• 대한기계학회논문집
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.1852-1860
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• 1991

본 연구에서는 연구대상을 주어진 구조물 형상에서 경계조건의 변화에 따른 현상 설계민감도, 특히 하중경계조건의 변화에 따른 구조물의 변형에 주안점을 두었다. 이 연구결과는 가공물의 지지위치에 따른 가공면의 변형정도 향상 및 접촉문제 해석등 에 응용이 가능하다. 유도된 민감도가 정확함을 입증하기 위하여 예제로서 하중경계 조건의 변화에 따른 범함수로 정의된 변형의 변화량을 예측하는 문제를 선정하였다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.36-41
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• 2011

In the present paper, a direct forcing/fictitious domain (DF/FD) level set method is proposed to simulate the FSI (fluid-solid interaction) in two-phase flow. The main idea is to combine the direct-forcing/fictitious domain (DF/FD) method with the level set method in the Cartesian coordinates. The DF/FD method is a non-Lagrange-multiplier version of a distributed Lagrange multiplier/fictitious domain (DLM/FD) method. This method does not sacrifice the accuracy and robustness by employing a discrete ${\delta}$ (Dirac delta) function to transfer quantities between the Eulerian nodes and Lagrangian points explicitly as the immersed boundary method. The advantages of this approach are the simple concept, easy implementation, and utilization of the original governing equation without modification. Simulations of various water-entry problems have been conducted to validate the capability and accuracy of the present method in solving the FSI in two-phase flow. Consequently, the present results are found to be in good agreement with those of previous studies.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.313-319
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• 2002

Since the oil crisis in 1970, a great deal of effort has been made to develop automatic electric load sharing systems as a part of the efforts to save energy. A large scale electric generating system composes more than two generators whose characteristics may be different. When such a system is operated individually or in parallel, the lagrange multiplier's method has difficulty in achieving optimal load distribution because generators usually have the limitations of the operating range with inequality constraints. Therefore, a suitable operating mode of generators has to be decided according to the selection of the generators to meet electric power requirements at the minimum cost. In this study, a method which solves the optimal electric load distribution problem using the dynamic programming technique is proposed. This study also shows that the dynamic programming method has an advantage in dealing with the optimal load distribution problem under the limitations of the operating range with inequality constraints including generator operation mode. In this study, generator operating cost curve of second order equation by shop trial test results of diesel generators are used. The results indicate that the proposed method can be applied to the ship's electric generating system.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.983-998
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• 2016

Structural optimization is one of the most important topics in structural engineering and has a wide range of applicability. Therefore, the main objective of the present study is to apply the Lagrange Multiplier Method (LMM) for minimum cost design of singly and doubly reinforced rectangular concrete beams. Concrete and steel material costs are used as objective cost function to be minimized in this study, and ultimate flexural strength of the beam is considered to be as the main constraint. The ultimate limit state method with partial material strength factors and equivalent concrete stress block is used to derive general relations for flexural strength of RC beam and empirical coefficients are taken from topic 9 of the Iranian National Building Regulation (INBR9). Optimum designs are obtained by using the LMM and are presented in closed form solutions. Graphical representation of solutions are presented and it is shown that proposed design curves can be used for minimum cost design of the beams without prior knowledge of optimization and without the need for iterative trials. The applicability of the proposed relations and curves are demonstrated through two real life examples of SRB and DRB design situations and it is shown that the minimum cost design is actually reached using proposed method.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.803-809
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• 2000

For the effective analysis of an engineering problem, meshless methods which require only positioning finite points without the element meshing recently have been proposed and being studied extensively. Meshless methods have difficulty in imposing essential boundary conditions directly, because non-interpolate shape functions originated from an approximation process are used. So some techniques, which are Lagrange multiplier method, modified variational principles and coupling with finite elements and so on, were introduced in order to impose essential boundary conditions. In spite of these methods, imposition of essential boundary conditions have still many problems like as non-positive definiteness, inaccuracy and negation of meshless characteristics. In this paper, we propose a new method which modifies shape function. Through numerical tests, convergence, accuracy and validity of this method are compared with the standard EFGM which uses Lagrange multiplier method or modified variational principles. According to this study, the proposed method shows the comparable accuracy and efficiency.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.316-322
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• 2002

