• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2009

International Standard Organization for Standardization Technical Committee 211(ISO TC 211) aims to define and develop standards for information concerning objects or phenomena that are directly or indirectly associated with a location relative to the Earth. ISO TC 211 is working with LADM as a new project based on the existing research which is CCDM. Land Administration Domain Model is, as a international standard model, mainly connected to administration law, spatial surveying components related to cadastre all over the world and provides an extensive basis for an efficient and effective land administration system to avoid reinvention and re-implemention. Further, LADM helps to communicate land information both within a country and between different countries. This study introduces what LADM is and researches how to adopt administration law, spatial surveying components of LADM for Korea Land Information System(KLIS).

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.113-119
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• 2009

In Ubiquitous Information society, real shape of spatial information and accurate position information are required. Spatial information standardization is needed to service for the people. International standard was defined to ensure compatibilities of various standards, technologies, and terminologies and to promote mutual trade certain criteria and standard forms were established through international agreement. International standard is made by International Organization for Standardization, and International Standard Organization Technical Committee 211 manages the geographic information field. ISO TC 211 is working on LADM (Land Administration Domain Model) which defines administration law and spatial surveying component related to land and efficiently manages data and land systems of the countries. This study introduced processing of standardization of a surveying package which is related with LADM and comparing it with Korea Cadastral information system.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.55-70
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• 2018

The field of cadastre and land administration is susceptible to changes in technological development and requires a robust system to respond. In Mongolia, there is a need for a future-oriented and robust cadastral system to cope with these changes. Therefore, this study chose the Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) which is created by the International Organization for Standardization(ISO), and analyzed for its application to the cadastral system of Mongolia. For the application of LADM for Mongolia, we analyzed four packages and each class of LADM based on characteristics of Mongolia's cadastral system and cases of countries applying LADM. As a result of this analysis, we have completed LADM national profiling in Mongolia and proposed the possibility of applying LADM. In the future, based on this research, application of LADM will play an important role in Mongolian cadastral system where the current data model standardization is not established and is useful as a reference model.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.193-205
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• 2015

The existing 2D cadastre as the core engine of land administration systems met with the difficulty of managing and representing the real 3D world. As a result, a 3D cadastre system has emerged as a solution oriented towards managing, representing and providing 3D spatial information related to physical status, land rights, restrictions and responsibilities. The aim of this study is to establish the foundation of the 3D cadastre information system. With this in mind, this paper aims not only to set up the data range of the 3D cadastre, but also to design a conceptual model based on an LADM (Land Administration Domain Model) through the investigation of legal restrictions and land uses relating to spaces in 3D.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2018

The paper reviews the adoption of ISO 19152, Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) for the enhancement of the current Mongolian cadastral system. It can be said that the current cadastral system is developed for the pure purpose of land registration. There is a need for a comprehensive data model for not only this reason but also reflecting the current problems in the Mongolian cadastral system. The LADM was published by the International Organization for Standardization later in 2012 as an International Standard for modeling cadastral and land administration information for the purpose of providing a common vocabulary(ontology) and efficient system development. This study examined possibilities of adopting the LADM to the cadastral system for Mongolia focused on Land Manager system. Data model of the Land Manager was examined against the corresponding LADM classes and as a result, gaps between each data model have been drawn. Lastly we proposed the LADM-based new data model for Mongolian cadastral system ensuring that the current problems be reflected.

• Atmosphere
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.267-277
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• 2012

The objectives of this study are to develop a real-time drought monitoring and prediction system on the East Asia domain and to evaluate the performance of the system by using past historical drought records. The system is mainly composed of two parts: drought monitoring for providing current drought indices with meteorological and hydrological conditions; drought outlooks for suggesting future drought indices and future hydrometeorological conditions. Both parts represent the drought conditions on the East Asia domain (latitude $21.15{\sim}50.15^{\circ}$, longitude $104.40{\sim}149.65^{\circ}$), Korea domain (latitude $30.40{\sim}43.15^{\circ}$, longitude $118.65{\sim}135.65^{\circ}$) and South Korea domain (latitude $30.40{\sim}43.15^{\circ}$, longitude $118.65{\sim}135.65^{\circ}$), respectively. The observed meteorological data from ASOS (Automated Surface Observing System) and AWS (Automatic Weather System) of KMA (Korean Meteorological Administration) and model-driven hydrological data from LSM (Land Surface model) are used for the real-time drought monitoring, while the monthly and seasonal weather forecast information from UM (Unified Model) of KMA are utilized for drought outlooks. For the evaluation of the system, past historical drought records occurred in Korea are surveyed and are compared with the application results of the system. The results demonstrated that the selected drought indices such as KMA drought index, SPI (3), SPI (6), PDSI, SRI and SSI are reasonable, especially, the performance of SRI and SSI provides higher accuracy that the others.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.307-319
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• 2016

