• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.91-107
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• 2011

The importance of service industries is growing as the portion of the service sector increases fast in the recent decades. This research deals with service prototyping and testing in a service laboratory. While products are generally tested through prototyping in new product development processes, services are difficult to test because of the characteristic of service, intangibility. A service laboratory, named s-Scape, is the experiment environment which has been developed to test services in virtual space for the purpose of analysis and improvement of real-world services such as hospitals and automobile show rooms. In this research, we present a service prototyping tool and language to support service test in the service laboratory. We first analyze key elements of service prototypes, and then design the service prototype diagram (SPD) and the service prototype description language (SPDL). SPD, which is a variant of the service blueprint, is a graphical tool to be used to generate SPDL. SPDL is an executable language of describing a service prototype of a real-world service in extensible markup language (XML) to experiment the service environment in virtual space. SPD reflects the control and interface of virtual reality devices, as well as key elements of service modeling. SPD represents a service process in which service providers and customers interact with each other in a service scape.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.547-554
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 고등학교 물리교과의 '기체분자 운동론'단원에 대한 개별 웹 활용 모의실험을 개발 적용하여 과학 수업에 대한 태도, 학습동기, 학업성취도에서 미치는 효과를 조별 전통실험 집단과 비교하여 알아보았다. 농촌지역에 위치한 고등학생(조별 전통실험 집단 1학급, 개별 웹 활용 모의실험 집단 1학급)을 대상으로 기체 분자 운동론 단원에 대하여 실험 처치를 2차시동안 실시하였다. 모의 시험은 기체에 대한 실험에서 눈에 보이지 않는 기체를 시각화하여 눈에 보이는 입자로 표현되었고, 온도 및 압력을 자유롭게 변화시킬 수 있도록 개발되었다. 웹 활용 모의실험 집단은 개발된 모의실험을 이용하여 개별적으로 실험하였고, 전통실험 집단은 교과서에 나오는 실험을 4인 1조로 실시하였다. 사전 검사로 사전 과학 수업에 대한 태도 검사, 사전 학습동기(PALS) 검사, 논리적 사고력 검사를 실시하였다. 실험 처치 후 학생들의 사후 과학 수업에 대한 태도 검사, 사후 학습동기(IMMS) 검사, 학업 성취도 검사를 실시하였고, 자료를 수집하여 공변량 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, 개별 웹 활용 모의실험과 조별 전통실험 집단간의 과학 수업에 대한 태도는 유의미한 차이가 없었다. 또한, 학습동기와 학업 성취도는 개별 웹 활용 모의실험 집단이 조별 전통실험 집단에 비해 유의미하게 높았다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.6-12
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• 1996

To investigate the clastogenicity of taxol and its precursor, 10-aleacetyl baccatin III, we performed chromosomal aberration assay with chinese hamster lung cells in vitro. The IC$_{50}$ values of taxol and 10-deacetyl baccatin III were determined as $1/16 \times 10^{-4}$ M (5.34 $\mu$g/ml) and $1 \times 10^{-2}$ M (560 $\mu$g/ml) in MTT assay, respectively. It means that the cytotoxicity of taxol revealed 100 times more cytotoxic than 10-deacetyl baccatin III in chinese hamster lung cell line. Nevertheless the strong positive genetic toxicity of taxol in the bone marrow micronucleus assay in vivo which was recently reported, we observed weak positive clastogenicity of taxoi only in the absence of metabolic activation system in the concentration ranges used in this experiment. Moreover, to clarify the involvement of metabolic fate of taxol because of its strong positive result in vivo, 10-deacetyl baccatin III which is a precursor in taxol synthesis, also subjected in chromosomal aberration assay in vitro. However, we observed no clastogenicity of 10-deacetyl baccatin III in this experiment. From above results, it was suggested that the esterification at C-13 appears to be relative for its genetic toxicity in chromosome aberration using chinese hamster lung cell in vitro.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권7호
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• pp.1007-1013
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cadmium levels on weight gain, nutrient digestibility and the retention of iron, copper and zinc in tissues of growing pigs. A total of one hundred and ninety-two crossbred pigs (barrows, Duroc$\times$Landrace$\times$Yorkshine, 27.67$\pm$1.33 kg of average initial body weight) were randomly allotted to four treatments. Each treatment had three replicates with 16 pigs per pen. The corn-soybean basal diets were supplemented with 0, 0.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg/kg cadmium respectively, and the feeding experiment lasted for eight-three days. Cadmium chloride was used as cadmium source. The results showed that pigs fed the diet containing 10.0 mg/kg cadmium had lower ADG and FCR than any other treatments (p<0.05). Apparent digestibility of protein in 10.0 mg/kg cadmium-treated group was lower than that of other groups (p<0.05). There was lower iron retention in some tissues of 5.0 mg/kg and 10.0 mg/kg cadmium treatments (p<0.05). However, pigs fed the diet 10.0 mg/kg cadmium had higher copper content in most tissues than that of any other groups (p<0.05). There was a significantly increase of zinc retention in kidney of 10.0 mg/kg cadmium additional group (p<0.05) and zinc concentrations in lymphaden, pancreas and heart of 10.0 mg/kg cadmium treatment were lower than those of the control (p<0.05). This study indicated that relatively high cadmium level (10.0 mg/kg) could decrease pig growth performance and change the retention of iron, copper and zinc in most tissues during extended cadmium exposure period.

