• 한국조경학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2002

The purpose of this article is to examine land use change in the fringe area of a metropolitan city through multi-temporal data analysis. Change detection has been regarded as one of the most important applications for utilization of remotely sensed imageries. Conventionally, two images were used for change detection, and Arithmetic calculators were generally used on the process. Meanwhile, multi-temporal change detection for a large number of images has been carried out. In this paper, a digital land-use map and three Landsat TM data were utilized for the multi-temporal change detection Each urban area map was extracted as a base map on the process of multi-temporal change detection. Each urban area map was converted to bit image by using boolean logic. Various urban change types could be obtained by stacking the urban area maps derived from the multi-temporal data using Geographic Information System(GIS). Urban change type map was created by using the process of piling up the bit images. Then the urban change type map was compared with each land cover map for the change detection. Dalseo-gu of Daegu city and Hwawon-eup of Dalsung-gun, the fringe area of Daegu Metropolitan city, were selected for the test area of this multi-temporal change detection method. The districts are adjacent to each other. Dalseo-gu has been developed for 30 yeais and so a large area of paddy land has been changed into a built-up area. Hwawon-eup, near by Dalseo-gu, has been influenced by the urbanization of Dalseo-gu. From 1972 to 1999, 3,507.9ha of agricultural area has been changed into other land uses, while 72.7ha of forest area has been altered. This agricultural area was designated as a 'Semi-agricultural area'by the National landuse Management Law. And it was easy for the preserved area to be changed into a built-up area once it would be included as urban area. Finally, the method of treatment and management of the preserved area needs to be changed to prevent the destruction of paddy land by urban sprawl on the urban fringe.

• 대기
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.405-414
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• 2011

In this study, the influence of a change in land use on the local weather fields is investigated around the Lake Shihwa area using synthetic land cover data and a high-resolution mesoscale model - the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF). The default land cover data generally used in the WRF is based on the land use category of the United States Geological Survey (USGS), which erroneously presents most land areas of the Korean Peninsula as savannas. To revise such a fault, a multi-temporal land cover data, provided by the Ministry of Environment of Korea, was employed to generate a land cover map of 2005 subject to the land use in Korea at that time. A new land cover map of 1989, before the construction of the Lake Shihwa, was made based on the 2005 map and the Landsat 4-5 TM satellite images of two years. Over the areas where the land use had been changed (e.g., from sea to wetlands, towns, etc.) due to the Lake Shihwa development project, the skin temperature decreased by up to $8^{\circ}C$ in the winter case while increased by as much as $14^{\circ}C$ in the summer case. Changes in the water vapor mixing ratio were mostly affected by advection and topography in both seasons, with considerable increase in the summer case due to continuous sea breeze. Local decrease in water vapor occurred over high land use change areas and/or over downstream of such areas where alteration in wind fields were induced by changes in skin temperature and surface roughness at the areas of land use changes. The albedo increased by about 0.1% in the regions where sea was converted into wetland. In the regions where urban areas were developed, such as Songdo New Town and Incheon International Airport, the albedo increased by up to 0.16%.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제28권2B호
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• pp.215-224
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• 2008

SLURP 준 분포형 수문모형을 이용하여 예측된 토지이용 자료와 미래 기후변화 시나리오에 의한 기상자료 및 식생지수 정보를 고려한 상태에서 하천유역의 유출에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 경안천 경안수위관측소 상류유역($260.4km^2$)을 대상으로 4개년(1999-2002) 동안의 일별 유출량 자료를 바탕으로 모형의 보정(1999-2000)과 검증(2001-2002)을 실시하였다. 토지이용 예측은 1996년, 2000년, 2004년의 Landsat TM 및 ETM+ 위성영상을 이용하여 CA-Markov 기법으로 검증(2004)을 실시한 후, 미래의 토지이용(2030, 2060, 2090)을 예측하였다. 예측된 토지이용은 시간이 경과할수록 산림과 논은 지속적으로 감소하고 도시, 초지, 나지 등은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 미래의 식생정보 예측을 위하여 NOAA/AVHRR 위성영상으로부터 추출된 월별 NDVI(1998-2002)와 월평균기온간의 선형 회귀식을 도출하여 미래의 식생지수 정보(2030, 2060, 2090)를 추정하였다. IPCC SRES A2, B2 기후변화 시나리오에 대한 CCCma CGCM2 모의결과 값(2030s, 2060s, 2090s)을 Stochastic Spatio-Temporal Random Cascade Model(SST-RCM) 기법을 이용하여 downscaling 한 뒤 하천유출의 변화를 분석한 결과, 기후변화에 따른 하천유출율은 1999-2002년의 59%에 비해 미래에는 13%~34%로 감소하는 것으로 모의되었고, 반면에 토지이용의 변화에 대한 유출율은 0.1%~1% 증가하였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

