• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.569-577
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• 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the growth of Cichorium intybus, Brassica juncea, and Lactuca sativa at varying seed ratios, and to suggest an efficient management plan for sustainable indoor agriculture systems. It was treated with mixed sowing as follows: 30 chicory seeds (chicory alone: CC), 22 chicory seeds + 8 lettuce seeds (C₃L₁), 20 chicory seeds + 10 lettuce seeds (C₂L₁), 15 chicory seeds + 15 lettuce seeds (C₁L₁) as intraspecies, and 30 mustard seeds (mustard alone: MC), 22 mustard seeds + 8 lettuce seeds (M₃L₁), 20 mustard seeds + 10 lettuce seeds (M₂L₁), 15 mustard seeds + 15 lettuce seeds (M₁L₁) as interspecies. The study identified the competitive response in seed germination between Cichorium intybus and Lactuca sativa, and in the C₃L₁ experimental group, Lactuca sativa had the highest leaf length, root length, chlorophyll content, and fresh weight. Therefore, the higher the ratio of Cichorium intybus, the higher the growth and productivity of Lactuca sativa; however, higher the ratio of Lactuca sativa, the lower the growth of Cichorium intybus. Furthermore, the nitrogen and potassium content in the substrate was the highest in the C₃L₁ experimental grorp which had the highest seeding rate of the Cichorium intybus. Comparing the groups Brassica juncea and Lactuca sativa, the higher the seeding ratio of Lactuca sativa, the higher the growth and productivity of Brassica juncea. Therefore, a companion seeding of Brassica juncea and Lactuca sativa is beneficial; this could be effective in having a high seeding ratio of Lactuca sativa.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.90-95
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• 2014

This study was conducted to evaluate the resistance of 212 accessions of lettuce germplasm to gray mold disease caused by Botrytis cinerea. The lettuce germplasm were composed of five species: Lactuca sativa (193 accessions), L. sativa var. longifolia (2 accessions), L. sativa var. crispa (2 accessions), L. saligna (2 accessions), and L. serriola (1 accession); majority of these originated from Korea, Netherlands, USA, Russia, and Bulgaria. After 35 days of spray inoculation with conidial suspension ($3{\times}10^7$ conidia/ml) of B. cinerea on the surface of lettuce leaves, tested lettuce germplasm showed severe symptoms of gray mold disease. There were 208 susceptible accessions to B. cinerea counted with 100% of disease incidence and four resistant accessions, IT908801, K000598, K000599, and K021055. Two moderately resistant accessions of L. sativa, K021055 and IT908801, showed 20% of disease incidence of gray mold disease at 45 days after inoculation; and two accessions of L. saligna, K000598 and K000599, which are wild relatives of lettuce germplasm with loose-leaf type, showed complete resistance to B. cinerea. These four accessions are candidates for breeding lettuce cultivars resistant to gray mold disease.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2023년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.62-62
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• 2023

• Plant Resources
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.69-76
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• 2004

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is known to contain water-soluble substances that are biologically active. Aqueous or methanol extracts and residues from leaves of lettuce plants were assayed to determine their allelopathic effects, and the causative allelochemicals from fractions were quantified by means of HPLC analysis and bioassayed. Extracts from oven-dried leaf samples were more phytotoxic than those from freeze-dried samples. Leaf extracts of 40 g L$^{-1}$ were completely inhibitory on root growth of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), while root growths of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) were less sensitive. Early seedling growth of both alfalfa and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) was significantly reduced by methanol leaf extracts. The major allelopathic substances analyzed by HPLC were coumarin, trans-cinnamic acid, o-coumaric acid, p-coumaric acid and chlorogenic acid. Of them p-coumaric acid was found as the greatest amount (8.9 mg 100 g$^{-1}$ ) in the EtOAc fraction; only coumarin was found in all the fractions. Hexane and EtOAc fractions of L. sativa reduced alfalfa root growth more than did BuOH and water fractions. These results suggest that lettuce had potent herbicidal activity, and that its activity differed depending on type and amount of causative compounds by fraction.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.66-68
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• 2003