• 한국농업기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국농업기계학회 2000년도 THE THIRD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY ENGINEERING. V.II
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• pp.124-131
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• 2000

In this study, the NEURAL NETWORK (hereinafter referred to as NN) was applied to control of the nonlinear factors for turning movement of the crawler vehicle and experiment was carried out using a small model of crawler vehicle in order to inspect an application of NN. Furthermore, CHAOS NEURAL NETWORK (hereinafter referred to as CNN) was also applied to this control so as to compare with conventional NN. CNN is especially effective for plane in many variables with local minimum which conventional NN is apt to fall into, and it is relatively useful to nonlinear factors. Experiment of turning on the slope of crawler vehicle was performed in order to estimate an adaptability of nonlinear problems by NN and CNN. The inclination angles of the road surface which the vehicles travel on, were respectively 4deg, 8deg, 12deg. These field conditions were selected by the object for changing nonlinear magnitude in turning phenomenon of vehicle. Learning of NN and CNN was carried out by referring to positioning data obtained from measurement at every 15deg in turning. After learning, the sampling data at every 15deg were interpolated based on the constructed learning system of NN and CNN. Learning and simulation programs of NN and CNN were made by C language ("Association of research for algorithm of calculating machine (1992)"). As a result, conventional NN and CNN were available for interpolation of sampling data. Moreover, when nonlinear intensity is not so large under the field condition of small slope, interpolation performance of CNN was a little not so better than NN. However, when nonlinear intensity is large under the field condition of large slope, interpolation performance of CNN was relatively better than NN.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.583-594
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• 2021

The gas permeability behavior of unsaturated bentonite-based materials is of major importance for ensuring effective sealing of high-level radwaste repositories. This study investigated this by taking a sample of Granular Bentonite Material (GBM) at the end of the Engineered Barrier Emplacement (EB) experiment in the Opalinus Clay, placing it under different humidity conditions until it achieved equilibration, and testing the change in the gas permeability under loading and unloading. Environmental humidity is shown to have a significant effect on the water content, saturation, porosity and dry density of GBM and to affect its gas permeability. Higher sensitivity to confining pressure is exhibited by samples equilibrated at higher relative humidity (RH). It should be noted that for the sample at RH=98%, when the confining pressure is raised from 1 MPa to 6 MPa, gas permeability can be reduced from 10^-16 m² to 10^-19 m², which is close to the requirements of gas tightness. Due to higher water content and easier compressibility, samples equilibrated under higher RH show greater irreversibility during the loading and unloading process. The effective gas permeability of highly saturated samples can be increased by 2-3 orders of magnitude after 105℃ drying. In addition, cracks possibly occurred during the dehydration and drying process will become the main channel for gas migration, which will greatly affect the sealing performance of GBM.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.541-548
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• 2015

