 장을 조직한다. 둘째, 산업 구조물과 식물이 맺는 관계는 시간에 대한 인식을 가능하게 하여 방문객들에게 불확실한 시간성을 체험하게 한다. 마지막으로 포스트 인더스트리얼 공원은 오염으로 얼룩진 부지가 끊임없이 본래의 상태로 회복하려는 자연의 치유력을 형상화하여 방문객들에게 숭고한 감동을 준다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.22-31
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 무분별한 개발로 인한 자연경관훼손의 예방을 목적으로 자연경관보존방안을 제정하기 위한 경관평가를 수행하였다. 우리나라에서의 경관평가는 개발계획에 따른 시각경관만을 평가하고 있는 현실이며, 경관의 생태적 본질까지 동시에 평가하지는 못하고 있는 실정이어서 이에 대한 대책이 요구되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 이를 위해 시각경관민감도와 생태경관다양성을 요소로 하는 경관평가를 진행하였다. 경관평가의 목적은 실질적인 보존지역을 설정하고 그에 따른 계획을 수립하기 위함이기 때문에 이앤 맥하그(Ian McHarg)의 도면중첩법을 적용한 지리정보시스템(Geographic Information System: GIS)를 활용하였으며, 생태경관다양도와 시각경관민감도를 측정하여 중첩분석하였다. 또한, 경관영향요소의 영향력분석을 통해 집중관리지역을 분석할 수 있었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.369-382
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• 2003

Natural resources managers have considered the landscape without detailed consideration of aesthetic values of the landscape and geomorphological significance of unique landforms. Since EIA system was introduced in 1981, values associated with landscape protection have been neglected at best compared with those values traditionally attributed to environmental protection, including clean air, water quality and species protection. Black top highways are being built without consideration of harmful effects to the sea cliffs. Sea walls and tetrapod are being installed to protect the coastal towns and fish markets for tourist. However, beach itself are experiencing accelerated erosion due to the shortage of proper coastal engineering expertise. Hotels and condominiums are under construction on a massive scale around the national parks, which substitute the scenic ridges with concrete profiles. To protect the scenic beauty of national parks, their design and construction material should be more harmonious with the surroundings. Therefore, visual impact assessment should be applied both within the national park boundary and beyond to enhance the aesthetic values of national parks.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.79-95
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• 1996

The traditional gardens of China were constructed on the basis of the common aesthetic consciousness between designers and users. As designers and users communicated each other through the medium of garden, they give suggestions to our design and appreciation of modern landscape architecture. The traditional gardens of China pursued to reach the state of Yi Jing(意境), and this state formed the keynote of the whole field of Chinese culture. Yi Jing is the aesthetic theory originated in Pre-Qin Era, and established in Tang-Dynasty. After this, this theory become the very important aesthetic category of Chinese aesthetics. Yi Jing is the process from conception to appreciation, and requires the three parts of designer, a work of art, and appreciator. To reach Yi Jing, designers must be well grounded and persevere in their efforts. They also had to have the ability of corresponding the inner order of environment and landscape, and expressing their own feelings and emotions into gardens. So ultimately, they were in pursuit of constructing the gardens as if something naturally created. The garden itself is the meeting place of designers and users. The space in which users can think of life, nature, history, and cosmos. In order to do this, designers design the real landscape and non-visual landscape. This design can give appreciators more fertile imagination. Appreciation perfects the Yi Jing of gardens. Yi Jing is created by co-work of artist and appreciator with common aesthetic consciousness and sense. Therefore, it is subjective, and it may be vary with man and time.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.65-79
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• 2014

This study selected Nakdong River basin zone in Daegu as an example area to conduct landscapetope classification and aesthetic value assessment of landscape according to the classified landscapetope. The main result of this research can be summed up as following. First, the result of landscapetope type classification showed 28 types of landscapetope including complex residential area (AA), natural stream type with copious vegetation (BA), forest type centered on mixed forest of soft and hardwood (EB) along with 129 types of imputed specific landscapetope. The result of the total first assessment using B-VAT showed the first grade 10 types, II grade 4 types, III grade6 types, IV grade 3 types, 5 types for V grade with the lowest value. The second assessment conducted toward the landscapetope types with the grade higher than the average (including III grade) in the result of the first assessment showed that there are 66 spaces for the sites (1a, 1b) with special meaning for aesthetic landscape evaluation. And also, there were 69 spaces for those (2a, 2b, 2c) with meaning for aesthetic landscape evaluation. The design model of this research is largely divided into improvement goal and specific execution plan. First, the improvement goal is divided into 6 categories including conservation area, complementary area, and restoration area, and the specific execution plan is divided into 14 categories including special landscape management area, general landscape management area, conservation of hill areas with optically good condition. A comprehensive master plan was suggested by directly applying the set landscape planning model to the subject place of this research.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.48-56
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• 2007

This study was to understand the component that affects the formative beauty and to present the direction of bridge design for improving the image of urban landscape to survey the visual effect and landscape Preference by the change of bridge type. The results of this study are as follows. In the results of image analysis by bridge types, the images of one-arch bridges are unique and interesting, whereas more than two successive arched bridge were harmonize, stable, consecutive and regular. In the case of the arch rib, braced-rib arch bridge was assessed that complicated, diverse and interesting more than solid-rib arch bridge. The results of factor analysis on the psychological factor were classified into three categories: orderliness, aesthetic and symbolism. In the results of analysis on psychological factors by bridge types, the orderliness and symbolism were different in the position of path, and the number of arches, too. In case of arch rib, symbolism was different. In the preference analysis, they showed a sensitive reaction in the background of building. In the results of the relativity preference and psychological factor, according to aesthetic, symbolism and orderliness, there was an effect on the background of building. And, there showed the high effect in order of aesthetic, orderliness and symbolism in the background of mountain and building. This study should be objective raw data of the arch bridge design for improving the urban landscape. In the future, aesthetic variables like colors or textures should be considered for more exact evaluation.