Remote sensing cannot provide a direct measurement of vegetation index (VI) but it can provide a reasonably good estimate of vegetation index, defined as the ratio of satellite bands. The monitoring of vegetation in nearby urban regions is made difficult by the low spatial resolution and temporal resolution image captures. In this study, enhancing spatial resolution method is adapted as to improve a low spatial resolution. Recent studies have successfully estimated normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) using improved resolution method such as from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) onboard EOS Terra satellite. Image enhancing spatial resolution is an important tool in remote sensing, as many Earth observation satellites provide both high-resolution and low-resolution multi-spectral images. Examples of enhancement of a MODIS multi-spectral image and a MODIS NDVI image of Cheongju using a Landsat TM high-resolution multi-spectral image are presented. The results are compared with that of the IHS technique is presented for enhancing spatial resolution of multi-spectral bands using a higher resolution data set. To provide a continuous monitoring capability for NDVI, in situ measurements of NDVI from paddy field was carried out in 2004 for comparison with remotely sensed MODIS data. We compare and discuss NDVI estimates from MODIS sensors and in-situ spectroradiometer data over Ochang plain region. These results indicate that the MODIS NDVI is underestimated by approximately 50%.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.108-120
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 행정정보, GIS, RS정보, 확률모델을 이용하여 교토의정서에서 정의하는 산림전용지역의 추출가능성에 대하여 검토하였다. 1989년의 정사사진과 2001년의 IKONOS화상을 이용한 산림전용지역의 특성을 보면, 1989년부터 2001년까지의 산림전용지역은 약 40ha로 나타났다. 산림전용지역의 종류를 살펴보면, 도로(임도) 개설 및 주택지 개발을 위한 산림전용이 대부분을 차지하였고, 택지전용지의 80%는 기존의 도로로부터 100m이내에 분포하였으며, 신설된 도로 또한 20% 이상이 기존의 도로로부터 100m이내에 분포하였다. 산림전용지역의 추출모델 구축을 위하여 지형인자와 위성영상인자를 이용하였으며, 확률 개념을 도입한 산림전용지 발생 확률 지도를 작성하였다. 구축한 산지전용지 발생 모델의 유효성을 검증하기 위하여, 대상지역을 시스템적으로 구분하여, 추출 정도를 비교 검토하였다. 베이즈 모델과 Regression모델을 비교한 결과, 베이즈모델이 Regression모델보다 높은 추출확률을 나타냈다. 모델의 적합성을 평가하기위해서 대상지역을 2지역으로 구분하여 한쪽의 정보만을 가지고 발생확률지도를 작성하고, 나머지 지역에 대하여 발생확률을 검토한 결과에서도 베이즈모델이 높은 추출확률을 나타냈다.

• 한국농공학회논문집
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• 제46권7호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2004

The need to predict the rate of soil erosion, both under existing conditions and those expected to occur following soil conservation practice, has been led to the development of various models. In this study Morgan model especially developed for field-sized areas on hill slopes was applied to assess the rate of soil erosion using RS/GIS environment in the Dukchun river basin, one of two tributaries flowing into Jinyang lake. In order to run the model, land cover mapping was made by the supervised classification method with Landsat TM satellite image data, the digital soil map was generated from scanning and screen digitizing from the hard copy of soil maps, digital elevation map (DEM) in order to generate the slope map was made by the digital map (DM) produced by National Geographic Information Institute (NGII). Almost all model parameters were generated to the multiple raster data layers, and the map calculation was made by the raster based GIS software, IL WIS which was developed by ITC, the Netherlands. Model results show that the annual soil loss rates are 5.2, 18.4, 30.3, 58.2 and 60.2 ton/ha/year in forest, paddy fields, built-up area, bare soil, and upland fields respectively. The estimated rates seemed to be high under the normal climatic conditions because of exaggerated land slopes due to DEM generation using 100 m contour interval. However, the results were worthwhile to estimate soil loss in hilly areas and the more precise result could be expected when the more accurate slope data is available.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제111권4호
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• pp.603-612
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• 2022

본 연구는 다중시기 위성영상과 머신러닝 알고리즘을 이용하여 준국가수준의 시계열 산림바이오매스량을 추정하였으며, 이를 바탕으로 산림배출기준선 설정하여 비교·분석하였다. 머신러닝기반의 산림바이오매스 추정 모델을 구축하기 위하여 Landsat TM 위성영상과 유럽항공우주국에서 제공하는 Biomass Climate Change Initiative 정보를 이용하였으며, 머신러닝 알고리즘은 비모수 학습모델인 k-Nearest Neighbor(kNN)과 의사결정나무 기반의 Random Forest(RF)를 적용하였다. 또한, 추정된 산림바이오매스량은 Forest reference emission levels(FREL) 자료와 비교하였다. 머신러닝 알고리즘 별 산림바이오매스 추정 모델을 비교해보면, 최적의 kNN 모델과 RF 모델의 Root Mean Square Error (RMSE)는 각각 35.9와 34.41였으며, RF모델이 kNN모델보다 상대적으로 우수하였다. 또한, FREL, kNN, RF 모델 별 산림배출기준선의 기울기는 각각 약 -33천ton, -253천ton, -92천ton으로 설정되었다.