Objective: We introduce a hand gesture segmentation method using a wrist-worn wearable device which can recognize simple gestures of clenching and unclenching ones' fist. Background: There are many types of smart watches and fitness bands in the markets. And most of them already adopt a gesture interaction to provide ease of use. However, there are many cases in which the malfunction is difficult to distinguish between the user's gesture commands and user's daily life motion. It is needed to develop a simple and clear gesture segmentation method to improve the gesture interaction performance. Method: At first, we defined the gestures of making a fist (start of gesture command) and opening one's fist (end of gesture command) as segmentation gestures to distinguish a gesture. The gestures of clenching and unclenching one's fist are simple and intuitive. And we also designed a single gesture consisting of a set of making a fist, a command gesture, and opening one's fist in order. To detect segmentation gestures at the bottom of the wrist, we used a wrist strap on which an array of infrared sensors (emitters and receivers) were mounted. When a user takes gestures of making a fist and opening one's a fist, this changes the shape of the bottom of the wrist, and simultaneously changes the reflected amount of the infrared light detected by the receiver sensor. Results: An experiment was conducted in order to evaluate gesture segmentation performance. 12 participants took part in the experiment: 10 males, and 2 females with an average age of 38. The recognition rates of the segmentation gestures, clenching and unclenching one's fist, are 99.58% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: Through the experiment, we have evaluated gesture segmentation performance and its usability. The experimental results show a potential for our suggested segmentation method in the future. Application: The results of this study can be used to develop guidelines to prevent injury in auto workers at mission assembly plants.

• 대기
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.499-509
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• 2017

Possible links among cosmic ray, cloud, and climate have scientific uncertainties. The reputed topics have been highly controversial during several decades. A link between the atmospheric ionization by galactic cosmic rays (GCR), which is modulated by solar activities, and global cloud cover was firstly proposed in 1997. Some researchers suggested that the GCR can stimulate the formation of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) in the atmosphere, and then the higher CCN concentrations may lead to an increase of cloud cover, resulting in a cooling of the Earth's climate, and vise versa. The CLOUD (Cosmic leaving outdoor droplets) experiment was designed to study the effect of GCR on the formation of atmospheric aerosols and clouds under precisely controlled laboratory conditions. A state-of-the-art chamber experiment has greatly advanced our scientific understanding of the aerosol formation in early stage and its nucleation processes if the GCR effect is considered or not. Many studies on the climate-GCR (or space weather) connection including the CLOUD experiment have been carried out during the several decades. Although it may not be easy to clarify the physical connection, the recent scientific approaches such as the laboratory experiments or modeling studies give some implications that the research definitively contributed to reduce the scientific uncertainties of natural and anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing as well as to better understand the formation processes of fine particulate matters as an important parameter of air quality forecast.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.195-199
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• 2009

A series of laboratory-scale corrosion experiments was carried out to observe the effect of dissolved oxygen (DO) in the presence of other water quality parameters, such as hardness, Cl-, and pH using various pipe materials. In addition, a simulated loop system was installed at a water treatment plant for pilot-scale experiment. Laboratory-scale experiment showed that corrosion rates for galvanized steel pipe (GSP), carbon steel pipe (CSP), and ductile cast iron pipe (DCIP) were decreased to 72%, 75%, and 91% by reducing DO concentration from 9${\pm}$0.5 mg/L to 2${\pm}$0.5 mg/L. From the pilot scale experiment, it was further identified that the average ionization rate of zinc in GSP decreased from 0.00533 to 0.00078 mg/$cm^2$/d by controlling the concentration of DO. The reduction of average ionization rate for copper pipe (CP) and stainless steel pipe (SSP) were 71.4% for Cu and 63.5% for Fe, respectively. From this study, it was concluded that DO could be used as a major parameter in controlling the corrosion of water pipes.

• International Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.184-191
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• 2004

In order to improve the performance of a 2 room heat pump with a constant speed compressor, the optimum refrigeration circuit of the heat pump with different cooling and heating capacities is developed by applying capillary tubes. The refrigeration circuit is composed of four parts; a heating circuit, a cooling circuit, a by-pass circuit and a balance circuit. The performance of the 2 room heat pump are investigated from a rating experiment and a reliability experiment, using the calorimeter. Results of the rating experiment show that the capacity of heat pump is about $93\%$ of the design value. In particular, the capacity of the cooling single operation is about $13\%$ higher than the design value, and the capacity of the heating multi operation is about $5\%$ higher than the design value. From the reliability experi-ment, it is found that the lowest driving voltage of the compressor is about $75\%$ of the rating voltage. Also the compressor is reoperated normally under the flood back and the over load.