A Land-Atmosphere Modeling Package (LAMP) for supporting agricultural and forest management was developed at the National Center for AgroMeteorology (NCAM). The package is comprised of two components; one is the Weather Research and Forecasting modeling system (WRF) coupled with Noah-Multiparameterization options (Noah-MP) Land Surface Model (LSM) and the other is an offline one-dimensional LSM. The objective of this paper is to briefly describe the two components of the NCAM-LAMP and to evaluate their initial performance. The coupled WRF/Noah-MP system is configured with a parent domain over East Asia and three nested domains with a finest horizontal grid size of 810 m. The innermost domain covers two Gwangneung deciduous and coniferous KoFlux sites (GDK and GCK). The model is integrated for about 8 days with the initial and boundary conditions taken from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Final Analysis (FNL) data. The verification variables are 2-m air temperature, 10-m wind, 2-m humidity, and surface precipitation for the WRF/Noah-MP coupled system. Skill scores are calculated for each domain and two dynamic vegetation options using the difference between the observed data from the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) and the simulated data from the WRF/Noah-MP coupled system. The accuracy of precipitation simulation is examined using a contingency table that is made up of the Probability of Detection (POD) and the Equitable Threat Score (ETS). The standalone LSM simulation is conducted for one year with the original settings and is compared with the KoFlux site observation for net radiation, sensible heat flux, latent heat flux, and soil moisture variables. According to results, the innermost domain (810 m resolution) among all domains showed the minimum root mean square error for 2-m air temperature, 10-m wind, and 2-m humidity. Turning on the dynamic vegetation had a tendency of reducing 10-m wind simulation errors in all domains. The first nested domain (7,290 m resolution) showed the highest precipitation score, but showed little advantage compared with using the dynamic vegetation. On the other hand, the offline one-dimensional Noah-MP LSM simulation captured the site observed pattern and magnitude of radiative fluxes and soil moisture, and it left room for further improvement through supplementing the model input of leaf area index and finding a proper combination of model physics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.165-176
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• 2018

To solve the inconsistencies between realistic boundaries and the cadastral record boundaries, the cadastral resurvey project has been funded by a large budget since 2012 and executed over a long period of time until 2030. However, if the causes of inconsistencies are not analyzed and addressed, these inconsistencies could possibly reoccur. Even though the causes of inconsistencies can be defined in several aspects, including regulations, surveying methods, and management of cadastre maps or survey results, and so on, this study focuses on analyzing the inconsistency problems in the management of cadastre maps or survey results. In order to resolve the problems in inconsistencies between the cadastre maps and survey results, the study proposes to develop the cadastre data model based on LADM (Land Administration Domain Model) to manage the cadastre maps and survey results in better ways. In order to proposed the Cadastre Data Model, we analyzed the cadastre management system implemented in Korea and identified requirements to resolve the problems in inconsistencies, which are considered in the proposed data model as follows: 1) cadastral management system based on individual parcels, 2) synthesis of a realistic boundary and cadastral record boundary, 3) management of official and sharing reference data, 4) consistent management of survey results and parcel boundaries, 5) temporal managements of parcel boundaries. In the end, this study proposes a cadastral data model based on the LADM to integrate and manage the cadastral surveying results of the new cadastral management system.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.6
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• pp.123-132
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• 2019

This study is to estimate the spatial soil moisture using Terra MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite data and machine learning technique. Using the 3 years (2015~2017) data of MODIS 16 days composite NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) and daily Land Surface Temperature (LST), ground measured precipitation and sunshine hour of KMA (Korea Meteorological Administration), the RDA (Rural Development Administration) 10 cm~30 cm average TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry) measured soil moisture at 78 locations was tested. For daily analysis, the missing values of MODIS LST by clouds were interpolated by conditional merging method using KMA surface temperature observation data, and the 16 days NDVI was linearly interpolated to 1 day interval. By applying the RNN-LSTM (Recurrent Neural Network-Long Short Term Memory) artificial neural network model, 70% of the total period was trained and the rest 30% period was verified. The results showed that the coefficient of determination ($R^2$), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency were 0.78, 2.76%, and 0.75 respectively. In average, the clay soil moisture was estimated well comparing with the other soil types of silt, loam, and sand. This is because the clay has the intrinsic physical property for having narrow range of soil moisture variation between field capacity and wilting point.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 2014

A very high resolution weather analysis system (VHRAS) of 50 m horizontal resolution is established based on LAPS. VHRAS utilizes the 3 hourly forecast data of the Unified Model (UM) of the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) with the horizontal resolution of 12 km as initial guess fields. The analysis system ingests the automatic weather station (AWS) data as input observations. The analysis system operates every hour for Seoul, Korea region in real time basis. It takes less than 10 minutes for one analysis cycle. The size of grid of the analysis domain is $800{\times}660$, respectively. The analysis results from December 2010 to February 2011 showed that the mean biases of temperature, maximum and minimum temperature were -0.07, 1.6, $0.2^{\circ}C$, respectively. The temperature in the central part of the city revealed relatively higher value than that of the surrounding mountainous areas, which showed a heat island feature. The heat island appears in zonal direction since the central city region is developed along a large river. Along the heat island, the eastern region was warmer than the western region. The warmer temperature in the western part of the heat island was caused by anthropogenic heat change in conjunction with the change of land use. This system will provide more reliable weather data and information in Seoul.