단일 시추공 환경에서 얻어지는 전자기장을 해석하기 위해 확장 Born 혹은 국소비선형 근사를 이용한 계산시간이 짧고 효율적인 역산법을 만들었다. 매질은 시추공에 관해 축대칭이라 가정하였으며 그 대칭성을 유지하기 위해 수직 자기 쌍극자원을 사용하였다. 역산법의 효율성과 안정성은 적절한 라그랑지계수의 사용에 크게 의존하지만 이는 일반적으로 원하는 수렴성을 달성하기 위해 수작업으로 결정된다. 본 연구에서는 현장 자료를 다루는 역산법의 효율을 향상하기 위해 라그랑지계수의 자동결정법을 개발하였다. 그 역산법의 안정성과 효율성은 이론모델링 자료를 사용하여 검토되었다.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.165-171
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• 2014

We develop an optimization algorithm for a periodic review inventory system under a stochastic budget constraint. While most conventional studies on the periodic review inventory system consider a simple budget limit in terms of the inventory investment being less than a fixed budget, this study adopts more realistic assumption in that purchasing costs are paid at the time an order is arrived. Therefore, probability is employed to express the budget constraint. That is, the probability of total inventory investment to be less than budget must be greater than a certain value assuming that purchasing costs are paid at the time an order is arrived. We express the budget constraint in terms of the Lagrange multiplier and suggest a numerical method to obtain optional values of the cycle time and the safety factor to the system. We also perform the sensitivity analysis in order to investigate the dependence of important quantities on the budget constraint. We find that, as the amount of budget increases, the cycle time and the average inventory level increase, whereas the Lagrange multiplier decreases. In addition, as budget increases, the safety factor increases and reaches to a certain level. In particular, we derive the condition for the maximum safety factor.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권11호
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• pp.223-234
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• 2021

This study aims to examine whether operating cash flows influence banks' financial stability in Pakistan. The study employed annual panel data collected from annual reports of 20 commercial banks listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange for the year 2011 to 2019. Free cash flow yield was taken as the dependent variable while cash flow ratio was selected as the independent variable, and net interest margin, income diversification, asset quality, financial leverage, the cost to income ratio, advance net of provisions to total assets ratio, capital ratio, financial performance, breakup value per share and bank size were taken as control variables. The study performed ordinary least square technique, random and fixed effects models, Hausman test, Lagrange multiplier test, descriptive and correlation analysis. Results showed that operating cash flows and net interest margin significantly and positively influenced banks' financial stability while the cost to income ratio and advances net of provisions to total assets ratio significantly and negatively associated with banks' financial stability. To improve financial stability, banks should become more cost-effective and enhance their liquidity levels by lowering lending activities. In the future, it would be useful to compare commercial and investment banks, also Islamic and conventional banks in the same research setting.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.57-64
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• 2009

물리적 기반의 다이내믹 시뮬레이션에 있어서 안정적이고 효율적인 제한 시스템은 매우 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 본 논문은 기존에 널리 사용되고 있는 제한 시스템들(Lagrange Multiplier method, Baumgarte stabilization method, Post-stabilization Method, Implicit constraint enforcement method, Fast projection method)에 대한 분석과 평가를 통해 제한 시스템을 사용하고자 하는 사용자들에게 적절한 선택을 할 수 있는 지침을 제공하고자 한다. 본 논문은 기존의 제한 방법들에 대한 수학적 수식들이 설명되어 있고, 제한 오차 비교, 계산 비용, 동적 움직임 분석 등을 통해 기존 제한 시스템들 각각에 대한 평가를 제공한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.35-43
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• 1996

A computer program for automatic deriving the symbolic equations of motion for robots using the programming language MATHEMATICA has been developed. The program, developed based on the Lagrange formalism, is applicable to the closed chain robots as well as the open chain robots. The closed chains are virtually cut open, and the kinematics and dynamics of the virtual open chain robot are analyzed. The constraints are applied to the virtually cut joints. As a result, the spatial closed chain robot can be considered as a tree structured open chain robot with kinematic constraints. The topology of tree structured open chain robot is described by a FATHER array. The FATHER array of a link indicates the link that is connected in the direction of base link. The constraints are represented by Lagrange multipliers. The parallel robot, DELTA, having three-dimensional closed chains is modeled and simulated to illustrate the approach.