• 대한원격탐사학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한원격탐사학회 2007년도 Proceedings of ISRS 2007
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• pp.471-474
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• 2007

Eucalyptus plantations play a major role in the China's ecological, social, economic and other aspects and presently China is the second largest producer of Eucalyptus in the world next to Brazil. It was introduced as an ornamental tree during 1890 but later it became a commercial crop. During 1960s large number of Eucalyptus timber were used for railway sleepers and it was also used as shelter belt for rubber trees. It becomes one of the important national resources of commercial timber once the production reached to 5 million $m^{3}/yr$. Through Eucalyptus oil, it brought about 20% of foreign exchange. In the present study, it was aimed to estimate the Eucalyptus growing area in the southern Guangdong in China in terms of aerial extent and changes between 1991 and 2001 using Landsat TM and ETM+ data. Object based classification technique and subsequent temporal change detection analysis were followed to identify the changes between the periods. In the present study, the total area was divided into three classes viz., plantation area with trees, plantation area without trees and others. Object oriented classification was found to be more accurate in the present study. Overall increase of about 23.62 $km^{2}$ was noted between 1991 and 2001 in the plantation area. With reference to the present study area, the growth of Eucalyptus growing area was 7.4% in the 10 year periods. From this study it is clear that the area under Eucalyptus cultivation is growing considerably year by year in China. However, elaborate study must be conducted considering larger areas to accurately predict the growth of Eucalyptus growing areas.

• 한국GIS학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국GIS학회 1995년도 추계학술대회 발표요약문
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• pp.22-32
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• 1995

본 연구의 목적은 경안천 유역의 토지이용 및 식생의 활력도를 살피고, 각 시점에서의 토양유실량을 추계하며, 토지이용변화에 따른 토양유실 변화량의 증감을 분석하는데 있다. 토양유실량은 토양유실량예측공식(USLE)을 이용하여 산정하였는데 경안천이라는 광역적인 유역의 토양유실을 분석하기 위하여 GIS기법과 원격탐사기법을 동시에 이용하였다. 경안천 유역의 토지이용 및 식생활력도변화 분석뿐만이 아니라 토양유실량의 정확한 산정은 유역환경의 질에 영향을 미치는 매우 중요한 인자들이 무엇인지를 분석케 하였다. 즉 식생, 경사도 및 사면장 그리고 토양보전과 관련된 인자들에 대한 관리는 하천유역의 보전 및 토양유실의 저감에 중요한 역할을 함을 알 수 있었다. GIS기법을 응용한 본 연구는 계획가들에게 있어서 하천유역의 토지이용의 변화와 토양유실량의 상관성을 파악하게 해줌으로서 앞으로의 유역내의 장기적인 토지이용계획 수립시 매우 합리적인 지침을 제시해 줄 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.89-113
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to develop means to apply GIS and remote sensing technology to the analysis of Korean urban open spaces. To achieve this objective, a framework of analysis of urban open spaces was developed, and then the framework was applied for the evaluation of the potential and suitability of open spaces of Ansan City, which is a new town developed to accomodate industries relocation from Seoul, Korea, mainly due to their pollution problems. The software used in this study are IDRISI, a grid-based GIS, and KMIPS, a remote sensing analysis system. Both packages are based on IBM PC/AT computers with Microsoft DOS. Landsat MSS and TM data were used for the land use classification, land use change detection, and analysis of transformed vegetation indices. The size of the geographic data base is 110 rows and 150 columns with the spatial resolution of 100m$\times$100m. The framework of analysis includes both quanititative and qualitative analysis of open spaces. The quantitative analysis includes size and distribution of open spaces, urban develpment of open spaces, and the degree of vegree of vegetation removal of the study area. The qualitative analysis includes evaluative criteria for primary productivity of land, park use potential, major visual resources, and urban environmental control. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the size of builtup areas increased 18.73km$^2$, while the size of forest land decreased 10.86km$^2$ during last ten years. Agricultural lands maintained its size, but shifted toward outside of the city into forest. Second, the potential of open spaces for park use is limited mainly due to their lack of accessibility and connectivity among open spaces, in spite of ample acreage and good site conditions. Third, major landscape elements and historic sites should be connected to the open space system of the city by new accesses and buffers.