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2020

Recently, as a natural substance has been emphasized interest in research to enhance the immune function. Green lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a popular vegetable used fresh and it contains various phytochemicals and antioxidant compounds, and has been reported to have various physiological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, antitumor and anti-mutagenic. However, only a few studies have investigated on the mechanism of action of immune-enhancing activity of lettuce. Therefore, in this study, the immunomodulatory activities and potential mechanism of action of Green lettuce extracts (GLE) were evaluated in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. GLE significantly increased NO levels by RAW264.7 cells, as well as expressions of immunomodulators such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α and MCP-1. Although GLE activated ERK1/2, p38, JNK and NF-κB, GLE-mediated expressions of immunomodulators was dependent on p38, JNK and NF-κB. In addition, TLR4 inhibition blocked GLE-mediated expressions of immunomodulators and activation of p38, JNK and NF-κB. Taken together, these results demonstrated that TLR4-MAPK/NF-κB signalling pathways participated in GLE-induced macrophage activation and GLE could be developed as a potential immunomodulating functional food.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.426-429
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• 2004

An easy, sensitive and rapid method for the analysis of phytol, a strong ACAT (Acyl-CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase) inhibitory diterpenoid, was established. The pre-treatment of sample for GC analysis of phytol includes aq. MeOH extraction, partition of the extracts between EtOAc and water, and filtration of organic phase through Supelclean LC-Si SPE tube. The GC analysis of phytol for a variety of Lactuca sativa was carried out on DB-5 capillary column with flame ionization detector (FID). The consistency in phytol contents according to each variety was not shown. Especially, Jeoktoma, as RS-2 type, showed the highest phytol content.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.376-381
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• 2009

The compositional analysis and the peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) scavenging assay were undertaken to demonstrate beneficial dietary effect of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L., Compositae). Quinic acid derivatives of the seven cultivars were qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by HPLC to lead to the finding of 3,4-di-O-caffeoyquinic acid and 3-O-p-coumaroylquinic acid and their contents ranged over 2.72-4.47 mg/g and 8.97-23.26 mg/g, respectively. A cultivar Hacheong had the highest quantity of quinic acid derivatives. The peroxynitrite scavenging effect of the five cultivars (Jangsu, Gosina 27, Gopung, Yeolpungjeogchima, and Mipungjeogchugmyeon) were ranged over 7.45-8.26${\mu}g$/ml as $IC_{50}s$ while those of Hacheong and Mihong had less effect ($IC_{50}$ >10 ${\mu}g$/ml).

• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.55-58
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• 1994

Agrobacterium-based vector를 이용하여 상추를 형질전환 및 재분화 하였다. 즉 $C_{a}$ MV 35S promoter와 GUS 유전자를 reporter로 가지고 있는 pBl121을 Agrobacterium tmfaciens LBA4404에 도입시킨 후 상추의 자엽 절편과 cocultivation을 통하여 형질전환 시키고 재분화 시켰다. Southern 및 Northern 분석을 통하여 형질 전환 및 재분화된 상추에 GUS 유전자가 안정하게 도입되고 식물체내에서 mRNA로 발현됨을 확인하였다. 또한 GUS 유전자가 식물 체내에서 단백질로 발현됨을 확인하기 위하여 상추 잎의 단백질 추출액을 이용하여 분광분석법에 의하여 GUS의 활성을 측정하였다. 시료간의 약간의 차이는 있으나 시료로부터 유의적인 GUS 활성을 확인하였다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.301-306
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• 2007

Tocopherols, essential components of the human diet, are synthesized exclusively by photosynthetic organisms. To increase tocopherol content by increasing total flux to the tocopherol biosynthetic pathway, genes encoding Arabidopsis homogentisate phytyltransferase (HPT/V-TE2) and tocopherol cyclase (TC/VTE1) were constitutively overexpressed in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Total tocopherol content of the transgenic plants overexpressing either of the genes was increased by more than 2-fold mainly due to an increase in ${\gamma}$-tocopherol. However, chlorophyll content in the HPT/VTE2 and TC/VTE1 transgenic lines decreased by up to 20% and increased by up to 35%, respectively (P < 0.01). These results demonstrate that manipulation of the tocopherol biosynthetic pathway can increase or decrease chlorophyll content depending on the gene introduced.